This document discusses various assessment tools and diagnostic tests used to evaluate patient health, growth, weight, and nutrition in both adults and children. It focuses on several key areas: 1) The importance of using tools like BMI charts and growth charts to properly assess nutrition and development in pediatric patients. 2) The prevalence of obesity in the US and the financial burden it places on the healthcare system. Over 1/3 of US adults are obese. 3) The need for nurses to understand test validity, reliability, and limitations to ensure health assessments provide useful information.

1. Discussion: Assessment Tools Diagnostics Growth Measurement &
Nutrition in Adults & Children
Discussion: Assessment Tools Diagnostics Growth Measurement & Nutrition in Adults &
ChildrenORDER HERE FOR ORIGINAL, PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPERS ON Discussion:
Assessment Tools Diagnostics Growth Measurement & Nutrition in Adults & ChildrenMany
experts predict that genetic testing for disease susceptibility is well on its way to becoming
a routine part of clinical care. Yet many of the genetic tests currently being developed are, in
the words of the World Health Organization (WHO), of “questionable prognostic value.”—
Leslie Pray, PhDObesity remains one of the most common chronic diseases in the United
States. As a leading cause of United States mortality, morbidity, disability, healthcare
utilization and healthcare costs, the high prevalence of obesity continues to strain the
United States healthcare system (Obesity Society, 2016). More than one-third (39.8%) of
U.S. adults have obesity (CDC, 2018). The estimated annual medical cost of obesity in the
U.S. was $147 billion in 2008 U.S. dollars; the medical costs for people who are obese were
$1,429 higher than those of normal weight (CDC, 2018).According to the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC), the rate of childhood obesity has tripled in the past 30 years,
with an estimated 13.7 million children and adolescents considered obese (CDC, 2018).
When seeking insights about a patient’s overall health and nutritional state, body
measurements can provide a valuable perspective. This is particularly important with
pediatric patients. Measurements such as height and weight can provide clues to potential
health problems and help predict how children will respond to illness. Nurses need to be
proficient at using assessment tools, such as the Body Mass Index (BMI) and growth charts,
in order to assess nutrition-related health risks and pediatric development while being
sensitive to other factors that may affect these measures. Body Mass Index is also used as a
predictor for measurement of adult weight and health. Discussion: Assessment Tools
Diagnostics Growth Measurement & Nutrition in Adults & ChildrenAssessments are
constantly being conducted on patients, but they may not provide useful information. In
order to ensure that health assessments provide relevant data, nurses should familiarize
themselves with test-specific factors that may affect the validity, reliability, and value of
these tools.This week, you will explore various assessment tools and diagnostic tests that
are used to gather information about patients’ conditions. You will examine the validity and
reliability of these tests and tools. You will also examine assessment techniques, health risks
and concerns, and recommendations for care related to patient growth, weight, and

2. nutrition. Discussion: Assessment Tools Diagnostics Growth Measurement & Nutrition in
Adults & ChildrenLearning ObjectivesStudents will:Analyze diversity considerations in
health assessmentsApply concepts, theories, and principles related to examination
techniques, functional assessments, and cultural and diversity awareness in health
assessmentApply assessment skills to collect patient health historiesLearning
ResourcesBall, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2019). Seidel’s
guide to physical examination: An interprofessional approach (9th ed.). St. Louis, MO:
Elsevier Mosby.Chapter 3, “Examination Techniques and Equipment”This chapter explains
the physical examination techniques of inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation.
This chapter also explores special issues and equipment relevant to the physical exam
process.Chapter 8, “Growth and Nutrition”In this chapter, the authors explain examinations
for growth, gestational age, and pubertal development. The authors also differentiate
growth among the organ systems.Chapter 5, “Recording Information” (Previously read in
Week 1)This chapter provides rationale and methods for maintaining clear and accurate
records. The text also explores the legal aspects of patient records. Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E.,
Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2019). Student checklist: Health history guide.
In Seidel’s guide to physical examination (9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.Credit Line:
Seidel’s Guide to Physical Examination, 9th Edition by Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A.,
Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. Copyright 2019 by Elsevier Health Sciences. Reprinted by
permission of Elsevier Health Sciences via the Copyright Clearance Center. Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Childhood overweight and obesity. Retrieved from
http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood This website provides information about
overweight and obese children. Additionally, the website provides basic facts about obesity
and strategies to counteracting obesity.Chaudhry, M. A. I., & Nisar, A. (2017). Escalating
health care cost due to unnecessary diagnostic testing. Mehran University Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology, (3), 569. Retrieved from https://search-ebscohost-
com.ezp.waldenulibrary.or…Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library
databases.This study explores the escalating healthcare cost due the unnecessary use of
diagnostic testing. Consider the impact of health insurance coverage in each state and how
nursing professionals must be cognizant when ordering diagnostics for different
individuals. Dains, J. E., Baumann, L. C., & Scheibel, P. (2019). Advanced health assessment
and clinical diagnosis in primary care (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.Credit Line:
Advanced Health Assessment and Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care, 6th Edition by Dains,
J.E., Baumann, L. C., & Scheibel, P. Copyright 2019 by Mosby. Reprinted by permission of
Mosby via the Copyright Clearance Center.Discussion: Assessment Tools Diagnostics
Growth Measurement & Nutrition in Adults & ChildrenThis chapter introduces the
diagnostic process, which includes performing an analysis of the symptoms and then
formulating and testing a hypothesis. The authors discuss how becoming an expert clinician
takes time and practice in developing clinical judgment.Gibbs, H., & Chapman-Novakofski, K.
(2012). Exploring nutrition literacy: Attention to assessment and the skills clients
need. Health, 4(3), 120–124.Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library
databases.This study explores nutrition literacy. The authors examine the level of attention
paid to health literacy among nutrition professionals and the skills and knowledge needed

3. to understand nutrition education. Martin, B. C., Dalton, W. T., Williams, S. L., Slawson, D. L.,
Dunn, M. S., & Johns-Wommack, R. (2014). Weight status misperception as related to
selected health risk behaviors among middle school students. Journal of School Health,
84(2), 116–123. doi:10.1111/josh.12128Credit Line: Weight status misperception as
related to selected health risk behaviors among middle school students by Martin, B. C.,
Dalton, W. T., Williams, S. L., Slawson, D. L., Dunn, M. S., & Johns-Wommack, R., in Journal of
School Health, Vol. 84/Issue 2. Copyright 2014 by Blackwell Publishing. Reprinted by
permission of Blackwell Publishing via the Copyright Clearance Center.Noble, H., & Smith, J.
(2015) Issues of validity and reliability in qualitative research. Evidence Based Nursing,
18(2), pp. 34–35.Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.Seidel,
H. M., Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2011). History
subjective data checklist. In Mosby’s guide to physical examination (7th ed.). St. Louis, MO:
Elsevier Mosby.Credit Line: Mosby’s Guide to Physical Examination, 7th Edition by Seidel, H.
M., Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. Copyright 2011 by
Elsevier. Reprinted by permission of Elsevier via the Copyright Clearance Center.This
History Subjective Data Checklist was published as a companion to Seidel’s Guide to
Physical Examination (8th ed.) by Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., & Flynn, J.A. Copyright Elsevier
(2015). From https://evolve.elsevier.comSullivan, D. D. (2019). Guide to clinical
documentation (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis.Chapter 2, “The Comprehensive
History and Physical Exam” (Previously read in Week 1)Chapter 5, “Pediatric Preventative
Care Visits” (pp. 91 101)Optional ResourceLeBlond, R. F., Brown, D. D., & DeGowin, R. L.
(2014). DeGowin’s diagnostic examination (10th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill
Medical.Chapter 3, “The Physical Screening Examination”Chapter 17, “Principles of
Diagnostic Testing”Chapter 18, “Common Laboratory Tests”Case Study Assignment:
Assessment Tools in Adults and ChildrenCase Scenario: Overweight 5 year old African
American boy with overweight parents who work full time and the boy spend his time after
school with Grandmother.Consider what health issues and risks may be relevant to the child
in the health example.Based on the risks you identified, consider what further information
you would need to gain a full understanding of the child’s health. Think about how you
could gather this information in a sensitive fashion.Consider how you could encourage
parents or caregivers to be proactive toward the child’s health.The
AssignmentAssignment (3–4 pages, not including title and reference pages):Assignment
Option 2: Child Health Case:Include the following:An explanation of the health issues and
risks that are relevant to the child you were assigned.Describe additional information you
would need in order to further assess his or her weight-related health.Identify and describe
any risks and consider what further information you would need to gain a full
understanding of the child’s health. Think about how you could gather this information in a
sensitive fashion.Taking into account the parents’ and caregivers’ potential sensitivities, list
at least three specific questions you would ask about the child to gather more
information.Provide at least two strategies you could employ to encourage the parents or
caregivers to be proactive about their child’s health and weight.