Harnessing Aquaculture for Healthy Diets: Opportunities and Challenges
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Presented by Patrick Webb at the Global Panel Brief Launch on 'Harnessing Aquaculture for Healthy Diets' virtually on Zoom on Monday, 15 February 2021.
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Harnessing Aquaculture for Healthy Diets: Opportunities and Challenges
- 1. Harnessing Aquaculture for Healthy Diets Opportunities and Challenges Patrick Webb 15th February 2021
- 2. The healthiness and sustainability of food-based dietary guidelines Full adoption of (n=85) national guidelines would lead to 12% reduction in mortality; 11% cut in GHG emissions. Source: Springmann et al. (2020) The healthiness and sustainability of national and global food based dietary guidelines. BMJ2020;370:m2322
- 3. Growth in aquaculture compared to other food commodities Aquaculture is growing fastest, but from the lowest starting point relative to other foods
- 4. Employment in Aquaculture in Asia and Africa • 20.5 million people worked in aquaculture globally, 2018. • Since 2000, number of jobs linked to aquaculture in Africa has tripled. • 58% of those working in post-catch aquaculture activities are women.
- 5. Potential income growth through aquaculture • Limited ability of small aquaculture producers to contribute substantially to poverty alleviation and national fish production. • Support in the form of access to inputs value chain development needed. • Competition with low-cost imported fish is a concern for local SMEs. “Aquaculture has real potential to accelerate economic growth, provide employment opportunities, improve food security, and deliver an environmentally sustainable source of good nutrition for millions of people, especially in low- and middle-income countries” Sir John Beddington Chair of Global Panel and Former United Kingdom Government Chief Scientific Adviser
- 6. Addressing food loss and waste in fish value chains • ~35% of global fisheries and aquaculture harvest lost or wasted annually. • Limited research on causes and cost-effective solutions • Possibilities: cold storage, availability of ice, upgraded transport infrastructure, improved preservation techniques such as drying, salting and smoking fish to reduce loss and waste.
- 7. Antimicrobial use and resistance • Growth in aquaculture is constrained by aquatic diseases. • Use of antimicrobials to control diseases can lead to drug residues and spread of antimicrobial resistant bacteria. • A One Health approach involving communication, cooperation and collaboration across human, animal and environmental health disciplines is essential.
- 8. Source: Global Panel(2020) A food system transition: priority actions
- 9. Recommendations for governments 1. Incorporate fish and other aquatic products more fully into agriculture and trade policies, updated national food-based dietary guidelines, and nutrition and health policies and strategies. 2. Integrating food security and nutrition issues into policy decisions relating to fisheries and aquaculture. 3. Encourage entrepreneurship by SMEs involved in aquaculture
- 10. Recommendations for non-governmental stakeholders 1. Investment needed to enhance fish feed options in LMIC markets. Stop relying on capture fisheries to feed aquaculture. 2. Address the growing threat of antimicrobial resistant bacteria. 3. Prioritise the goal of sustainability in all investments. 4. Innovative technology and practice needed to significantly cut loss and waste in fish value chains. 5. Genetic improvement of fish species.
- 11. Download the full brief: https://www.glopan.org/resources- documents/harnessing-aquaculture- for-healthy-diets/
Notas del editor
- The makes an urgent call for action by the Global Panel to leaders and other decision makers concerned with diets and nutrition, health, and the natural environment. The launch will be of major interest to both public and private sectors, donors, investors, researchers, international organisations and civil society. The Global Panel is an independent group of leaders with a commitment to improving food systems, diets and nutrition. It acknowledges the generous funding from the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office in the development of this report.
- Slide Reference: Springmann M, Webb P RM and SP. The global and regional costs of healthy and sustainable dietary patterns. Lancet Under Rev. 2020. This costing study also included the potential effects of two additional cost-qualifying factors: 1. reduced food loss and waste by up to 50% from current levels. Halving loss and food waste in line with the SDG target reduced the cost of current diets by 14% on average (9-17% across regions); and 2. growth policies that have positive effects on desired outcomes, including higher rates of poverty reduction, stricter land-use regulation, lower barriers to food trade, and a trend towards lower meat consumption just in high-income countries. This scenario was compared with business-as-usual and a less optimistic scenario that includes changes in the opposite direction. The outcome of all variables combined – desirable shifts in dietary demand, a fuller accounting of the diet-related costs of climate change and healthcare, significant increases in foods available due to reduced loss and waste, and implementation of policies that promote positive socioeconomic outcomes over time – result in a much reduced cost of, say, a flexitarian diet in 2050 relative to 2017 across most of the world In this projection, there are still some outliers where more work would need to be done to ensure that everyone could access this particular diet variant (including Ethiopia, Burkina Faso and Iraq), but progress towards the goal of sustainable, healthy diets for all would already be huge.354
- Slide Reference: Springmann M, Webb P RM and SP. The global and regional costs of healthy and sustainable dietary patterns. Lancet Under Rev. 2020. This costing study also included the potential effects of two additional cost-qualifying factors: 1. reduced food loss and waste by up to 50% from current levels. Halving loss and food waste in line with the SDG target reduced the cost of current diets by 14% on average (9-17% across regions); and 2. growth policies that have positive effects on desired outcomes, including higher rates of poverty reduction, stricter land-use regulation, lower barriers to food trade, and a trend towards lower meat consumption just in high-income countries. This scenario was compared with business-as-usual and a less optimistic scenario that includes changes in the opposite direction. The outcome of all variables combined – desirable shifts in dietary demand, a fuller accounting of the diet-related costs of climate change and healthcare, significant increases in foods available due to reduced loss and waste, and implementation of policies that promote positive socioeconomic outcomes over time – result in a much reduced cost of, say, a flexitarian diet in 2050 relative to 2017 across most of the world In this projection, there are still some outliers where more work would need to be done to ensure that everyone could access this particular diet variant (including Ethiopia, Burkina Faso and Iraq), but progress towards the goal of sustainable, healthy diets for all would already be huge.354
- Slide Reference: Springmann M, Webb P RM and SP. The global and regional costs of healthy and sustainable dietary patterns. Lancet Under Rev. 2020. This costing study also included the potential effects of two additional cost-qualifying factors: 1. reduced food loss and waste by up to 50% from current levels. Halving loss and food waste in line with the SDG target reduced the cost of current diets by 14% on average (9-17% across regions); and 2. growth policies that have positive effects on desired outcomes, including higher rates of poverty reduction, stricter land-use regulation, lower barriers to food trade, and a trend towards lower meat consumption just in high-income countries. This scenario was compared with business-as-usual and a less optimistic scenario that includes changes in the opposite direction. The outcome of all variables combined – desirable shifts in dietary demand, a fuller accounting of the diet-related costs of climate change and healthcare, significant increases in foods available due to reduced loss and waste, and implementation of policies that promote positive socioeconomic outcomes over time – result in a much reduced cost of, say, a flexitarian diet in 2050 relative to 2017 across most of the world In this projection, there are still some outliers where more work would need to be done to ensure that everyone could access this particular diet variant (including Ethiopia, Burkina Faso and Iraq), but progress towards the goal of sustainable, healthy diets for all would already be huge.354
- Slide Reference: Springmann M, Webb P RM and SP. The global and regional costs of healthy and sustainable dietary patterns. Lancet Under Rev. 2020. This costing study also included the potential effects of two additional cost-qualifying factors: 1. reduced food loss and waste by up to 50% from current levels. Halving loss and food waste in line with the SDG target reduced the cost of current diets by 14% on average (9-17% across regions); and 2. growth policies that have positive effects on desired outcomes, including higher rates of poverty reduction, stricter land-use regulation, lower barriers to food trade, and a trend towards lower meat consumption just in high-income countries. This scenario was compared with business-as-usual and a less optimistic scenario that includes changes in the opposite direction. The outcome of all variables combined – desirable shifts in dietary demand, a fuller accounting of the diet-related costs of climate change and healthcare, significant increases in foods available due to reduced loss and waste, and implementation of policies that promote positive socioeconomic outcomes over time – result in a much reduced cost of, say, a flexitarian diet in 2050 relative to 2017 across most of the world In this projection, there are still some outliers where more work would need to be done to ensure that everyone could access this particular diet variant (including Ethiopia, Burkina Faso and Iraq), but progress towards the goal of sustainable, healthy diets for all would already be huge.354
- Slide Reference: Springmann M, Webb P RM and SP. The global and regional costs of healthy and sustainable dietary patterns. Lancet Under Rev. 2020. This costing study also included the potential effects of two additional cost-qualifying factors: 1. reduced food loss and waste by up to 50% from current levels. Halving loss and food waste in line with the SDG target reduced the cost of current diets by 14% on average (9-17% across regions); and 2. growth policies that have positive effects on desired outcomes, including higher rates of poverty reduction, stricter land-use regulation, lower barriers to food trade, and a trend towards lower meat consumption just in high-income countries. This scenario was compared with business-as-usual and a less optimistic scenario that includes changes in the opposite direction. The outcome of all variables combined – desirable shifts in dietary demand, a fuller accounting of the diet-related costs of climate change and healthcare, significant increases in foods available due to reduced loss and waste, and implementation of policies that promote positive socioeconomic outcomes over time – result in a much reduced cost of, say, a flexitarian diet in 2050 relative to 2017 across most of the world In this projection, there are still some outliers where more work would need to be done to ensure that everyone could access this particular diet variant (including Ethiopia, Burkina Faso and Iraq), but progress towards the goal of sustainable, healthy diets for all would already be huge.354