course material

1. As an advanced practice nurse assisting physicians in the diagnosis
As an advanced practice nurse assisting physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of
disorders, it is important to not only understand the impact of disorders on the body, but
also the impact of drug treatments on the body. The relationships between drugs and the
body can be described by pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.Pharmacokinetics
describes what the body does to the drug through absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
excretion, whereas pharmacodynamics describes what the drug does to the body.When
selecting drugs and determining dosages for patients, it is essential to consider individual
patient factors that might impact the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic
processes. These patient factors include genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, behavior (i.e., diet,
nutrition, smoking, alcohol, illicit drug abuse), and/or pathophysiological changes due to
disease.For this Discussion, you reflect on a case from your past clinical experiences and
consider how a patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes may alter his or
her response to a drug.RESOURCESBe sure to review the Learning Resources before
completing this activity. Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. WEEKLY
RESOURCESTo prepare:Review the Resources for this module and consider the principles of
pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.Reflect on your experiences, observations,
and/or clinical practices from the last 5 years and think about how pharmacokinetic and
pharmacodynamic factors altered his or her anticipated response to a drug.Consider factors
that might have influenced the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes,
such as genetics (including pharmacogenetics), gender, ethnicity, age, behavior, and/or
possible pathophysiological changes due to disease.Think about a personalized plan of care
based on these influencing factors and patient history in your case study.BY DAY 3 OF
WEEK 1Post a description of the patient case from your experiences, observations, and/or
clinical practice from the last 5 years. Then, describe factors that might have influenced
pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes of the patient you identified. Finally,
explain details of the personalized plan of care that you would develop based on influencing
factors and patient history in your case. Be specific and provide examples.BY DAY 6 OF
WEEK 1Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses and respond to at least two of your
colleagues on two different days by suggesting additional patient factors that might have
interfered with the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes of the patients they
described. In addition, suggest how the personalized plan of care might change if the age of
the patient were different and/or if the patient had a comorbid condition, such as renal
failure, heart failure, or liver failure.LEARNING RESOURCESRequired ReadingsRosenthal, L.

2. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2021). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurses and
physician assistants (2nd ed.) St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.Chapter 1, “Prescriptive Authority”
(pp. 1–3)Chapter 2, “Rational Drug Selection and Prescription Writing” (pp. 4–7)Chapter 3,
“Promoting Positive Outcomes of Drug Therapy” (pp. 8–12)Chapter 4, “Pharmacokinetics,
Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Interactions” (pp. 13–33)Chapter 5, “Adverse Drug Reactions
and Medication Errors” (pp. 34–42)Chapter 6, “Individual Variation in Drug Response” (pp.
43–45)American Geriatrics Society 2019 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. (2019).
American Geriatrics Society 2019 updated AGS Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate
medication use in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Download Journal
of the American Geriatrics Society, 67(4), 674–694. doi:10.1111/jgs.15767American
Geriatrics Society 2019 updated AGS Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication
use in older adults by American Geriatrics Society, in Journal of the American Geriatrics
Society, Vol. 67/Issue 4. Copyright 2019 by Blackwell Publishing. Reprinted by permission
of Blackwell Publishing via the Copyright Clearance Center.This article is an update to the
Beers Criteria, which includes lists of potentially inappropriate medications to be avoided in
older adults as well as newly added criteria that lists select drugs that should be avoided or
have their dose adjusted based on the individual’s kidney function and select drug-drug
interactions documented to be associated with harms in older adults.Drug Enforcement
Administration. (2021). CFR – Code of Federal Regulations Title 21Links to an external site..
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs…This website outlines the code of
federal regulations for prescription drugs.Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.). Mid-
level practitioners authorization by stateLinks to an external site.. Retrieved May 13, 2019
from http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugreg/praction…This website outlines the
schedules for controlled substances, including prescriptive authority for each
schedule.Institute for Safe Medication Practices. (2017). List of error-prone abbreviations,
symbols, and dose designationsLinks to an external site.. Retrieved from
https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-a…This website provides a list of
prescription-writing abbreviations that might lead to misinterpretation, as well as
suggestions for preventing resulting errors.Sabatino, J. A., Pruchnicki, M. C., Sevin, A. M.,
Barker, E., Green, C. G., & Porter, K. (2017). Improving prescribing practices: A pharmacist‐
led educational intervention for nurse practitioner studentsLinks to an external site..
Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 29(5), 248–254.
doi:10.1002/2327-6924.12446The authors of this article assess the impact of a pharmacist‐
led educational intervention on family nurse practitioner (FNP) students’ prescribing skills,
perception of preparedness to prescribe, and perception of pharmacist as collaborator.