Symfony Guard Authentication: Fun with API Token, Social Login, JWT and more

Guard Authentication:
Powerful, Beautiful Security
by your friend:
Ryan Weaver
@weaverryan

KnpUniversity.com

github.com/weaverryan
Who is this guy?
> Lead for the Symfony documentation 
> KnpLabs US - Symfony Consulting,

training & general Kumbaya

> Writer for KnpUniversity.com Tutorials
> Husband of the much more

talented @leannapelham

What’s the hardest

part of Symfony?
@weaverryan

Authentication*
Who are you?
@weaverryan
*I am hard

Authorization
Do you have access to do X?
@weaverryan

Authentication

in Symfony sucks?
@weaverryan

1) Grab information from
the request
@weaverryan

3) Validate if the
credentials are valid
@weaverryan

4) authentication success…
now what?
@weaverryan

5) authentication failure …

dang, now what?!
@weaverryan

6) How do we “ask” the
user to login?
@weaverryan

6 Steps

5 Diﬀerent Classes
@weaverryan

security: 
firewalls: 
main: 
anonymous: ~ 
logout: ~ 
 
form_login: ~ 
http_basic: ~ 
some_invented_system_i_created: ~ 
Each activates a system of these 5 classes
@weaverryan

interface GuardAuthenticatorInterface 
{ 
public function getCredentials(Request $request); 
 
public function getUser($credentials, $userProvider); 
 
public function checkCredentials($credentials, UserInterface $user); 
 
public function onAuthenticationFailure(Request $request); 
 
public function onAuthenticationSuccess(Request $request, $token); 
public function start(Request $request);
 
public function supportsRememberMe(); 
} 
@weaverryan

You still have to do work!
@weaverryan
and wear sunscreen!

But it will be simple
@weaverryan
https://github.com/knpuniversity/guard-presentation

You need a User class
(This has nothing to

do with Guard)
@weaverryan
☼

@weaverryan
use SymfonyComponentSecurityCoreUserUserInterface; 
 
class User implements UserInterface 
{ 
 
}

{ 
private $username; 
 
public function __construct($username) 
{ 
$this->username = $username; 
} 
 
public function getUsername() 
{ 
return $this->username; 
} 
 
public function getRoles() 
{ 
return ['ROLE_USER']; 
} 
 
// … 
}
a unique identiﬁer

(not really used anywhere)

@weaverryan
{ 
// …
 
public function getPassword() 
{ 
} 
public function getSalt() 
{ 
} 
public function eraseCredentials() 
{ 
} 
}
These are only used for users that

have an encoded password

The Hardest Example Ever:
Form Login
@weaverryan
☼ ☼

A traditional login form
setup
@weaverryan

class SecurityController extends Controller 
{ 
/** 
* @Route("/login", name="security_login") 
*/ 
public function loginAction() 
{ 
return $this->render('security/login.html.twig'); 
} 
 
/** 
* @Route("/login_check", name="login_check") 
*/ 
public function loginCheckAction() 
{ 
// will never be executed 
} 
}

<form action="{{ path('login_check') }}” method="post"> 
<div> 
<label for="username">Username</label> 
<input name="_username" /> 
</div> 
 
<div> 
<label for="password">Password:</label> 
<input type="password" name="_password" /> 
</div> 
 
<button type="submit">Login</button> 
</form>

Let’s create an
authenticator!
@weaverryan

class FormLoginAuthenticator extends AbstractGuardAuthenticator 
{ 
public function getCredentials(Request $request) 
{ 
} 
 
public function getUser($credentials, UserProviderInterface $userProvider) 
{ 
} 
 
public function checkCredentials($credentials, UserInterface $user) 
{ 
} 
 
public function onAuthenticationFailure(Request $request) 
{ 
} 
 
public function onAuthenticationSuccess(Request $request, TokenInterface $token) 
{ 
} 
 
public function start(Request $request, AuthenticationException $e = null) 
{ 
} 
 
public function supportsRememberMe() 
{ 
} 
}

{ 
if ($request->getPathInfo() != '/login_check') { 
return; 
} 
 
return [ 
'username' => $request->request->get('_username'), 
'password' => $request->request->get('_password'), 
]; 
}
Grab the “login” credentials!
@weaverryan

{ 
$username = $credentials['username']; 
 
$user = new User(); 
$user->setUsername($username); 
 
return $user; 
}
Create/Load that User!
@weaverryan

{ 
$password = $credentials['password']; 
if ($password == 'santa' || $password == 'elves') { 
return; 
} 
 
return true; 
}
Are the credentials correct?
@weaverryan

public function onAuthenticationFailure(Request $request,
AuthenticationException $exception) 
{ 
$url = $this->router->generate('security_login'); 
 
return new RedirectResponse($url); 
}
Crap! Auth failed! Now what!?
@weaverryan

public function onAuthenticationSuccess(Request $request,
TokenInterface $token, $providerKey) 
{ 
$url = $this->router->generate('homepage'); 
 
}
Amazing. Auth worked. Now what?
@weaverryan

public function start(Request $request) 
{ 
$url = $this->router->generate('security_login'); 
 
}
Anonymous user went to /admin

now what?
@weaverryan

Register as a service
services: 
form_login_authenticator: 
class: AppBundleSecurityFormLoginAuthenticator 
autowire: true 
@weaverryan

Activate in your ﬁrewall
security: 
firewalls: 
main: 
anonymous: ~ 
logout: ~ 
guard: 
authenticators: 
- form_login_authenticator
@weaverryan

User Providers
(This has nothing to

do with Guard)
@weaverryan
☼☼ ☼

Each App has a User class
@weaverryan
And the Christmas spirit

Each User Class Needs 1
User Provider
@weaverryan

class SunnyUserProvider implements UserProviderInterface 
{ 
public function loadUserByUsername($username) 
{ 
// "load" the user - e.g. load from the db 
 
return $user; 
} 
 
public function refreshUser(UserInterface $user) 
{ 
return $user; 
} 
 
public function supportsClass($class) 
{ 
return $class == 'AppBundleEntityUser'; 
} 
}

services: 
sunny_user_provider: 
class: AppBundleSecuritySunnyUserProvider 
@weaverryan

security: 
providers: 
sunnny_users: 
id: sunny_user_provider 
 
firewalls: 
main: 
anonymous: ~ 
logout: ~ 
# this is optional as there is only 1 provider 
provider: sunny_users 
guard: 
authenticators: [form_login_authenticator] 
Boom!
Optional Boom!

{ 
{ 
 
return $user; 
} 
 
{ 
return $user; 
} 
 
{ 
} 
}
But why!?

{ 
{ 
 
return $user; 
} 
 
{ 
return $user; 
} 
 
{ 
} 
}
refresh from the session

{ 
{ 
 
return $user; 
} 
 
{ 
return $user; 
} 
 
{ 
} 
}
switch_user, remember_me

Slightly more sunshiney:
Loading a User from the Database
@weaverryan

{ 
$username = $credentials['username']; 
//return $userProvider->loadUserByUsername($username); 
 
return $this->em 
->getRepository('AppBundle:User') 
->findOneBy(['username' => $username]); 
}
FormLoginAuthenticator
you can use this if
you want to
… or don’t!

{ 
{ 
$user = $this->em->getRepository('AppBundle:User') 
 
if (!$user) { 
throw new UsernameNotFoundException(); 
} 
 
return $user; 
} 
}
@weaverryan
(of course, the “entity” user
provider does this automatically)

Easiest Example ever:
Api (JWT) Authentication
@weaverryan
Warmest

JSON Web Tokens
@weaverryan
Q) What if an API client could simply
send you its user id as authentication?
Authorization: Bearer 123

1) API client authenticates
API client
Hey dude, I’m weaverryan
POST /token
username=weaverryan
password=I<3php
app

2) Is this really weaverryan?
API client
“It checks out, weaverryan’s
password really is I<3php. Nerd”
POST /token
username=weaverryan
password=I<3php
app

3) Create a package of data
API client app
$data = [ 
'username' => 'weaverryan' 
];

4) Sign the data!
$data = [ 
'username' => 'weaverryan' 
]; 
 
// package: namshi/jose 
$jws = new SimpleJWS(['alg' => 'RS256']); 
$jws->setPayload($data); 
 
$privateKey = openssl_pkey_get_private( 
'file://path/to/private.key' 
); 
$jws->sign($privateKey); 
 
$token = $jws->getTokenString()

5) Send the token back!
API client app
{ 
"token": "big_long_json_webtoken" 
}
POST /token
username=weaverryan
password=I<3php

6) Client sends the token
API client app
GET /secret/stuﬀ
Authorization: Bearer big_login_json_webtoken

7) Verify the signature
// "Authorization: Bearer 123" -> "123" 
$authHeader = $request->headers->get('Authorization');
$headerParts = explode(' ', $authHeader); 
$token = $headerParts[1]; 
 
$jws = SimpleJWS::load($token); 
$public_key = openssl_pkey_get_public( 
'/path/to/public.key' 
); 
if (!$jws->isValid($public_key, 'RS256')) { 
die('go away >:(') 
}

8) Decode the token
 
$payload = $jws->getPayload(); 
 
$username = $payload['username'];

@weaverryan
1) Install a library to help sign tokens
composer require lexik/jwt-authentication-bundle

@weaverryan
2) Create a public & private key
mkdir var/jwt
openssl genrsa -out var/jwt/private.pem 4096
openssl rsa -pubout -in var/jwt/private.pem
-out var/jwt/public.pem

@weaverryan
3) Point the library at them
# app/config/config.yml 
lexik_jwt_authentication: 
private_key_path: %kernel.root_dir%/../var/jwt/private.pem 
public_key_path: %kernel.root_dir%/../var/jwt/public.pem

4) Endpoint to return tokens
/** 
* @Route("/token") 
*/ 
public function fetchToken(Request $request) 
{ 
$username = $request->request->get('username'); 
$password = $request->request->get('password'); 
 
$user = $this->getDoctrine() 
if (!$user) { 
throw $this->createNotFoundException(); 
} 
 
// check password 
 
$token = $this->get('lexik_jwt_authentication.encoder') 
->encode(['username' => $user->getUsername()]); 
 
return new JsonResponse(['token' => $token]); 
}

5) Create the JWT Authenticator

class JwtAuthenticator extends AbstractGuardAuthenticator 
{
private $em; 
private $jwtEncoder; 
 
public function __construct(EntityManager $em, JWTEncoder $jwtEncoder) 
{ 
$this->em = $em; 
$this->jwtEncoder = $jwtEncoder; 
}
 
{ 
} 
 
{ 
} 
 
{ 
} 
 
{ 
} 
 
{ 
} 
 
// … 
}

{ 
$extractor = new AuthorizationHeaderTokenExtractor( 
'Bearer', 
'Authorization' 
); 
 
$token = $extractor->extract($request); 
 
if (false === $token) { 
return; 
} 
 
return $token; 
}
@weaverryan

{ 
$data = $this->jwtEncoder->decode($credentials); 
 
if (!$data) { 
return; 
} 
 
$username = $data['username']; 
 
return $this->em 
}
@weaverryan

{ 
// no credentials to check 
return true; 
} 
@weaverryan

{ 
return new JsonResponse([ 
'message' => $exception->getMessageKey() 
], 401); 
}
@weaverryan

public function onAuthenticationSuccess(Request $request,
TokenInterface $token, $providerKey) 
{ 
// let the request continue to the controller 
return; 
}
@weaverryan

Register as a service
# app/config/services.yml 
services: 
jwt_authenticator: 
class: AppBundleSecurityJwtAuthenticator 
autowire: true
@weaverryan

Activate in your ﬁrewall
security: 
# ... 
firewalls: 
main: 
# ... 
guard: 
authenticators: 
- form_login_authenticator 
- jwt_authenticator 
entry_point: form_login_authenticator 
which “start” method should be called

curl http://localhost:8000/secure
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="1;url=/login" />
<title>Redirecting to /login</title>
</head>
<body>
Redirecting to <a href="/login">/login</a>.
</body>
</html>
@weaverryan

curl

--header “Authorization: Bearer BAD"

http://localhost:8000/secure
{"message":"Username could not be found."}
@weaverryan

curl

--header “Authorization: Bearer GOOD"

http://localhost:8000/secure
{"message":"Hello from the secureAction!"}
@weaverryan

AUTHENTICATOR
/facebook/check?code=abc
give me user info!
load a User object
User

composer require
league/oauth2-facebook
knpuniversity/oauth2-client-bundle
@weaverryan

@weaverryan
# app/config/config.yml 
knpu_oauth2_client: 
clients: 
# creates service: "knpu.oauth2.client.facebook" 
facebook: 
type: facebook 
client_id: %facebook_client_id% 
client_secret: %facebook_client_secret% 
redirect_route: connect_facebook_check 
graph_api_version: v2.5

@weaverryan
/** 
* @Route("/connect/facebook", name="connect_facebook") 
*/ 
public function connectFacebookAction() 
{ 
return $this->get('knpu.oauth2.client.facebook') 
->redirect(['public_profile', 'email']); 
} 
 
/** 
* @Route("/connect/facebook-check", name="connect_facebook_check") 
*/ 
public function connectFacebookActionCheck() 
{ 
// will not be reached! 
}

class FacebookAuthenticator extends AbstractGuardAuthenticator 
{ 
{ 
} 
 
{ 
} 
 
{ 
} 
 
{ 
} 
 
{ 
} 
 
public function start(Request $request, AuthenticationException $e = null) 
{ 
} 
 
public function supportsRememberMe() 
{ 
} 
}

{ 
if ($request->getPathInfo() != '/connect/facebook-check') { 
return; 
} 
 
return $this->oAuth2Client->getAccessToken($request); 
}
@weaverryan

public function getUser($credentials, …) 
{ 
/** @var AccessToken $accessToken */ 
$accessToken = $credentials; 
 
/** @var FacebookUser $facebookUser */ 
$facebookUser = $this->oAuth2Client 
->fetchUserFromToken($accessToken); 
 
// ... 
}
@weaverryan

Now, relax in the shade!
@weaverryan

@weaverryan
public function getUser($credentials, ...) 
{ 
// ... 
 
/** @var FacebookUser $facebookUser */ 
$facebookUser = $this->oAuth2Client 
->fetchUserFromToken($accessToken); 
 
// 1) have they logged in with Facebook before? Easy! 
$user = $this->em->getRepository('AppBundle:User') 
->findOneBy(array('email' => $facebookUser->getEmail())); 
 
if ($user) { 
return $user; 
} 
 
// ... 
}

{ 
// ... 
 
// 2) no user? Perhaps you just want to create one 
// (or redirect to a registration) 
$user->setUsername($facebookUser->getName()); 
$user->setEmail($facebookUser->getEmail()); 
$em->persist($user); 
$em->flush();
return $user; 
}
@weaverryan

{ 
// nothing to do here! 
} 
 
public function onAuthenticationFailure(Request $request ...) 
{ 
// redirect to login 
} 
 
public function onAuthenticationSuccess(Request $request ...) 
{ 
// redirect to homepage / last page 
}
@weaverryan

* also supports “ﬁnishing registration”
@weaverryan

Extra Sunshine

(no sunburn)
@weaverryan

Can I control the
error message?
@weaverryan

@weaverryan
If authentication failed, it is because

an AuthenticationException

(or sub-class) was thrown
(This has nothing to do with Guard)

{ 
return new JsonResponse([ 
'message' => $exception->getMessageKey() 
], 401); 
}
@weaverryan
Beach Vacation Bonus! The exception is passed

when authentication fails
AuthenticationException has a hardcoded

getMessageKey() “safe” string
Invalid
credentials.

{ 
} 
 
{ 
} 
 
{ 
} 
Throw an AuthenticationException at any

time in these 3 methods

How can I customize the message?
@weaverryan
Create a new sub-class of
AuthenticationException for each message
and override getMessageKey()

CustomUserMessageAuthenticationException
@weaverryan

{ 
$apiToken = $credentials; 
 
$user = $this->em 
->findOneBy(['apiToken' => $apiToken]); 
 
if (!$user) { 
throw new CustomUserMessageAuthenticationException( 
'That API token is stormy' 
); 
} 
 
return $user; 
}
@weaverryan

I need to manually
authenticate my user
@weaverryan

public function registerAction(Request $request) 
{ 
$form = // ... 
 
if ($form->isValid()) { 
// save the user 
 
$guardHandler = $this->container 
->get('security.authentication.guard_handler'); 
 
$guardHandler->authenticateUserAndHandleSuccess( 
$user, 
$request, 
$this->get('form_login_authenticator'), 
'main' // the name of your firewall 
); 
// redirect 
} 
// ... 
}

I want to save a
lastLoggedInAt
ﬁeld on my user no
matter *how* they login
@weaverryan

Chill… that was already
possible
SecurityEvents::INTERACTIVE_LOGIN
@weaverryan

class LastLoginSubscriber implements EventSubscriberInterface 
{ 
public function onInteractiveLogin(InteractiveLoginEvent $event) 
{ 
/** @var User $user */ 
$user = $event->getAuthenticationToken()->getUser(); 
$user->setLastLoginTime(new DateTime()); 
$this->em->persist($user); 
$this->em->flush($user); 
} 
 
public static function getSubscribedEvents() 
{ 
return [ 
SecurityEvents::INTERACTIVE_LOGIN => 'onInteractiveLogin' 
]; 
} 
} 
@weaverryan

@weaverryan
Ok, so how do I make
my weird auth system?

1. User implements UserInterface
@weaverryan

3. Create your authenticator(s)
@weaverryan

@weaverryan
Do it:
http://symfony.com/doc/current/cookbook/security/guard-authentication.html
http://KnpUniversity.com/guard

@weaverryan
New (free) Symfony 3 Tutorial
KnpUniversity.com
Thank You!

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