1) The document discusses challenges with 3D visualization of geographic and mapping data compared to traditional 2D representations. 2) Specifically, it notes that symbols used in 2D maps do not always translate well to 3D environments and questions whether a single symbol set can represent information effectively in both 2D and 3D. 3) The document explores issues with scales, perspectives, lighting and other factors that make consistent representation of symbols across dimensions difficult.

1. The Power
of the
Image
2011
3D visualisation of geography is easy;
how about 3D visualisation of information?
Richard Goodman
10 June 2011

2. The Power
of the
Image What am I talking about?
2011
“Cartographers have spent millennia fine tuning beautiful
and practical symbology for the 2D, vertical
representation of geographic and human features.
Recently, computer game programmers have given us
the 3D visualisation environment, into which the existing
symbology is often pushed. However, these symbols
often do not stand up (literally) to the visual rigors of this
new environment. Can one symbol set deliver a
practical and beautiful representation of its information
in both the 2D and 3D views? If not, how can the same
mapping data be viewed in these different environments
without duplicating the data? Using some of the most
modern visualisation tools to demonstrate different
symbol displays from utilities, defence and government
mapping applications.”

3. “PROPER MAPPING”

4. The Power Introduction
of the
Image
2011

5. 3D GETS NOTICED

6. The Power 3D explosion
of the
Image
2011

7. PLA IN 3D

8. The Power Point features
of the
Image
2011

9. The Power Point features
of the
Image
2011

10. The Power Point features
of the
Image
2011

11. The Power Point features
of the
Image
2011

12. The Power Point features
of the
Image
2011

13. The Power Point features
of the
Image
2011

14. The Power Point features
of the
Image
2011

15. The Power Point features
of the
Image
2011

16. The Power Area Features
of the
Image
2011

17. The Power Area Features
of the
Image
2011

18. The Power Linear Features
of the
Image
2011

19. The Power Linear Features
of the
Image
2011

20. SYMBOL ISSUES IN 3D

21. The Power Scale
of the
Image
2011

22. The Power Scale
of the
Image
2011

23. The Power Scale
of the
Image
2011

24. The Power Perspective
of the
Image
2011

25. The Power Perspective
of the
Image
2011

26. The Power Perspective
of the
Image
2011

27. The Power Symbol Background
of the
Image
2011

28. The Power Symbol Background
of the
Image
2011

29. The Power Other issues
of the
Image
2011 Lighting of symbols
Atmospheric effects
Scaling & reality of symbol models
Model origin

30. The Power 3D Symbol standards?
of the
Image
2011
Mil 2525c
Home Office Civil Contingency Common
Symbology
Ordnance Survey
OGC – extend Styled Layer Descriptors (SLD)
(OGC 09-042)

31. The Power
of the
Image
2011

32. The Power
of the
Image
2011
Richard Goodman
Principal Application Engineer
Security, Government & Infrastructure
Intergraph (UK) Ltd
Delta Business Park
Swindon SN5 7XP
M +44 (0)7977 256846
F +44 (0)1793 694999
richard.goodman@intergraph.com
www.intergraph.co.uk

33. The Power References
of the
Image OGC – extend Styled Layer Descriptors (SLD) (OGC 09-
2011 042)
Pegg, http://lazarus.elte.hu/cet/academic/pegg.pdf, Design
Issues with 3D Maps and the Need for 3D Cartographic
Design Principles
http://www.lockheedmartin.com/products/Infoscene/Explori
ngInfoscene.html