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Measurement  and Error
In small groups... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Three shooters with three arrows each to shoot . Can you hit the bull's-eye? Both accurate and precise Precise but not accurate Neither accurate nor precise How do they compare? Can you define accuracy and precision based on the graphics above?
Some terminology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A group measurement task… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Types of Errors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
constant or proportional error… Constant error influences the  intercept . Proportional error influences the  slope .
Types of Errors continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
sampling preparation analysis Sources of Error Representative sample homogeneous vs.  heterogeneous Loss  Contamination (unwanted addition) Measurement  of Analyte Calibration of  Instrument or Standard solutions How about sampling a chocolate chip cookie?
How do you assess the total error? ,[object Object],[object Object]
Expressing accuracy and precision ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],precision accuracy
Accuracy and Precision The center of the target is the true value. Can’t hit the broad side of a barn! Gun barrel must be bent! Great shooting! Target shooters comments Neither accurate nor precise Precise only Both accurate and precise Nature of accuracy and precision
Both a & p P only Neither a nor p ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Scientific comments
Both a & p P only Neither a nor p Unacceptable Acceptable, the best that can be done without a true value Highly desired Status/rank ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Mathematical comments
[object Object],[object Object]
Standard Deviation of the… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A sampling activity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
When the chips are down! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],Population Sample In Excel, use STDEV under insert function, f x
Graphical methods ,[object Object],Most accurate and precise Worst precision Systematic error? CHM 103 webpage
[object Object],median range Large variation  Small variation
Let’s examine some results for two students analyzing two different CaCO 3  antacid tablets Which student has the more accurate results? Which student has the greater precision? True value 28 mg 20 mg Std. dev. 761 mg 463 mg Mean 750 mg 500 mg Label value Student 2 Student 1
%CV %Error How are we going to address these questions? What does the sign of the percent error tell you about the error? Student 2 Student 1 quantity
and always remember to… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Measurement

  • 2.
  • 3. Three shooters with three arrows each to shoot . Can you hit the bull's-eye? Both accurate and precise Precise but not accurate Neither accurate nor precise How do they compare? Can you define accuracy and precision based on the graphics above?
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8. constant or proportional error… Constant error influences the intercept . Proportional error influences the slope .
  • 9.
  • 10. sampling preparation analysis Sources of Error Representative sample homogeneous vs. heterogeneous Loss Contamination (unwanted addition) Measurement of Analyte Calibration of Instrument or Standard solutions How about sampling a chocolate chip cookie?
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13. Accuracy and Precision The center of the target is the true value. Can’t hit the broad side of a barn! Gun barrel must be bent! Great shooting! Target shooters comments Neither accurate nor precise Precise only Both accurate and precise Nature of accuracy and precision
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23. Let’s examine some results for two students analyzing two different CaCO 3 antacid tablets Which student has the more accurate results? Which student has the greater precision? True value 28 mg 20 mg Std. dev. 761 mg 463 mg Mean 750 mg 500 mg Label value Student 2 Student 1
  • 24. %CV %Error How are we going to address these questions? What does the sign of the percent error tell you about the error? Student 2 Student 1 quantity
  • 25.