2. DEMAND AND SUPPLY CYCLE CUSTOMERS SUPPLY OF PRODUCTS DEMAND FOR PRODUCTS OPERATIONS OTHER INPUTS OTHER OUTPUTS PASSED TO CREATE PASSED TO ARRANGE

3. ROLE OF LOGISTICS Internal supplier Internal customer Operations within the organization External supplier External customer Materials Management Outbound Logistics Inbound Logistics Logistics

6. Seedling Young Tree Mature Tree Logs Final Customer Small roll of Finished paper Large roll of paper Sheets of paper Packer Wholesaler Retailer Raw Paper Wood Pulp Grown by gardener Planted by forester Felled by logger Chipped Processed Processed Finishing Cutting Transport Transport Transport Purchase SUPPLY CHAIN FOR PAPER

7. EXAMPLE OF SUPPLY CHAIN Wholesaler Manufacturer Retailer Supplier Supplier Customer Customer

8. PROCESS OF SUPPLY CHAIN INTEGRATION Deliver Source Make Deliver Source Make Deliver Source Deliver Make Source Sub-supplier Supplier Enterprise Customer Sub-customer Enterprise Systems

9. SUPPLY CHAIN OF MILK FARM MILK TANKER COLLECTION Supplier Supplier Customer Customer DAIRY Supplier BOTTLING PLANT Customer supplier Customer SUPER MARKET DISTRIBUTER Customer Customer Customer Supplier Supplier

12. ACTIVITIES IN A SUPPLY CHAIN Initial Supplier 3 rd tier Supplier 2 nd tier Supplier 1 st tier Supplier Organization 1 st tier customer 2 nd tier customer 3rd tier customer Final customer Upstream activities Downstream activities

13. SUPPLY CHAIN AROUND A MANUFACTURER 3 rd tier Supplier 2 nd tier Supplier 1 st tier Supplier Manufacture 1 st tier customer 2 nd tierl customer 3rd tierl customer Material Supplier Component Supplier Sub-assembly Supplier Wholesalers Retailers End users

14. SUPPLY CHAIN STAGES Supplier Wholesaler / Distributor Retailer Customer Retailer Customer Wholesaler / Distributer Supplier Supplier Wholesaler / Distributor Customer Retailer Manufacturer Manufacturer Manufacturer

15. SUPPLY CHAIN STAGES-EXAMPLE OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ACC Refractory, Wholesaler / Distributor Retailer Ansal Builder Retailer Unitech, DLF Wholesaler / Distributer Supplier Indian Oil Wholesaler / Distributor Customer Retailer Manufacturer L&T Ultracement Manufacturer Manufacturer Saurashtra cement Hathi Cement

16. MOVEMENT WITHOUT A WHOLESALER Factories 24 routes customers

17. MOVEMENT WITH A WHOLESALER Factories 3 routes inwards customers WHOLESALER 8 routes outwards Using intermediaries simplifies the supply cahin

20. ACTIVITIES OF LOGISTICS Procurement / purchasing Inward transport Receiving Warehousing Stock control Order picking Materials handling Outward transport Physical distribution of finished goods Recycling, returns, and waste disposal Locations communication