1. CHAPTER 12
The French Revolution and
Napoléon
Section 1: The Roots of Revolution
Section 2: The French Revolution
Section 3: The French Republic
Section 4: The Napoléonic Era
Section 5: A Return to Peace
2. SECTION 1
The Roots of Revolution
12.1 Bell Ringer:
What factors caused each
estate to feel discontented?
First Estate
Second Estate
Bourgeoisie
Third Estate
(except bourgeoisie)
5. SECTION 1
The Roots of Revolution
Old Regime
term used to describe the society
of France before 1789
Society was divided into
three estates (classes)
15. SECTION 1
The Roots of Revolution
Factors of Discontent
• Population explosion – more people need more
food
• Food scarcity – several years of poor harvest
• Higher rents
• Inflation
• Class resentment
• No political power
• Inequality
17. SECTION 1
The Roots of Revolution
Marie Antoinette
daughter of the
Austrian Empress
Maria Theresa
18. SECTION 1
The Roots of Revolution
Louis tries to tax the first
two estates . . .
How do you think that
worked out?!?
Banks refused to give him
credit . . .
He calls a meeting of the
Estates General . . .
19. SECTION 1
The Roots of Revolution
Each estate had ONE vote –
So who do YOU think always
voted together?
The Third Estate wanted
the representatives to vote
as individuals.
Who would have the most
votes?
20. SECTION 1
The Roots of Revolution
Louis instructed
them to vote as
one body …
and locked the
Third Estate out
when they
refused.
The Tennis Court
Oath
21. Political Cartoon
The Roots of Revolution
The Third
Estate
declares
Itself to be
the National
Assembly and
invites the
First and
Second
Estates to
join them.
22. SECTION 1
The Roots of Revolution
This marked
the true
beginning
of the
French
Revolution.
They would
write a
constitution
for France. Louis had no choice but to accept.
But he didn’t like it.
23. SECTION 1
The Roots of Revolution
As the National Assembly met,
Louis began to move troops
into Paris and Versailles.
Not a smart move …
24. SECTION 1
The Roots of Revolution
Most power
Least Power
Draw this graph and use it to show whom
the three estates represented and how
power was distributed.
25. SECTION 1
The Roots of Revolution
First Estate changing economic conditions,
political power in hands of kings
Second Estate changing economic conditions,
desire to protect their privileges
Bourgeoisie taxes, lack of political power
Third Estate high prices, taxes
(except bourgeoisie)
