6. Scheduled Desludging with Sanitation Tax
Cases: Philippines,
Vietnam and Indonesia
Dumaguete
• Population: 0.12 million
- about 75% septic tank
coverage)
• Service by Municipality
• Tariff: 2 pesos (USD 5
cents) per m3 of water
consumed
• Covers O&M and capital
costs in 8 years
San Fernando
• Population: 115,000
• Service by Private sector
• Fees through property
tax
Hai Phong
• Population: 1.8 million
• Service by state run
utility company
• Wastewater fee – 15%
surcharge added to the
water bill
• Water tariff of USD
0.29/m3 and daily
consumption of 0.54m3
• Recover O&M costs
Cost Recovery
• Town size 5,000 to 25,000
households
• Tariff of USD 1 per month per family
• Full cost recovery of both capital and
operations cost
9. Co-Composting
Case: Balangoda
Municipality, Sri Lanka
Waste: 12 ton MSW and
10 m3 fecal sludge
Capital: INR 2.1 crores
O&M: INR 85K/month
Revenue:
• FS collection: INR
1,800 to 2,000 per
trip
• Compost: INR 4 per
kg
• Recyclable & MSW
fees
10. Septage
Co-treatment
Co-treatment in existing
STP
Co-composting with
other organic waste
Standalone facility for
septage handling &
Disposal
- Sludge Drying Beds
- Mechanical
- Planted Gravel Filter
- DEWATS
- Lagoon
- Land Application
Septage Treatment Technology Options
11. Cost Recovery from Reuse
Case Example
Three neighboring towns in
Madhya Pradesh (population of
7,784 households)
• Fecal Sludge: about 40 m3
• MSW: 12.8 tons of MSW per
day
• Compost: 4.4 tons per day
• Sale price of compost in
India: INR 1,400 to INR 4,000
per ton
Cost Recovery
• User charges: INR 84 to 122 per household per month
• Reduction in user charges from sale of compost: INR 20 to INR 57 per month
(depending on the sale price)
12. Business
Models &
Cases
IWMI Business Model RRR
Catalogue
• Waste: MSW, FS, Agro-
industry waste and
Wastewater
• More than 150 business
cases and 20 business
models
• On FSM – 18 business
models
Dumaguete - seven trucks of each 3m3. reported receiving 100% of the sludge of the planned desludged septic tanks. capital cost for the collection, transport and treatment borne by the water district and LGU.
San Fernando - Only households compliant with their property tax payment received desludging service. The process also resulted in lowered desludging charges from as high as USD 133 to below USD 66 per desludged tank. The private truck operators were in agreement for lowered fees as this process resulted in steady business for them than they were previously able to obtain. The reason to charge desludging fee through property tax over sanitation surcharge on water bills was the city had less than 50% of the population covered by water utility in comparison to a much larger percentage that paid property tax.
Hai Phong: Hai Phong city handed over the management of FSM to HP SADCO with the intention of improving service delivery. HP SADCO initiated a scheduled desludging for household septic tanks once every 5 to 6 years and for residential apartments once every 1 to 2 years. The city authority collects the fees and pays HP SADCO based on the approved plan of activities and about 15% of the budget is paid for the scheduled desludging. According to report by Nguyen et. al., 2011 and ADB 2014, the revenue collected (15% on water tariff) was used to cover most of the operations and maintenance of the sewerage and drainage system and scheduled desludging expenses for four inner districts of Hai Phong city.
Balangoda: The urban council has set up recycling centers in different parts of the town whose key role is to collect recyclable material and deliver it to the plant. To incentivize these centers, the council awards points given to recycling centers (with 1 point = 1 Sri Lankan Rupee) and points are awarded based on type of recyclable material and quantity. The capital cost of the co-compost treatment plant is USD 352,000 with operation costs of USD 1,340 per month and production capacity of 14 tons compost per day, however, annually they produce about 420 tons of compost. Some compost is sold to small farmers (USD 77 to 120 per ton) in the eastern province of Sri Lanka where soil is sandy and chemical fertilizer is ineffective. Majority of compost is sold in bulk at very low prices to tea plantations and government institutions such as Urban Development Authority and Ministry of Agriculture purchase compost in bulk for landscaping.
The total cost per capita per year (including transportation) for treatment for disposal is about USD 2.88 and 1.84 per capita in Africa and Asia respectively. The net cost per capita per year for treatment for reuse decreases to USD 1.47 and 1.27 in Africa and Asia respectively due to the revenue from sale of compost.