8. GLOBAL STATUS OF MALNUTRITION IN
DIFFERENT REGIONS (Source UNICEF 2018)
The rate of malnutrition is continuously increasing and Oceania,
African & S.,S-E Asia regions are also having high rate against
Global rate. SO we want to need Nutrias Nutriment
9.
10.
11.
12.
13. Types of Vitamins Deficiency Diseases
A (Retinol) Night blindness
B1 (Thiamine) Beri-beri
B2 (Riboflavin) Retarded growth, bad skin
B12 (Cyanocobalamin) Anaemia
C (Ascorbic acid) Scurvy
D (Calciferol) Rickets
K (Phylloquinone) Excessive bleeding due to injury
Types of Minerals Deficiency Diseases
Types of Minerals Deficiency Diseases
Calcium Brittle bones, excessive bleeding
Phosphorus Bad teeth and bones
Iron Anaemia
Iodine Goitre, enlarged thyroid gland
Copper Low appetite, retarded growth
16. • Bio-fortification refers to the process by which food crops are
improved by the application of biotechnology, conventional
plant breeding, and agronomic practices to increase the
bioavailability of their nutritious components to
human consumers.
• The bio-fortification of staple crops is a long-term,
sustainable solution to address nutritional
inadequacies.
• It is a practical and cost-effective way to provide
micronutrients to communities that have limited access to
various meals and other micronutrient therapies.
• Existing therapies, such as supplementation and industrial food
ABOUT BIO-FORTIFICATION
• Existing therapies, such as supplementation and industrial food
fortification, which are insufficient to eliminate micronutrient
deficiencies on their own, are complemented by
bio-fortification.
• Bio-fortification offers two substantial competitive advantages:
the capacity to reach underserved rural
communities and long-term cost-effectiveness.
• Bio-fortified crops can also be used to target rural
populations with limited access to various dietary options
or other micronutrient therapies.
17. MAJOR CRITERIA OF BIO-FORTIFICATION
CRITERIA
• Micronutrient enrichment
must be effective
• Stability
• High yield
IMPORTANCE
• To improves the plant or crop quality.
• To increase the nutritional quality in daily
diets.
• To overcome malnutrition in human
beings.
• To promote food security.
• High yield
• Efficacious bio availability
• Taste and cooking quality
• Consumer acceptance
• Disease resistance
• To promote food security.
• Application of bio-fortified crops would
benefit farmers by increasing their
income in the long term.
• It is especially important for poor rural
community with finite access to a varied
diet, fortified foods or supplements.
22. THE MAIN CHEMICAL FORMS IN WHICH MINERAL ELEMENTS ARE
ACQUIRED FROM THE SOIL SOLUTION BY ROOTS, AND THE CRITICAL
LEAF CONCENTRATIONS FOR THEIR SUFFICIENCY AND TOXICITY IN
NONTOLERANT CROP PLANTS.
23. CHEMICAL FORMS OF EACH MINERAL USED IN THE
BIO-FORTFICATION OF SOME VEGETABLE CROPS
24. SELECTED FUTURE SMART FOODS IN EIGHT
COUNTRIES IN ASIA SOURCE: LI AND SIDDIQUE (6).
.
25.
26. Cereal crop is a Staple food for more than half of the world’s
population.
Cereals meet 60% of energy and protein needs of human.
Up to 75% of the daily calorie intake of the developing world people
living in the rural areas comes only from cereal-based foods which are
inherently low in micronutrients specially Fe and Zn (Cakmak,
2012).
A diet of 300-400 g cereal day-1 will supply only 4-6 mg Zn day-1 in
BIO-FORTIFIED CROPS
.
A diet of 300-400 g cereal day-1 will supply only 4-6 mg Zn day-1 in
case of rice and11-18 mg Zn day-1 in case of wheat.
29. NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF DIFFERENT MILLETS
(Source: Kumar et al., 2108)
Finger millets, Proso, pearl millet and Banyard millets
were leading in respectively
30. NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF DIFFERENT MILLETS
(Source: Kumar et al., 2108)
Banyard millets and Pearl Millet were
leading in respectively
31.
32. “Dr Mahalingam
Govinda Raj has
won
the Norman E
Borlaug Award for
developing the
world's first bio-
fortified pearl millet
variety called
Dhanashakti,
which is rich in
nutrients”
33.
34.
35. GLOBAL TRENDS IN CULTIVATION
OF MILLETS (FAOSTAT 2018).
THE FIGURE ILLUSTRATES TRENDS IN AREA UNDER
CULTIVATION AND PRODUCTION FROM 1962 TO 2018
36.
37. Nutritional constituents of common millets per 100 g
Millet type
Vernacular
Protein
(g)
Carbo-
hydrates
(g)
Fat
(g)
Crude
fiber
(g)
Minerals Mineral
matter
(g)
Sulfur Containing
(Amino Acids)
Energy
(kcal)
Ca(mg) Fe(mg) Methionine Cysteine
Pearl millet
Gero, arum, bulrush
millet, milheto, dark
millet, Bajri, cattail
millet
11.6 67.5 5.0 1.2 42 8.0 2.3 150 110 363
Finger millet
African millet, red
millet, caracan millet,
koracan, ragi, dagusa
7.3 72.0 1.3 3.6 344 3.9 2.7 210 140 336
Proso millet
Broomcorn millet,
common millet,
broomtail millet, hog
millet, white millet
12.5 70.4 1.1 2.2 14 0.8 1.9 160 - 364
Foxtail millet
Italian millet, German
Italian millet, German
millet, Chinese millet,
Hungarian millet,
green millet
12.3 60.9 4.3 8.0 31 2.8 3.3 180 100 351
Kodo millet
Varagu, varigalu
8.3 65.9 1.4 9.0 27 0.5 2.6 - - 353
Little millet
Samalu, samai
8.7 75.7 5.3 8.6 17 9.3 1.7 180 90 329
Barnyad millet
Sawa millet,
Janpanese barnyard
millet, Indian
barnyard millet,
kodisama, bhagar,
burgu millet
11.6 74.3 5.8 14.7 20 5.0 4.7 180 110 300
Sorghum 10.4 67.98 1.9 1.6 25 4.1 1.4 100 90 296
Rice 7.9 76.0 2.7 1.0 10 0.7 1.3 150 90 362
Wheat 11.6 71.0 2.0 2.0 41 5.3 1.6 90 140 348
54. Conclusion
Bio-fortification offer sustainable solutions to the escalating
micronutrient-related malnutrition problems.
Agronomic-bio-fortification is the easiest and fastest
way for bio-fortification of cereal grains with minerals.
Identifications of Hybrids & Varieties and development of Harvest
Plus activities (Value addition)
Plus activities (Value addition)
Two-three foliar sprays of Zn and Fe (0.5% ZnSO4 and FeSO4) on
later growth stages offers a practical and useful means for bio
fortification with Zn and Fe.
Concentration of micronutrients increases 60-80% in cereal
grains and 50-65% in pulses over control.
Foliar application of micronutrients results significantly higher
micronutrient recovery percent over soil application.
35
