State of Education in Pakistan and Recommendations

1. STATE OF EDUCATION
SYSTEM IN PAKISTAN
PRESENTED BY:
HAFSA
RAHEEL
WARDA
USAMA
WALEED
BILAL

2. Different Level of Education
1. Pre Schools (3 years to 5 age)
2. Primary level (Grade1 to 5)
3. Middle Level (Grade 6 to 8)
4. High level ( Grade 9 and 10 leading to secondary school certificate or SSC)
5. Intermediates (grades 11 and 12)
6. University level

4. Types of Education
There are different categories in different types of quality education is given to the
children with different amount of money these are:
 1) Cambridge System
 2) Pakistan Secondary Education
 3) Madaressah System

5. Diversification of Education
Diversification Of Education
1) Vocational Education
2) Technical Education
3) Commerce business Education
4) Agricultural Education
5) Medical Education
6) Engineering Education.

6.  Top Universities In Pakistan
1) LUMS
2) Agha Khan University
3) University Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute (GIK)
4) COSMATS
5) NED
6) Institute of Business Administration (IBA)

7.  Different Programs offered in Pakistan
 Agricultural Engineering
 Computer Science
 B.A designs
 B.A/B.Sc
 BBA HONS

8. Literacy Rate Major Cities Wise
 Islamabad 98%
 Karachi 77%
 Abbotabad 96%
 Jehlum 97%

9. Local bodies role in promoting education
in pakistan
1. Government
2. HEC
3. NGO’s

10. Government
 Public schools:
The Government has created public schools for the lower class. In these types of
school which are either funded or made by the government authorities; anyone can
get admission here and the fee structure is affordable.

11. Budget allocation:

12. HIGHER EDUCATION COMISSION OF
PAKISTAN:
 It is an independent and autonomous institution developed to oversee the funding,
regulation, and accrediting of the higher education efforts in Pakistan.

13. Achievements:
 1. Established a Digital Library in Pakistan
 2. Tripled University enrollment
 3. Promoted research and research publications.
 4. Today Pakistani universities are ranked among top 200 World’s Universities.
 5. Four year undergraduate program introduced so that our degrees are
internationally recognized.
 6. The world’s largest Fulbright Scholarship program launched with joint funding
(HEC/USAID).
 7. Fifty one new universities and degree awarding institutes have been established.
 8. Introduction of Video Conferencing facility.

14. NON GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS:
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) use many
strategies such as public-private partnerships;
teacher-training; family literacy; community
involvement and developing funds for the
educational sector. NGOs ensure that the educational
requirements successfully be covered, with respect to
quality, affordability and equity.

15. NGO’S PROMOTING EDUCATION:
 BUNYAD FOUNDATION PAKISTAN FOR RURAL LITERACY
 BALOCHISTAN EDUCATION FOUNDATION (BEF)
 CITIZEN'S EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION (CEDF)
 UNESCO- UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANISATION
 CARE FOUNDATION
 MINERVA COURT
 IQRA Educational Trust
 TMF-EDUCATE PAKISTAN
 PARE-PAKISTAN ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH IN EDUCATION
 YAROH
 UMEED PARTNERSHIP PAKISTAN

16. Problems in Education System of Pakistan
The issues which are faced in the development of education and promotion of Literacy
are as follows:
1. Education System based on Unequal lines : The Education System of Pakistan is
based on unequal lines. Medium of Education is different in both Public and Private Schools
and also the curriculum and system of education is entirely different .In short there is no
uniformity in the Education System of Pakistan which creates disparity among people that
divides them into segments.
2. Poverty: Poverty is another reason which restricts parents in Pakistan to send their children
to Public or Private Schools for acquiring Education. Consequently they prefer sending their
children to Madrassas where Education is free.
3. Regional Disparity : Regional Disparity is another main issue. The Schools in Baluchistan
are not that advanced or trained to cater the current changes taking place in the Education
System around the world like that of Punjab. In FATA The literacy rate is discreditable
constituting 29.5% in Males and 3% in Females.
4. Lack of Awareness: Lack of Awareness or guidance is a major issue prevailing in Pakistan
due to Low Literacy Rate. In most provinces or cities , the parents are not that qualified or
education to guide their children as a result the students of today have no direction or purpose
in life .
5. Cramming Based Examination system: The Examination is a Tool to evaluate student
learning but unfortunately the Examinations held in Education system of Pakistan only test
memory of the students and does not work on their development and learning.

17. 6. Lack of Quality teachers: Teachers, indeed, anchor the education system. Their
qualification , experience , training and aptitude act as a catalyst to provide
refined future of the nation. Student learning, motivation, examination success
rate, enrollment rate and the dropout rate depend on the quality of the teacher.
But Unfortunately most of the teachers hired by private and public schools are
not highly qualified.
7. Gender gap: The Major factors that hinders the enrolment rate of girls in
school include poverty ,cultural constraints , illiteracy of parents and concern of
parents regarding their safety and mobility. Another Major influence is of society
which emphasizes on girls modesty, protection and early marriages that may
limit the family's willingness to send their girls to school. Enrolment of rural girls
is 45% lower than that of urban girls; while for boys the difference is 10% only,
which shows that gender gap is an important factor.
8. Cost of Education: The economic cost of private schools is higher than that of
public or government schools but they are located in richer settlement areas
only. The paradox is that private schools are better in providing quality
education but not everywhere and the government school ensure equitable
access but do not provide quality education.
9. War on Terror : Pakistan engagement in war against terrorism also affected the
promotion of literacy program. The militants targeted schools and students as a
result of which several educational institutions were blown up and teachers and
students were killed in Balochistan, Khayber Pakhton Khawan (KPK) and FATA.
10. Technical Education: Sufficient attention has not been paid to the technical and
vocational education in Pakistan. The number of technical and vocational
training institutes is not sufficient and many are deprived of infrastructure,
teachers and tools for training.

18. 11. Funds for Education: Pakistan spends approximately 2.5% of GDP on Education in 2013.
At National Level , 89% education expenditure comprises of current expenditure such as teachers
salaries , while only 11% comprise of development expenditure which is not adequate to raise
quality education. The graphical illustration of the percentage of GDP spend on education is as
follows:

19. Ways to Improve the Education System of Pakistan
 Implementation of National Education Policy:
The Government of Pakistan needs not only to implement the national education policy. but also increase the
spending of its GDP more on education and its development.
 Uniform curriculum in educational institutions:
The main issue that Pakistani education system lacks is uniformity in education system and its curriculum.
Although it may not be possible for the government to immediately change the education system in
Pakistan but they can initially introduce a uniform curriculum in their educational institutions. This step by the
government will not only provide equal opportunity to the students of rural areas to acquire quality
education and but also develop the ability to compete with the students of urban areas in the job market.
 Balanced approach Of Education:
In addition, considering the fact that the majority of Pakistani population resides in Rural areas and
access to education is difficult for them , it seems feasible that a balanced approach for formal and
informal education system should be adopted. Moreover, the Government as well as non government
organizations should work together for promoting education in Rural areas.
 Reacquiring Captured Buildings of Schools
Furthemore,The government should take steps to get school buildings vacated which are occupied by feudal
lords of Balochistan, Sindh and Punjab and also must ensure that proper education is being provided in
such schools. Also The Federal government should not only pay attention to training and vocational
institutes but it is important to make these training institutes more efficient and advanced ,so that the young
generation of Pakistan are able to compete and survive in the challenging market.

20.  Establishment of Special Policy Planning Units:
As Education is a provincial subject , the provincial education secretariats needs to be strengthened. Special Policy Planning units
should be established in 'provinces' education department for the formulation and implementation of any new policies whenever
needed. The provincial education department also needs to work out for the financial resources required for realizing the
compliance of Article 25-A (Right to Education).

21. Recommendations:
 Efforts should be made to change the Examination system in Pakistan from cramming to
intellectual learning and growth of the individuals residing in Pakistan.
 Highly qualified teachers should be hired by private and public school who focus on the students
development and test them on the basis of their performance not on the basis of memorization of
information or facts.
 By providing Economic incentives to the students such as subsidies , scholarship based on merit
or need etc may encourage the parents to send their children to school and it will also help in
reducing the dropout ratio.
 Technical Education should be made part of Secondary Education. Proper classes for Carpentry ,
Electrical and other technical education must be held and made part of the curriculum.
 Local Government system is helpful in promoting Education and Literacy in the country. As in such
a system , the funds for education are spent on need basis by the locality.
 Legislation and structures should be framed to plan for the promotion of Education in the country.
Also, Education policies should be designed in a way that ensures quality education.

22.  Counseling of parent is required so that they can choose a career for their child which is not only market-friendly
and in accordance with their child personal interest and passion.
 As Corruption in Education department is one of the reason for the low literacy rate , therefore, an effective
monitoring system need to be developed for the Education department.
 Unemployment of educated men and women is a major problem in Pakistan. Consequently, Career counseling of
School Pupils is necessary so that they are able to identify their actual potential and their passion .Not only this,
Counseling will help them understand the job market and they can develop their skills accordingly.
 Another factor to consider is the approach to acquire education. There are two approaches to acquire education .
One of them is the approach which is followed by many people in Pakistan is to get education to earn bread and
butter simply to satisfy basic necessities of life. The other approach is to acquire education for the sake of
personal development and learning.

23. State of Education in Provinces of Pakistan
Punjab
 Most populous provinces of Pakistan, consist of 56% of country’s population.
 Over 3.8 million illiterate people currently reside in Punjab.
 Millions of people over the age of 15 cannot read or write in any language.
 Only six districts in Punjab that have above 70pc literacy rate. They are Lahore,
Gujranwala, Rawalpindi, Chakwal and Gujrat.
 Improvements have been seen at the primary level.

24. Sindh
 Population of over 25 million people, Sindh can be called the most populated
province of Pakistan.
 Literacy rates are below 50 percent in rural areas.
 Besides Karachi, Hyderabad, Mirpur Khas, Larkana and Jamshoro are a few other
cities that can see a reasonable amount of literacy rate.
 Many children are deprived of education due to which a greater percentage of child
labor.

25. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
 Increasing security threats
 Overall literacy rate in this province is 50%. Peshawar has number of private and public schools.
 Other major cities such as Mansehra, Mardana and Mingora are still deprived of a proper educational system.

26.  Always had hardships in building school based amenities.
 Just over one-quarter (28%) of the population 10 years and over is literate,
with males 39% and females 16%.
 The barren land plays the role of a barrier in most of the cities resulting in a
very poor literacy rate.
 Government must look into this

27. Statistics on Pakistan’s Education System
Out-of-school children

28. Public and Private Distribution of Enrolment, Institutions and Teachers in Pakistan (%)

29. Gender-wise Distribution of Enrolment and Teachers in Pakistan (%)

30. School enrolment according to level (millions)

31. Number of Students in Higher Secondary Schools/Inter Colleges and Degree Colleges

32. Comparison of the Number of Primary and Middle Institutes for the Past Six Years

33. Effectiveness of the Education System
Total Population and Out-of-school Children (OOSC) During Past Five Years (millions)

34. Distribution of Out of School Children by Gender and Province (%)

35. Scholarships
 Need-based scholarships
 Merit scholarships
 School-based individual scholarships

36. Where does our quality of
education stands globally?
• The country is facing significant challenges.
• The education system adopted from colonial
authorities.
• Pakistan’s current educational system does not
equip students to counter the prevailing
narratives in the society.
• There is a need to develop new curriculum and
qualifications for the Pakistan market
• Pakistan has the weakest higher education
system in the world according to Quacquarelli
Symonds (QS) ranking.

37. Which globally accepted systems are we
offering?
 There are several globally accepted education systems that Pakistan is following,
including Cambridge System, Ed excel and IB.
 Two of the UK’s examination boards provide suites of qualifications that have
been developed specifically for the overseas market.
 CIE is a division of Cambridge Assessment, a department of the University of
Cambridge and a not-for-profit organization.
 Edexcel has been owned and operated by Pearson Education Limited since 2005