Louis Gerstner served IBM from April 1993 to March 2002.
In 1956, Watson Jr. introduced System/360, Windows OS of its era for 3 decades.
The expense cuts was the most realistic restructuring program IBM had. It has to come from top. At the same time, it was a challenge to retain the best talents.
Xerox going into financial services; Coca-cola into movies; kodak into pharmaceuticals. Marketing myopia: They think they are into railways only, not the transportation business. He argues companies focus on too narrow a segment. He believes that in most cases a company has a set of competitive advantages in its base business. It may be hard- very hard to redirect or reenergize an existing enterprise. But it’s a lot easier than throwing that enterprise over the fence into a totally new enviornment and succeeding. STICK TO YOUR KNITTING. Managers must be asked to report on their performance and explain their successes and failures.
Small companies are fast, enterpreneurial, responsive.