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Access Technology - innovations in AT&T Labs
1. ACCESS TECHNOLOGY
innovations in AT&T Labs
Xiaolin Lu
March, 1999 @ Caltech
AT&T Labs
2. AT&T Labs - RESEARCH
Larry Rabiner
Vice President
Laboratories
Information Communications Information Speech & Image Network Services Networking and
Systems & Services Infrastructure Sciences Processing Research Distributed Systems
Research Research Research Services Research
Chief
Scientist
Ron Brachman Ted Darcie Rob Calderbank David Berkley Dave Belanger Hamid Ahmadi
Specification & Algorithm
Artificial Intelligence Wireless Systems Mathematics and Speech Processing Innovative Services Research
Principles Nelson Sollenberger Cryptography Software & Technology David Unger Michael Merritt
Michael Kearns Andrew Odlyzko
Broadband Wireless Bishnu Atal Information Systems Network Mathematics
Machine Learning and Systems Communications & Analysis Research Sandy Fraser
Information Retrieval Paul Henry N. Seshadri Rich Cox Ken Church Albert Greenberg
Fernando Pereira
Wireless Statistics Candace Kamm Software Systems Systems & Networking
Human / Computer Communications Daryl Pregibon Phong Vo Resources Chief
Interface Larry Greenstein Jay Wilpon Frank Pirz Scientist Emeritus
Julia Hirschberg Algorithms and Large-Scale
Broadband Access Optimization Image Processing Programming Networking Research
Secure Systems Adel Saleh David Johnson Software & Technology Bjarne Stroustrup Charles Kalmanek
David Maher
Lightwave Networks Algorithms and Barry Haskell Information Services Distributed Systems
Online Platforms Bob Tkach Distributed Data John Denker Michael Merritt (Acting)
Gregg Vesonder Joan Feigenbaum Yann LeCun
Communications Customer Information Database Research
Adaptive Information Technology Behzad Shahraray Mike Wish H. V. (Jag) Jagadish
Services Robert R. Miller
Larry Jackel Information Consumer Electronics Ron Graham
Visualization Ed Chen
Stephen North
Broadband Services
Norm Schryer
Unofficial 10/1/98
3. Lightwave Technology in AT&T Labs
Long-Haul Access
WDM/xDFA Optical
ORAN PON HFC
High Capacity Networking
9. Ten Year Performance Improvement
WAN Bandwidth 2 2000
Processor Power 2 1000
Router Engine Performance/Price 1 1000
Internet Traffic 2 1000
Bandwidth to Homes 3 13
Sources: 1. Business Communications Reviews, Sept. 1997
2. AT&T
3. Dataquest
10. NETWORK TRAFFIC
1000
Voice
800
Data
Traffic (Gb/s)
600 Total
400
200
0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
K.G. Coffman and A. Odlyzko
AT&T Labs
11. ACCESS REVOLUTION
Interconnect routers with high-speed Regional / Metro
(OC3 OC48 …) ports Networking
Migration of corporate LAN bandwidth Broadband
to consumers (1 10 100 Mb/s) Wireline Access
Intense competition between broadband Broadband Fixed
Wireless Access
access providers
Strong demand for mobile/tetherless 3rd-Generation
Mobile Wireless
voice and emerging data capabilities
17. EVOLUTION AND REVOLUTION
Need
Architecture
More Evolution/
Revolution
Digital Cable
Services
Modem
Quality
Reliability
HFC
Linear Lightwave RF & DSP Low-cost lightwave Technology
and WDM
21. RF MODEM TECHNOLOGY
I I
10110 10110
DMUX Carrier Carrier MUX
S S Recovery
900 900
Q Q
Modulation Spectral Efficiency CNR
Technique Theory Practical (10-8)
QPSK 2 1.2 - 2 15
16-QAM 4 2.5 – 3.5 22.5
64-QAM 6 4.5 – 5 28.5
AM-VSB 47
22. Performance of An Uncooled FP Laser
No TE cooler, no isolator 60 QPSK channels at 2Mbps/ch
~ $100 Temperature: 200C ~ 800C
-2
Theory
Room Temperature
-3 T>80C
Reflection
log(BER)
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8 2
0.1 1 10
OMD(%) S. Woodward, G. Bodeep, OFC’95
23. New Transport Opportunities
DSP Multimedia
MPEG-2,
MPEG- etc Digitization
RF Modem Digital SCM System
BW efficiency
Robustness Broadcast/narrowcast
digital TV
Digital RF
Transmission S Interactive video
RF/(wireless) 2-way communication
Front-end
Front- Voice, data, etc
Wireless backhauling
Linear Lightwave Low-
Low-cost
Maturity Lightwave
24. EVOLUTION AND REVOLUTION
Need
Architecture
More Evolution/
Revolution
Digital Cable
Services
Modem
Quality
Reliability
HFC
Linear Lightwave RF & DSP Low-cost lightwave Technology
and WDM
25. CHALLENGES
HE FN
HE FN
HE
FN
Analog Emerging
TV Services
5 50 500 750 1G
Bandwidth Capacity: 5-40MHz/1000s HHP upstream
Transport Integrity: Ingress noise, dynamic range
103-to-1 Architecture:
to- Centrally-
Centrally-mediated MAC
26. SOLUTIONS
Bandwidth UPGRADE
Capacity Fiber Node
Network
Segmentation
DWDM Trunk
Transport
Integrity DOCSIS
High level
modulation Modem
Centrally-
103-to-1 mediated MAC
Architecture
28. Fiber Node Segmentation
300 Homes 300 Homes
HE FN
300 Homes 300 Homes
1,200 HHP/FN with 300 HHP/Bus
29. DISTRIBUTED HEAD-END
HEAD-
HE
FN
Primary Primary
Hub
HE
Ring
FN
HE
Operation complexity
Cost of CMTS at lower take rate
30. DWDM TRUNK
SH
FN
Primary Primary
Hub
SH
Ring
FN
SH
DWDM transport for end-to-end transparency
end-to-
Route diversity for service protection
Consolidate high-end terminals (CMTS)
high-
31. DWDM TRUNK
Primary Hub Secondary Hub
1.3mm
XTR
Coarse
WDM
l
1 x 8 DWDM
1 x 8 DWDM
l
l
. .
.
.
. . Fiber Node
1.5mm RCV
RCV l
1 x 8 DWDM
1 x 8 DWDM
RCV l
RCV
.
. .
.
. .
32. MODERN HFC NETWORK
SH FN
Primary Primary
Hub
SH
Ring
SH FN
DWDM Transport Segmentation
End-to-end Transparency 4X capacity
33. What If We Succeed?
Bandwidth exhaustion Transport integrity
Take rate and multiple lines
New services
User behavior
Performance
10000
1000
Delay (ms)
100
Life cycle cost
10
v.s.
1
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Front-
Front-end cost
Users
35. Mini Fiber Node (mFN)
mFN
FN mFN
Primary Primary
Ring Hub
mFN
FN mFN
DWDM
Analog Digital
TV TV
5 50 500 750 1G
mFN overlay for a cell-based digital platform
cell-
Multi-
Multi-purpose infrastructure
50-
50-100 times more clean two-way bandwidth
two-
Distributed MAC protocol with better performance
49. Wireless: Tricks to Increase Capacity & Peak Rate
What How
Advanced Coding Turbo, layered or space-time codes
Adaptive Coding Adjust code rate to maximize performance
Variety of techniques to combat fading and
Diversity and Equalization
multipath dispersion
Smart Antennas Adaptive processing using antenna arrays
Dynamic Resource Allocation Spectrum or timeslots assigned only as needed
Minimize transmit power through measurement
Power Control
and feedback
- Orthogonal FDM
Advanced Modulation - Wideband-CDMA
- M-PSK
Introducesignificant complexity in required digital signal processing
Rapid progress driven by increases in DSP horsepower (1000X in 10 years)
50. SUMMARY
Emerging technologies, new service opportunities and
competition are driving wide variety of access
infrastructure choices
Cost of photonic components and embedded base keep
electronic options (copper pair, coax) for last mile (HFC,
FTTC)
Desire for passive future-proof outside plant favors PON
Fast time-to-market and new service opportunities make
wireless alternatives more attractive
51. “There is no wrong technology,
there are only wrong
assumptions.”