1. IT Architect Regional Conference 2007
Service oriented Enterprise Architecture
Yan Zhao, Ph.D
Director, Enterprise and Solutions Architecture
CGI Federal
Introduction
My Self
Director, Enterprise and Solutions Architecture Consulting
Experience in academia, corporate research, software
industry, and consulting services
11 years architectural leadership positions
5 patents granted, 4 patents pending, and a number of
invention disclosures and technical publications.
Ph.D. in computer science and master in mathematics
from Arizona State University.
CGI
Founded in 1976, CGI is the 8th largest independent IT
and business process services firm in the world
25,500 professionals in 100+ offices in 17 countries.
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal 1

2. Presentation Outline
1. Enterprise Architecture (EA) and its
challenges
2. How SOA can mitigates EA challenges
3. Modeling EA in a service-oriented manner –
SOEA
4. Simplify ESOA modeling via horizontal and
vertical partition –> domain segmentation
and service federation
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
Current Trend
Internet Era
Businesses are more agile, geographical limitations
are diminishing
Increasing needs in collaboration and information
sharing
Old systems with stove-piped design need to be
modernized
Information Revolution
Comparing to Industry Revolution age, we are in an
Information Revolution age now
Need more organized and efficient ways for
information processing and utilization
SOA is the current state of art, is leading a new
paradigm shift
Promotes collaboration, info sharing, business agility,
and IT flexibility
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal 2

3. The Purpose of Enterprise Architecture
Have a blueprint and long-term guidance
Facilitate decision making
Support enterprise modernization efforts
Enhance collaboration and interoperation
Streamline business processes and technology
implementations across the enterprise
Enable resource sharing and cost efficiency by identify
common and sharable components and services
EA for an enterprise .vs. city planning for a city
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
Enterprise Architecture in Context
Strategic
Planning
(Business & IT)
Solution
Business
Architecture
Operations (SOA)
Enterprise
Architecture
(Component-Based
Service-Oriented)
Project &
Performance Program
Management Management
Capital
Planning
Investment
Control
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal 3

4. Enterprise Architecture Components and Life Cycle
Strategic
Planning
FEA EA for Enterprise X
Performance Performance Performance
Reference Model Model
Measurement
(PRM)
Business
Business Reference
Model (BRM)
Architecture Enterprise
Application IT Planning
Service Component
Reference Model
Component & Operation
Architecture Capital
(SRM) Life Cycle Planning
Data
Data Reference &
Model (DRM) Architecture
Investment
Technical Reference
Technical Control
Architecture
Model (TRM)
IT
Initiatives
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
What is SOA – a layman description
Service: each day we provide services
and we are served, the same for a
business organization and its sub-
organization
Service Orientation: Describe
businesses and systems in terms of
services they provide
Service-Oriented Architecture: A
architecture style that describe
businesses and systems in a service-
oriented way.
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal 4

5. SOA Background
SOA concept is not new, it’s an evolution
CORBA
Component-based architecture
Service Components
Service Broker (ORB)
Web, Java, J2EE, .Net
EAI
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
Relationships: EA, SOA & Web Service
Enterprise Architecture: It’s a subject
domain that is independent of approaches
and methodologies for its development and
presentation.
Service-Oriented Architecture: It’s a
architecture style that describe businesses
and systems with service-orientation.
Web Services: It’s a technology that
enables us to implement applications in a
service-oriented way.
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal 5

6. SOA and EA
Enterprise Architecture
•SOA is a practical modeling approach for EA
Business •SOA bridge EA with solution architectures
Data
SOA
SOA is an ..
Application Architecture Approach.
Technology You can apply the principles of SOA
to architecture at all levels.
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
The Challenges in EA Practice
Architecture Modeling:
Stake Holder Participation:
• Coverage of depth and width
• Culture, people, organization
• Interrelationship among elements
• Stove-piped .vs. collaborative
• Approaches and methodologies
EA
Architecture Maintenance & Architecture Usage:
Program Management: • Architecture acceptance
• Governance & life cycle mgnt • Practical for usage
• Appropriate skills and resources • Flexible framework for evolution
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal 6

7. Where SOA Can Compensate
Stake Holder Participation:
Architecture Modeling:
• Clarification of service
• Business-centric capabilities in
ownership
coarse grained
• Promote collaboration via
• Layered service components
common services and service
• Well-defined & loosely-coupled
infrastructure
SOA
Architecture Maintenance &
Architecture Usage:
Program Management:
• Service infrastructure & service
• Service governance & life cycle authoring tools become commodity
management tools • Flexible for iterative development
• Collaboration of skills in & Deployment
different layers of services
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
Stakeholder participation
Enterprise Architecture SOA
Lack of Stakeholder Increase Stakeholder participation
Participation, due to Easier communication through
Traditional culture service-oriented concept
Background of people Break organization boundaries
via common services
Organization structure Reduce cost via shareable and
Competing priorities reusable services
Value proposition Paint a Clear Picture for
Lack of clear guidance for Collaboration by
collaboration in Common service infrastructure
Target picture Common functional services
Clarification of roles and
Work direction responsibilities regarding to
Roles and responsibilities services
Effective approach and Self-sufficient service
methods components with manageable
scope in organizational level
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal 7

8. Architecture Modeling
Enterprise Architecture SOA
How to Model big picture SOA can simplify big picture
Depth and breadth of description
architecture scope Atomic service components
Model matches audience Loosely coupled, not hard-wired
Not to jump into details too Depth and breadth are covered
quickly and lost big picture by flexible layered components
Produce meaningful models and SOA makes EA envisioning,
conceptual abstraction planning, and modeling easier
EA .vs. engineering process via
EA approaches and Componentized and layered
methodologies .vs. EA services
framework Loosely coupling
EA uniqueness for each Iterative development
enterprise Matching different skills to
Insight and vision different Services in different
Skilled architect for conceptual layers
models
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
Architecture Usage
Enterprise Architecture SOA
Lack of EA product SOA increase EA products
acceptance due to lack acceptance by
of Better facilitate stakeholders’
Stakeholder participation participation
Value proposition Enable better ROI estimate
across full spectrum of SOA
The relevance of EA to benefits in a composite way
specific projects
Help to fill the gaps between
Gap analysis EA products and individual
Need flexible EA project by layered services
framework that can SOA enables a flexible
Connect the EA products framework by
and components together Componentized services
Incorporate changes along Components loosely coupling
the way Dynamic service plug-in and
Be flexible update
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal 8

9. Architecture Maintenance, Program Management
Enterprise Architecture SOA
Challenge in EA lifecycle SOA based lifecycle
management and governance management and service
Uniqueness for each governance are easier by
organization Incorporating architecture
Time and resource constraints maintenance into service
Effective tools lifecycle
Challenge in Resources Tools are developed rapidly for
service lifecycle management
EA needs very special skill set and governance
The bias from either technical SOA can ease the EA
or business perspectives
resource pain by
Need artistic ability with vision
and insight to present reality via Matching skills to manageable
representational models service scopes and layers
Lack of EA curricula in Ease the increasing demands
Universities for breadth in architecture
competencies
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
Service Oriented Enterprise Architecture
(SOEA) Conceptual Model
SOEA Driver:
• Business Strategic Plan
• IT Strategic Plan
Service-Oriented Business Architecture: Service-Oriented Technical Architecture:
• Business process model • Layered service components
• Business service model • Infrastructure
• Business event model • Data Service Models
Service Management and Governance Structure:
• Service life cycle management
• Service governance policies, structure, and process
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal 9

10. What SOEA Means to an Enterprise
Business Agility
Composable Business
Business Transformation and Transition Processes & Services
Collaborative Business Processes (Business Modeling)
Business Services and Events
Modeling
Oriented
Service -
Service-
Requires Supports
IT Flexibility
On Demand Operation Environment Composable
IT Services
Federated Service Infrastructure (SOA)
Service Service Service
Development Deployment Operation
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
Approaches and Methodologies
SOA Planning with Enterprise View
Take advantage from Enterprise Architecture exercise
Create SOEA framework include: service categorization, service
infrastructure, service owners, and stake holders
Segmentation: service domain vertical partition based on (LOB)
Separate entire enterprise service domain into segments based on the
line of business services
Identify services for each LoB
Federation: service domain horizontal partition for service provision
Implement federated service infrastructure to enable federated enterprise
architecture implementation
Implement and host the services based on organization autonomy
Service Componentization
Service component: self-contained with well-defined service interfaces
Service components are layered, and associated between business,
application, & data
Iterative and Incremental: top-down meets bottom-up and middle-out
Adopt SOA for newly modernized environment and applications
Provide services based on legacy applications
Evolve legacy applications towards SOA in layers
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal 10

11. Enterprise Architecture Domains for
Service Segmentation and Federation
Enterprise Architecture & Service Domain
for Entire Enterprise Federated
Domain
Shared Domain
Organizational
Domain Organization D
Organization B Organization C
Organization A Unique
Unique Unique
Unique Domain
Domain Domain
Domain
One Service Segment across Organizations
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
SOEA Application Architecture: Services in Layers
* from CBDI Journal
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal 11

12. SOEA Application Architecture:
Composite Application
Source: IBM
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
SOEA Data Architecture: Data as a Service
Three-tier architecture: SOA with data service:
Portal Service
User Interface
Service Composition
Service
Application ESB
Registry
Functional Functional
Service 1 Service 2
Data
Data
Data Service
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal 12

13. SOEA Infrastructure: Federated Service
Infrastructure
Service Service
Consumer A Consumer B
External
Event Governance
Policy
Enterprise Service Bus
Event
Handling Orchestration & BPM Security Transformation Service Registry
Middleware & Metadata
Management Content-based Routing Transport Repository
Internal
Event
Service Service Service
Component A Component B Component C
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
SOEA Infrastructure Support
Virtualization – Service quality and
flexibility improvement, isolate applications
from supporting hardware
Mobile Computing – Location flexible
services
IPv6 – Multicast, device flexibility, mobility
support, security enhancement
Blade – Hardware simplification,
performance improvement, easier
maintenance
Source: IBM
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal 13

14. SOEA Life Cycle and Governance
Drivers:
Business & IT goals,
objectives, & requirements
objectives,
Service Service Service Service
Architecture Development Deployment Operation
Design Time Run Time
SOEA Governance Domain
SOEA Governance
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
SOEA Service Life Cycle Components
Service Service Service Service
Architecture Development Deployment Operation
• Business process • Infrastructure • Service • Event correlation
modeling implementation packaging • Service
• Business service • Policy and • Service change monitoring
modeling control-points management • Operation
• Business event implementation • Services analysis and
modeling • Services and configuration improvement
• Layered technical workflow • Service provision • Business
service implementation and orchestration process
components • User interface management
modeling • Identity and
implementation security • Workload and
• Service management policy
infrastructure management
modeling • Data integration
• Data service
modeling
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal 14

15. SOEA Governance
Enterprise SOEA IT
Governance Governance Governance
Enterprise Governance IT Governance
Governance structure, IT governance structure,
roles, and responsibility roles, and responsibility
Governance policies IT governance policies
Governance processes IT governance processes
Governance measurements IT governance measurements
SOEA Governance
Cross enterprise and IT regarding to service architecture,
development, deployment and operation
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
SOEA Major Benefits
Business Agility
Easier for business process improvement
Convenient for business operation monitoring
Convenient in manipulation and change of process flow via BPM tools
Reuse and leverage existing assets
Business services can be constructed from existing components
Legacy systems can be accessed via web service interfaces
Common infrastructure as commodity
SOA infrastructure is becoming commodity by the use of COTS
products
By enforcing standards, service components can be consolidated within
a well-defined SOA infrastructure
Reduce development and maintenance cost
Reuse of existing components will reduce development time and cost
Easier in incorporating new business requirements will reduce
maintenance cost
Risk mitigation
Reusing existing components reduces the risk in creating new ones
The commodity nature of infrastructure reduces risk in its support
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal 15

16. Establish ROI
Understand the full Assess ROI iteratively
spectrum of SOA Benefits and compositely
ROI for business agility Objectives for each service
ROI for asset reuse Cost for each service
ROI for Common Infrastructure implementation
ROI from reduced development
and integration cost Direct and indirect returns from the
ROI from maintenance cost service
ROI from risk mitigation Additional ROI obtained from reuse
inputs guidance
Reference Matrix for ROI
inputs guidance
IT Strategic Planning Performance Measurement
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
Successful and Usable SOEA
EA and SOA Assessment and Maturity Models
Enterprise architecture maturity model
MIT, Center for Information Systems Research
OMB, Federal Government
Dept. of Commerce, Federal Government
Service architecture maturity model
IBM Service Integration Maturity Model (SIMM) ?
Service maturity model
Sonic (Progress Software), AmberPoint, BearingPoint,
Systinet
CGI, HP, Oracle, EDS
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal 16

17. SOEA Maturity Model Standardization
Integration, Evolution, and Standardization
Maturity Domains
Maturity Assessment Aspects and Success
Measures
Maturity Levels/Stages
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
Conclusion
Following topics are discussed, which
provides a reference for EA and SOA
integration via SOEA:
EA and SOA background
EA Benefits and Challenges
Where SOA can compensate – SOEA model
SOEA conceptual model
What SOEA means to an enterprise
Approach and methodologies for SOEA practice
SOEA: application, data, infrastructure
SOEA major benefits and ROI
Assessment for a successful and usable SOEA -
maturity models
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal
Yan Zhao, Ph.D, CGI Federal 17