Electrical Vehicle (EV)

1
Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul
Chairman, Board of Director of Innovation Group March 2017

Thailand
Economy
Green Economy
Technology
Finance & F/X
Politicians
Local Politicians
Social Changes
Globalization and Trade Regulations
NBT
Consumer’s
behavior
“Something new and
better
Global
Warming
Environmental ControlGreen Technology
Political Transparency
Government
Offices
Local influencers
3D Printing
Bio-Engineering
Digital Technology and
Robotic
Digital
Communications
Unbalance of incomes
Aging
People
Urbanization
Multi-nationalitiesLabor mobility
2Dr.Banja JunhasavasdikulInnovation Group (Thailand)

http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/technology/transportation/electric-cars/
Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Battery Electrical Vehicle(BEV)
 BEV is an electric car that is propelled by electric motors, using electrical energy stored in rechargeable batteries.
 Electric motor are more quite than ICE and generate much lower heat and pollutants.
 Not only Internal combustion engine but fuel system are not necessary also for BEV.
Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vs. Battery Electrical Vehicle (BEV)
Electric cars are a variety of electric vehicle (EV). The term "electric vehicle" refers to any vehicle
that uses electric motors for propulsion.
Innovation Group (Thailand) Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul 3

Why
Electric
Vehicles??
The Transport sector
is responsible for one
quarter of total
Greenhouse Gas
(GHG) Emissions
Major Emmissions of
Pollution – especially
in Megacities
(Urbanisation)
One Quarter of total
consumption of fossil
raw materials
Noise Pollution

Losses : about 40% hot exhaust
gases
20% motor cooling
(water)
10% motor cooling
(radiation, convection)
10% other losses
Energy Efficiency
ICE
20 % propulsion
Energy Efficiency
EV
85 % propulsion
Losses : about 5% battery
10% other losses

 Today oil demand is 92.4 mbd and automotive accounts for 75% of oil product
consumption in transporting system or 50% of final oil consumption
 By 2023, w/w will consume 100 mbd of oil, EV could replace 2 mbd of oil
demand as early as 2023
 China is the strongest growing country in EV
 Current price of battery in mid-sized car cost $ 15,000. makes EV car very
expensive. But price of battery is coming down.
 While cost of producing ICE to meet environmental controlling standard will
becoming more expensive than EV which meet the standard

HEV
FCEV
PHEV
EREV
HEV: Hybrid Electric Vehicle PHEV: Plug-in Hybrid Electric vehicle BEV: Battery Electric Vehicle
EREV: Extended Range Electric Vehicle FCEV: Fuel cell Electric Vehicle
BEV

HEV PHEV BEV EREV FCEV
Engine Y Y N N Fuel cell
Regen.
brake
Y Y Y Y Y
External N Y Y Y N
Engine
M/G
Battery
Fuel tank
Engine
Fuel tank
M/G
Battery
Engine
Fuel tank
M/G
Battery
M/G
Battery
Fuel cell
M/G
Battery
H2 tank
Charged by
engine/fuel
cell
Charged by
regenerative
braking
Charged by
external
power source
Large battery capacity for long range travelling -> Charging by external power
source is definitely necessary

AC (Normal and fast charge) DC (Quick charge)
Phase/Voltage 1 P/230 V 3 P/400 V -/400-500 V
Power 3.3-7.4 kW 10-43 kW ≥ 50 kW
Charging time
(Ex. Battery capacity 24 kWh)
3-7 hr.
(Full charge)
0.5-2 hr.
(Full charge)
< 30 min.
(80% charge only)

Global cumulative number of PEVs* (BEV+PHEV) has reached 1.2 millions in 2015
PEVs
BEV
1 million
*PEVs: Plug-in Electric Vehicles (BEV + PHEV)

Global cumulative number of EV charging outlets, 2010-2015, has reached
1.45 millions outlets.
• As of 2015,the numbers of private charger are 1.3 millions outlets, publicly low charger are ∼162,000 outlets and publicly
fast charger are ∼28,000 outlets respectively.
• Top 3 countries: US, China and Japan
Note: Slow chargers include AC
chargers with charging power
≤22 kW. Fast chargers include
AC chargers with charging power
43 kW, DC chargers, Tesla
Superchargers and inductive
chargers.
(thousands)

Level Target Scope Type Tool
• National
• State/
provincial
• Municipal
• Private
customers
• Industry
• Public sector
• Vehicle
• Charging
infrastructure
• Financial
• Target/bans/
mandates
• Public
procurement
• Others
• Fiscal-Tax
incentive/
penalty
• Direct financial
subsidy
• Mandates
&Targets
• Product
standards
• Public
expenditure
• Electricity
rates
• Etc.
A key driver to boost the EV ecosystem – THE POLICY
Ex:
A federal funding programme that contributed to 36,500 publicly accessible charging
outlets in place in 2015.
A partnership with a retailer for the installation of 500 fast chargers and 650 standards
chargers at its stores, providing 2/3 of funding.
From March 2015, the CH government has mandated that parking spaces in new
residential bldg. & at least 10% of public parking should have EV charging infrastructure.

*Hawkins, Troy R.; Singh, Bhawna; Majeau-Bettez, Guillaume; Strømman, Anders Hammer (February 2012).
"Comparative Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Conventional and Electric Vehicles". Journal of
Industrial Ecology. 17 (1): 53–64
 High cost of Li-ion battery. Besides Li, Cd is relatively expensive and
toxic.
 Critical Raw Materials (Rare Earths (for example neodymium,
dysprosium; Special Metals etc.) – many of them not available in
Europe
 Range small compared to ICE cars and temperature dependant
 Low Comfort Level (Heating ; other energy consumers..)
 Long Loading Times

Mobility of the
Future
Shared
Mobility
Connected
Autonomous
Driving
E-Mobility

Emerging new service platforms of
transportation is customized and
convenient for consumers.
Driverless system must be relied on
safety and convenient in driving
including effectively connecting with
other cars.
Car Emission would be reduced with
electrification system both vehicle
technologies (PHEV/BEV) and traffic
management in urban areas.
Infrastructure and
transportation should
support digital driving
system.
Connectivity in supply
chain by digital system will
come into play.
Share services
Autonomous or
self-driving vehicle
Automotive Industry
of the Future
Green mobility
Digitalization of automotive
products and process
management
1 2
3
4
Source : Mckinsey & Company , Mercedes-Benz , PWC

Expected
Cost
2015 2020 2025 2030
100 € / kWh EV >=
conventional
150 € / kWh HV
battery system
costs
200 – 300
€ / kWh
HV battery
system costs
Conventional
powertrain costs
Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul 21Innovation Group (Thailand)

Drivetrain now
Diesel Gasoline
Hybrid
eDrive
Future

S-Class GLE GLC GLC COUPE
C-Class EstateC-Class E-ClassC-Class LWB
2014 20162015

100%
EV Share
Mercedes-Benz Cars
Sales 2025
Greater
China
NAFTA
WEU
Highest Potential EV
Share Mercedes-Benz
Cars 2025
Ready for the market
50%
15%
25%
25Innovation Group (Thailand)

B 250 eSLS AMG
Coupé Electric
Drive
smart fortwo
electric drive
smart electric drive -
fortwo and forfour
Mercedes-Benz GLC F-CELL
Battery-electric vehicle
with up to 500 km range
Intelligent EV-Architecture

2010: Underfloor package
206 g Platinum
4 kW / m2 active area Screw
compressor
2017: Compartment
package
20 g Platinum
9 kW / m2 active area
Electric turbo charger with
turbine
reduction of
Platinum
30%
30%
higher mileage
reduction fuel
cell engine size
higher electric
range in future
vehicles
90%
40%

AC Charging
DC Charging Inductive Charging

Electric Vehicle
Charging Infrastructure
Digital Services
Friends
Airport
Super market
Stadium
Cinema
Bakery
Parking lot
Restaurant
Park
Private trip
Daily
business
Holidays
POI
Zoo
Mall
Parking lot
Parking lot
Gym
Rest stop
Customer
requirements
available fast
intelligent
comfortable
@home
highway
public
@work

2nd plant start of operations:
mid 2018
Production of Li-Ion batteries
for hybrid as well as electric
vehicles and energy storage
systems
Production space stocked up
from 20,000 to 60,000 m2
Extension
Deutsche ACCUMOTIVE GmbH & Co.
KG, Kamenz, Germany

EV needs light martials for its chassis and body. Aluminum alloys
and carbon composites are replacing heavy steel
Li-ion battery uses Li as the anode. Graphite as the cathode .
Li is sensitive to air and moisture to ignite.
Copper will be heavily consumed , 80 kilos per car. If in 2035, 140
million EV on the road ( 8% of total fleets of light vehicles). EV will
consume 1/3 of total global copper demand .
By 2025, . EV could replace 2 million barrel a day of oil demand and
increasing (w/w will consume 100 million barrel of oil per day)

Lithium-ion batteries are main battery for all
rechargeable applications from cell phones to electrical
cars to renewable energy farm.
Graphite is used in the other electrode 99.9%) purity as
anode-grade. Graphene is ideal for use in in battery
because of its net-like structure that allow Li atoms
through, speeding up charge and discharge times.
Most Li-ion battery contain graphite 55% more than Li
(55 pounds in large EV battery)

Lithium Cobalt Oxide ( 60% Co has highest density, using
mainly in cell phone and lab top)
Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide(10-20% Co has
lower density but can handle larger energy loading and
makes it safer in large batteries in EV)
And finally Lithium NickleCobalt Aluminium Oxide ( 9%
Co, lower density, high load battery , good for large scale
project )
Co is found in mining of Ni. Cobalite ( CoAsS) is
important deposite in Congo. Mining of Co causes
poisonous of Arsenic to steam and Arsenic fume in
smelting

World is looking to use non-Cobalt in Li compound
Li-battery station provides peak hour electrical power
plant to cover times of excess demand..300 megawatts
of battery storage is building in California.

Tier 2 & 3Tier 1Assembly Group
Auto parts Producers 450,000 people
Supporting Industries 100,000 people
Car and Pickup truck
Assembly
17 companies,
23 firms
Motorcycle
Assembly
8 Companies
8 firms
Small and Medium
Auto parts producers
(1,700 companies)
Stamping, plastics, rubber, machining,
casting, forging, function, electrical,
trimming
Engines, Drivetrains, Steering, Suspension,
Brake Wheel, Tire, Bodyworks,
Interiors, Electronics Systems
Auto parts Producers
(386 companies)
Motorcycle parts Producers
(201 companies)
*Car Assembly
100,000 people
•Distributor,
•Service center
200,000 people
Cluster structure and supply chain in Thailand automotive industry
- Distribution W/H
- Finance
- Assess
- Specific Adviser
- Logistic
- Leasing, Banking
Entrepreneur Associations and
Institutions
Academic and Technical
Institution
Government
Upstream industries
Iron and Steel, Plastics, Rubber, Electronics, glass and mirror,
Textile and Leather, Petrochemical, Painting and Coating
Policy group and supporting organizations
Services
industries
Supporting industries
Machinery, Tools and Mechanical devices, Molding etc.
World
Ranking
12th
Production
Base
Target
More than 2,500 companies

42
THAILAND AUTOMOTIVE
AND MOTORCYCLE
EXPORT VALUE
(MILLION BAHT)
Export value of Thailand automotive and auto parts industries
THAILAND AUTO PARTS
EXPORT VALUE
(MILLION BAHT)
2015 Total export value
1.2 Trillion Baht
Source : TAI/ TAPMA
MB.
MB.

 Thai automotive production is close to 2 million cars. It is the 12th world’s car
production of 91 million cars.
 It accounts to almost 1.5 trillion baht in total value chain.
 Always, Automotive industry is key driver in development of
steel, petrochemical and rubber industries.
 Automotive and tire industries consume 65% of total rubber. And Thailand
is the largest NR producer, at 4.5 mil. tons.
 65% of Innovation Group’s revenue is generated from products and service
to automotive industry.

Weather strip
Grommet

Brake-Clutch parts
Anti vibration parts
Hoses and Fuel Hoses
Engine Mount
Dustproof cover
Bush
Oil Seal
Intake hoses

WEATHERSTRIPS
HOSES
GASKETSWIPER BLADE
BELTS
CUSHION BOOTS
GROMMETS
ANTI-VIBRATIONS
O-RING

Comparison of RM cost for ICE vs. BEV
Part Weigth (g) Kind of Rubber
RM cost (� / car)
ICE BEV
wind shield & weather strip 4,300 EPDM 390
Brake 250 EPDM 30
Air condition hose 220
EPDM , FKM
Polyamide
70
Grommet 410 EPDM 35
Wiper Blade 75 NR 10
O-Ring & Seal 120 NBR, EPDM 60
Brake 260 EPDM 35
Body Cushion 300 NR 30
Boot 1,000 EPDM, CR 130
Strut 2,000 NR 200
other rubber 200 NR, EPDM 20
Belt 400 CR/HNBR 60
Fuel hose 960 FKM, ECO, CSM 200
Power steering hose 900 FKM, CSM, CR 500
Air intake hose 500 ACM, ECO 175
Turbo charger 500 FKM/Silicone 300
Radiator hose 500 EPDM 100
Oil seal & gasket 240 NBR/FKM 240
Engine mount 410 NR/CR 40
Engine Cushion 515 NR 80
Total 2,705 1,010

 ICE car consists of rubber part for 14 kg
approximately (not including tires).
 BEV has no combustion engine and fuel
system. So, rubber part around an
engine, fuel transferring system and fuel tank
are not necessary.
 Discarding rubber part in engine and fuel
system, 70% of rubber part still be remained.
 However, those parts that disappear are the
high performance rubber parts which always
challenge technical development in rubber.
These rubber parts are high value products for
improvement of engine performance, bio-fuel
and environmental regulations
ICE BEV
Total weight of rubber part in car
wind shield & weather strip Cooling system
Brake Grommet
Wiper Blade Suspension
Anti-Vibration Others rubber
Engine Fuel system
30% Reduced
14 KGs

• Oil and high temperature resistant materials will decrease
in usage in BEV.
• Inflammable and high voltage resistant materials will be
required for the part that connect to electrical
equipment, motor and battery in BEV.
• Heat generated in motor and battery storage area is less
than ICE, rubber part is probably replaced by new
composite materials in plastic and rubber. “TPV” is a new
challenging materials will be using more in those areas.
Materials

Green Tires

Concept Tires

Goodyear’s
Round shaped Tire
for EV

No Flat Tire
No need to carry spare
Low rolling-resistance
Recyclable flexible materials
Applicable to heavy duty tires

tough materials of Polyurethane
and glass reinforced are used
Michelin X Tweel

Generate electric for EV
By converting friction
heat of tire and road and
tire flex into electric
It can also collect heat
from sun in hot air to
generate electric when
car is not running.

www.elastomer-polymer.com

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