2. Basal Cell Carcinoma - Important Facts 1. Most common human malignancy 2. Usually affects the elderly 3. Slow-growing, locally invasive 5. 90% occur on head and neck 6. Of these 10% involve eyelids 7. Accounts for 90% of eyelid malignancies 4. Does not metastasize
3. Frequency of location of basal cell carcinoma Lower lid - 70% Medial canthus - 15% Upper lid - 10% Lateral canthus - 5%
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5. Ulcerative basal cell carcinoma (rodent ulcer) Early Chronic ulceration Advanced Raised rolled edges and bleeding
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7. Histology of basal cell carcinoma Downgrowth from epidermis of small, dark atypical basal cells Peripheral palisading Cell nests in fibrous stroma
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9. Prominent nuclei and abundant acidophilic cytoplasm Variable sized groups of atypical epithelial cells within dermis Histology of squamous cell carcinoma Keratin ‘pearl’
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11. Histology of meibomian gland carcinoma Cells stain positive for fat Cells contain foamy vacuolated cytoplasm and large hyperchromatic nuclei
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16. Lower eyelid reconstruction following tumour excision Mustarde cheek rotation flap for large defect Tenzel flap for moderate defect Direct closure of small defect a b a b b
17. Eyelid-sharing procedure Reconstruction of posterior lamella Extensive sclerosing BCC Total excision of lower lid Tarsoconjunctival flap Reconstruction of anterior lamella with skin graft Appearance after healing