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Vincent S. Smith Writing the Encyclopedia of Life
Background 1 The big picture of biodiversity research Goal… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Data set… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],People… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Background 2 The process of biodiversity research Parochial… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],How do we integrate the BIG with the small? Methodological… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Different… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
250 yr progress report ,[object Object],extinct long before we describe them The story so far… ,[object Object],still undescribed ,[object Object],80% of the worlds biodiversity 250 yrs 1000 yrs!!! ? 1758 2008 3008 Bacteria 9021 Spp Archaebacteria 259 Spp. Plants 260k spp. Animals 1.18 M spp. Other 193k spp. Fungi 101k 250 year and counting!
Taxonomic effort Bacteria 9021 Spp Archaebacteria 259 Spp. Plants 260k spp. Animals 1.18 M spp. Other 193k spp. Fungi 101k 1.8 million species
Taxonomic effort Crusta- ceans 39k Birds  10k Reptiles  7.1k Mammals  5k Amphib .5k Sponges  10k Cnidarians  9k Rotifers  1.8k Flatworms  13.7k Insects 0.82 M spp. Molluscs 117 k Fish  25k Bacteria 9021 Spp Archaebacteria 259 Spp. Plants 260k spp. Animals 1.18 M spp. Other 193k spp. Fungi 101k 1.8 million species
Taxonomic effort Crusta- ceans 39k Birds  10k Reptiles  7.1k Mammals  5k Amphib .5k Sponges  10k Cnidarians  9k Rotifers  1.8k Flatworms  13.7k Insects 0.82 M spp. Molluscs 117 k Fish  25k Bacteria 9021 Spp Archaebacteria 259 Spp. Plants 260k spp. Animals 1.18 M spp. Other 193k spp. Fungi 101k Beetles 370k spp. Flies 85k spp. Butterflies & moths 165k spp. Bees, wasps & ants 198k spp. 0.01 papers per species per year i.e 1 paper every 100 years Birds: 1 paper per species per yr. Mammals: 2 papers per species per yr. Elephants: 47 papers per species per yr. 1.8 million species
1,000’s of journals addressing a common set of questions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],DATA “ Paper minds” Traditional publication
1,000’s of journals addressing a common set of questions Mol. Phyl. Evol. 21,964 pp. since 2000 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],“ Paper minds” Traditional publication Menopon gallinae Numidicola antennatus Amyrsidea ventralis Somaphantus lusius Menacanthus stramineus Colimenopon urocolius Trinoton anserinum Meromenopon meropis Gruimenopon longum Hoazineus armiferus Copocephalum zebra Comatomenopon elbeli/elongatum Psittacomenopon poicephalus Odoriphila clayae/phoeniculi Ardeiphilus trochioxus Cuculiphilus fasciatus Ciconiphilus quadripustulatus Eomenopon denticulatum Piagetiella bursaepelecani Osborniella crotophagae Hohorstiella lata Neomenopon pteroclurus Machaerilaemus laticorpus/latifrons Austromenopon crocatum Eidmanniella pellucida Holomenopon brevithoracicum Dennyus hirundinis Myrsidea victrix Ancistrona vagelli Pseudomenopon pilosum Bonomiella columbae Chapinia robusta Plegadiphilus threskiornis Actornithophilus uniseriatus MEGAMENOPON Rediella mirabilis Latumcephalum lesouefi/macropus Paraboopia flava Paraheterodoxus insignis Boopia tarsata Therodoxus oweni Laemobothrion maximum Ricinus fringillae Trochiliphagus abdominalis Trochiloecetes rupununi Liposcelis bostrychophilus
1,000’s of journals addressing a common set of questions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],“ Species Name” The universal linker “ Paper minds” Traditional publication RAW DATA >  Logically interconnected but presently fragmented by the  publication process  Other problems… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Looking within a paper Data mining  publications 2.  Extract text (OCR) 3.  Find keywords 1.  Scan  Palma, R.L., and R.L.C. Pilgrim. 2002. A revision of the genus  Naubates  (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae).  J. R. Soc. N.Z.  32:7-60. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2.  Extract text (OCR) 3.  Find keywords 1.  Scan  4.  Index 5.  Annotate online Palma, R.L., and R.L.C. Pilgrim. 2002. A revision of the genus  Naubates  (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae).  J. R. Soc. N.Z.  32:7-60. Looking within a paper Data mining  publications ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How do we bring this all together? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],People “ Publications” Specimens ?
Technical issues 1 Data standards ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Technical issues 2 Platforms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Technology moves fast! Technical issues 2 Platforms
Technical issues 2 Platforms - common design considerations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Technical issues 3 Web services (integration hacks)
Social issues 1 The community ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Social issues 2 Nationalism / Politics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Social issues 3 Incentives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Social issues 4 Licensing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Publications on ants
Social issues 4 Licensing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Social issues 5 Human Computer Interactions
Technical solutions & social models Current options for writing the Encyclopedia of Life ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) “ A web page for every species ” http://www.eol.org/ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],- MacArthur and Sloan Foundations ,[object Object],- Aggregating data from the web ,[object Object],- First draft 2008, “finished” 2017! ,[object Object],- Science & outreach
 
Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) “ A web page for every species ” ,[object Object],- 24 “exemplar” pages - 30,000 detailed pages (fish & amphib.) - 1 million “stubs” (names & links) ,[object Object],- 11.5 million hits in first 5 hours - 500+ press articles - Pages unavailable for first two days! - Growth (needs 1,000 spp. per day) ,[object Object],- Quality vs. quantity of information - Authoritative “vetting” process - Credit for “authors” ,[object Object],- Get more content online - Better tools to engage more people
What is a Scratchpad? A website for you & your community Your data 1 Published & reviewed on your site 3 Uploaded & tagged 2
What is a Scratchpad? A website for you & your community Your data 1 Published & reviewed on your site 3 Uploaded & tagged 2 Fast Intuitive Fit for use
What can Scratchpads do? Import, manage, search & browse: DNA & Phylogenies Literature Specimens Images
DNA & Phylogenies Specimens Literature Images What can Scratchpads do? Integration & connectivity within & between sites Taxonomy
+Administration -Change your site information -Change you front page -Change your logo -Activity and access logs +Backup -Backing up your data -Restoring your data +Bibliography -Creating a record -Importing from a ref. manager -Exporting to a reference manager +Blog -Creating and adding a blog +Custom Content -Defining a CCK -Importing from a spreadsheet -Creating a custom view +Fileshare -Creating and using a fileshare +Forum -Altering the forum settings -Creating a container for a forum -Creating a new forum -Creating a new topic inside a forum +Groups -Creating a group -Subscribing to a group +Image -Uploading & basic annotation -Linking image & location records -Linking image & specimen records -Linking image & publication records -Overlay annotations on images +Layout -Change your theme -Menus -Blocks and sidebars +Locations -Creating a record -Importing from a spreadsheet +Pages -Creating, editing, cloning & deleting -Configuring the panels template +Panels -Adding & configuring content -Creating a new panel -Citing a Panels page +Phylogeny -Adding a phylogenetic tree +Specimens -Creating a record -Importing from a spreadsheet -Linking specimen & location records -Linking specimen & pub. records +Tasks -Creating a tasklist +Taxonomy -Importing from a spreadsheet -Importing from ClassificationBank -Starting from scratch -Taxonomy manager -Displaying a classification -Adding names -Deleting names -Taxonomy & panels +Users -Your settings -Adding a new user -User roles and permissions -Adding and editing user profile fields -Logging in +Webform -Creating and using webforms What can Scratchpads do? In summary:
What can Scratchpads do? Visual taskguide
Current Scratchpads Ants Bees Beetles Big-headed flies Birds Blackflies Ciliates Cockroaches Dragon Trees Dung Beetles False Buttonweed Flat worms Flies Foraminifera Fossil Insects Fungus Gnats Holometabola Leaf-miner Flies Lice Lichens of Bermuda Malvaceae Megalastrum ferns Milichiid flies Mosquitoes Mosses Nannotax fossils Nepticuloid moths Palms Pearl oysters Polychaete worms Scaleworms Termites Triticid grasses Weevils Wood Ferns Sulawesi Ferns Stick insects Sites: 130+ Users: 1500+ Pages: 170k Since March 2007
Scratchpad applications A multipurpose, flexible technology 4th Edition Howard & Moore, Birds of the world ( fact checking, data compilation, 2010, funding ) eBooks
European Mosquito Bulletin (ISSN 1460-6127), Phasmid Studies (ISSN 0966-0011) ( submission, review, & dissemination of articles ) eJournals Scratchpad applications A multipurpose, flexible technology
Image galleries Nanno fossils, Cockroaches, Stick insects, Flatworms, Grasses, Lichens & many more…  ( rapid upload, annotation, & display of images ) Scratchpad applications A multipurpose, flexible technology
GBIF, Zootaxa, Threatened Plants of the World (Kew), BarCoVer (DNA Barcoding) & more  ( space for data collection, services, discussion, & organization ) Societies & Organizations Scratchpad applications A multipurpose, flexible technology ZOOTAXA A rapid international journal for animal taxonomists ISSN  1175-5326  (Print Edition)  &  ISSN  1175-5334  (Online Edition)
How do Scratchpads work? Getting a Scratchpad http://scratchpads.eu/apply ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Requirements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Application Content ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Using a Scratchpad How do Scratchpads work? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Management ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Data Input Tagging (indexing) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Autotagging Indexing data to make it findable 1. Create content 2. Find terms 3. Submit (Index) (Autotag) (e.g. reference) Journal citation mentions taxon name
1. Create content 2. Find terms 3. Submit (Index) (Autotag) (e.g. reference) Autotagging Indexing data to make it findable Matches taxonomy term (Drag & Drop)
1. Create content 2. Find terms 3. Submit (Index) (Autotag) (e.g. reference) Autotagging Indexing data to make it findable Page tagged (indexed) with taxon name
Indexing data to make it findable How do Scratchpads work? ,[object Object],presented differently ,[object Object],a traditional bibliography ,[object Object],or “panels” of data
Integrating data & “publishing” in a Scratchpad How do Scratchpads work? Types of Scratchpad Panel… Taxonomic hierarchies Files and documents Phylogenetic trees Customized content Specimen records Photographs & illustrations Personalized instructions Common names Bibliographic literature Built with “tagged data”
Dynamically built species pages Integrating data & “publishing” in a Scratchpad How do Scratchpads work?
Browsed through a taxonomy Integrating data & “publishing” in a Scratchpad How do Scratchpads work?
Including 3 rd  party content Integrating data & “publishing” in a Scratchpad How do Scratchpads work?
With data curation tools Integrating data & “publishing” in a Scratchpad How do Scratchpads work?
Listing all “authors” Integrating data & “publishing” in a Scratchpad How do Scratchpads work?
Dated, permanent & citable Integrating data & “publishing” in a Scratchpad How do Scratchpads work?
Choose which panels to display Adjusting the panels layout How do Scratchpads work?
An example based on the Catalogue of Life classification How do Scratchpads work? 2 million taxon pages Open curation at   http://catlife.myspecies.info
Questions?
 
Scratchpad management Scalable & sustainable technology Virtual machine, open-source software, self-archiving, backed-up, multi-site configuration ( easy to move & upgrade, secure & reliable, citable, screencasts, low admin., low marginal costs ) Hardware, software & user support
 

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Writing The Encyclopedia Of Life (not EoL.org)

  • 1. Vincent S. Smith Writing the Encyclopedia of Life
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. Taxonomic effort Bacteria 9021 Spp Archaebacteria 259 Spp. Plants 260k spp. Animals 1.18 M spp. Other 193k spp. Fungi 101k 1.8 million species
  • 6. Taxonomic effort Crusta- ceans 39k Birds 10k Reptiles 7.1k Mammals 5k Amphib .5k Sponges 10k Cnidarians 9k Rotifers 1.8k Flatworms 13.7k Insects 0.82 M spp. Molluscs 117 k Fish 25k Bacteria 9021 Spp Archaebacteria 259 Spp. Plants 260k spp. Animals 1.18 M spp. Other 193k spp. Fungi 101k 1.8 million species
  • 7. Taxonomic effort Crusta- ceans 39k Birds 10k Reptiles 7.1k Mammals 5k Amphib .5k Sponges 10k Cnidarians 9k Rotifers 1.8k Flatworms 13.7k Insects 0.82 M spp. Molluscs 117 k Fish 25k Bacteria 9021 Spp Archaebacteria 259 Spp. Plants 260k spp. Animals 1.18 M spp. Other 193k spp. Fungi 101k Beetles 370k spp. Flies 85k spp. Butterflies & moths 165k spp. Bees, wasps & ants 198k spp. 0.01 papers per species per year i.e 1 paper every 100 years Birds: 1 paper per species per yr. Mammals: 2 papers per species per yr. Elephants: 47 papers per species per yr. 1.8 million species
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  • 16. Technology moves fast! Technical issues 2 Platforms
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  • 18. Technical issues 3 Web services (integration hacks)
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  • 24. Social issues 5 Human Computer Interactions
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  • 29. What is a Scratchpad? A website for you & your community Your data 1 Published & reviewed on your site 3 Uploaded & tagged 2
  • 30. What is a Scratchpad? A website for you & your community Your data 1 Published & reviewed on your site 3 Uploaded & tagged 2 Fast Intuitive Fit for use
  • 31. What can Scratchpads do? Import, manage, search & browse: DNA & Phylogenies Literature Specimens Images
  • 32. DNA & Phylogenies Specimens Literature Images What can Scratchpads do? Integration & connectivity within & between sites Taxonomy
  • 33. +Administration -Change your site information -Change you front page -Change your logo -Activity and access logs +Backup -Backing up your data -Restoring your data +Bibliography -Creating a record -Importing from a ref. manager -Exporting to a reference manager +Blog -Creating and adding a blog +Custom Content -Defining a CCK -Importing from a spreadsheet -Creating a custom view +Fileshare -Creating and using a fileshare +Forum -Altering the forum settings -Creating a container for a forum -Creating a new forum -Creating a new topic inside a forum +Groups -Creating a group -Subscribing to a group +Image -Uploading & basic annotation -Linking image & location records -Linking image & specimen records -Linking image & publication records -Overlay annotations on images +Layout -Change your theme -Menus -Blocks and sidebars +Locations -Creating a record -Importing from a spreadsheet +Pages -Creating, editing, cloning & deleting -Configuring the panels template +Panels -Adding & configuring content -Creating a new panel -Citing a Panels page +Phylogeny -Adding a phylogenetic tree +Specimens -Creating a record -Importing from a spreadsheet -Linking specimen & location records -Linking specimen & pub. records +Tasks -Creating a tasklist +Taxonomy -Importing from a spreadsheet -Importing from ClassificationBank -Starting from scratch -Taxonomy manager -Displaying a classification -Adding names -Deleting names -Taxonomy & panels +Users -Your settings -Adding a new user -User roles and permissions -Adding and editing user profile fields -Logging in +Webform -Creating and using webforms What can Scratchpads do? In summary:
  • 34. What can Scratchpads do? Visual taskguide
  • 35. Current Scratchpads Ants Bees Beetles Big-headed flies Birds Blackflies Ciliates Cockroaches Dragon Trees Dung Beetles False Buttonweed Flat worms Flies Foraminifera Fossil Insects Fungus Gnats Holometabola Leaf-miner Flies Lice Lichens of Bermuda Malvaceae Megalastrum ferns Milichiid flies Mosquitoes Mosses Nannotax fossils Nepticuloid moths Palms Pearl oysters Polychaete worms Scaleworms Termites Triticid grasses Weevils Wood Ferns Sulawesi Ferns Stick insects Sites: 130+ Users: 1500+ Pages: 170k Since March 2007
  • 36. Scratchpad applications A multipurpose, flexible technology 4th Edition Howard & Moore, Birds of the world ( fact checking, data compilation, 2010, funding ) eBooks
  • 37. European Mosquito Bulletin (ISSN 1460-6127), Phasmid Studies (ISSN 0966-0011) ( submission, review, & dissemination of articles ) eJournals Scratchpad applications A multipurpose, flexible technology
  • 38. Image galleries Nanno fossils, Cockroaches, Stick insects, Flatworms, Grasses, Lichens & many more… ( rapid upload, annotation, & display of images ) Scratchpad applications A multipurpose, flexible technology
  • 39. GBIF, Zootaxa, Threatened Plants of the World (Kew), BarCoVer (DNA Barcoding) & more ( space for data collection, services, discussion, & organization ) Societies & Organizations Scratchpad applications A multipurpose, flexible technology ZOOTAXA A rapid international journal for animal taxonomists ISSN 1175-5326 (Print Edition) & ISSN 1175-5334 (Online Edition)
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  • 42. Autotagging Indexing data to make it findable 1. Create content 2. Find terms 3. Submit (Index) (Autotag) (e.g. reference) Journal citation mentions taxon name
  • 43. 1. Create content 2. Find terms 3. Submit (Index) (Autotag) (e.g. reference) Autotagging Indexing data to make it findable Matches taxonomy term (Drag & Drop)
  • 44. 1. Create content 2. Find terms 3. Submit (Index) (Autotag) (e.g. reference) Autotagging Indexing data to make it findable Page tagged (indexed) with taxon name
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  • 46. Integrating data & “publishing” in a Scratchpad How do Scratchpads work? Types of Scratchpad Panel… Taxonomic hierarchies Files and documents Phylogenetic trees Customized content Specimen records Photographs & illustrations Personalized instructions Common names Bibliographic literature Built with “tagged data”
  • 47. Dynamically built species pages Integrating data & “publishing” in a Scratchpad How do Scratchpads work?
  • 48. Browsed through a taxonomy Integrating data & “publishing” in a Scratchpad How do Scratchpads work?
  • 49. Including 3 rd party content Integrating data & “publishing” in a Scratchpad How do Scratchpads work?
  • 50. With data curation tools Integrating data & “publishing” in a Scratchpad How do Scratchpads work?
  • 51. Listing all “authors” Integrating data & “publishing” in a Scratchpad How do Scratchpads work?
  • 52. Dated, permanent & citable Integrating data & “publishing” in a Scratchpad How do Scratchpads work?
  • 53. Choose which panels to display Adjusting the panels layout How do Scratchpads work?
  • 54. An example based on the Catalogue of Life classification How do Scratchpads work? 2 million taxon pages Open curation at http://catlife.myspecies.info
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  • 57. Scratchpad management Scalable & sustainable technology Virtual machine, open-source software, self-archiving, backed-up, multi-site configuration ( easy to move & upgrade, secure & reliable, citable, screencasts, low admin., low marginal costs ) Hardware, software & user support
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Notas del editor

  1. The mission - to describe and document the diversity of life Inventory the Earth’s species Document their relationships “ Publish” these data
  2. Problems with the current model Bias in what we are work on - taxonomy is parochial, requires specialists
  3. NHM Struggled to find someone describing a new species for DC2.