MAHATMA GANDHI - LIFE STYLE,WORKS,EDCATION ETC

1. MAHATMA GANDHI
THE LEGEND OF INDIA

3. •Mohandas karamchand ganhi was
born on october 2 1869 to a modh
baniya family in porbandar.
•Gandhi father was karamchand
uttamchand gandhi,his mother
was putlibai gandhi.
•His father served as diwan
of porbandar state.
•Gandhi studied in Kattyawar high
school in rajkot .

4. EARLY LIFE
 Gandhi grew up with jaintraditions,customs,
practices.Jainism was an ancient religion
India.
 Some of his traditions werevegetarianism,
religious tolerance,fasting and compassion.
Gandhi’s father passed awaywhen hewas at
the age of Sixteeen,which drew Gandhi
into depression.

5. TEENAGE LIFE
 Mahatma Gandhi married kasturbai
makhanji when he was 13 years old.
 Mahatma Gandhi had four sons
 They are:-Harilal Gandhi
Ramdas Gandhi
Manilal Gandhi
Devdas Gandhi
 Mahatma Gandhi married kastur-
bai the year 1883.

6. EDUCATION
 Mahatma Gandhi studied in Alfred
high school in 1877.
 He was an average student and went to
London in 1888 to study Law at university
of London and also earned to become a
barrister.
 He even studied in samaldas artscollege
and tried to establish a Career.

7. ESTABLISHMENT OF CAREER
 His attempts at establishing a law practice in
Mumbai failed Later, after failing to
secure a part-time job as a high school
teacher, he ended up returning to Rajkot
to make a modest living drafting petitions
for litigants.In his autobiography, he
refers to this incident as an unsuccessful
attempt to lobby on behalf of his brother.

8. GANDHI IN SOUTH AFRICA
 In South Africa, Gandhi faced discrimination directed at Indians. He
was thrown off a train at Pietermaritzburg after refusing to move
from the first class to a third class coach while holding a valid first
class ticket.
 Traveling farther on by stagecoach he was beaten by a driver for
refusing to travel on the foot board to make room for a European
passenger.
 These events were a turning point in his life, awakening him to social
injustice and influencing his subsequent social activism.
 Gandhi was strictly against racial discrimination.

9. GANDHI IN SOUTH AFRICA
 As a result to bring changes Gandhi adopted
satyagrah which means “devotion to the
Truth”. He insisted Indians to defy the
Law and suffer through punishments
instead of resisting, then further satya
graha inspired many Indians and he was
successful in bringing changes through his
weapon satygraha.

10. GANDHI IN SOUTH AFRICA
 Gandhi served in and lead an Ambulance Corps Unit in both
the Boer War 1899-1892 and the Zulu War of 1906. Gandhi
hoped to gain full citizenship for Indians in South Africa, a
goal he did not achieve.

11. STRUGGLE FOR INDIAN
INDEPENDENCE(1915–1945)

12. RETURN TO INDIA
 In 1915, Gandhi returned from South Africa to live in India. He
spoke at the conventions of the Indian National Congress, but
was primarily introduced to Indian issues, politics.

13. ATTITUDE TOWARDS GANDHI
 Moderates did not like the use of satyagraha.
 Extremist leaders repelled by his studied moderation
towards the government.
 British attitude was deeply suspicious of his motives and
actions.

14. ROLE IN WORLD WAR I
 In April 1918, during the latter part of World War I, Gandhi
was invited by the Viceroy to a War Conference in Delhi.
Perhaps to show his support for the Empire and help his case
for India's independence, Gandhi agreed to actively recruit
Indians for the war effort. In contrast to the Zulu War of 1906
and the outbreak of World War I in 1914, when he recruited
volunteers for the Ambulance Corps, this time Gandhi
attempted to recruit combatants.

15. INITIAL AREAS OF SATYAGRAHA
 These were the most important areas where satygraha
played its major in role in bringing independence
to the entire nation.
 Champaran – Bihar
 Kheda – Gujarat
 Ahmadabad - Gujarat

16. CHAMPARAN MOVEMENT

17. CHAMPARAN SATYAGRAHA:1917
 10th April: Gandhiji arrives Patna in way to Champaran with Raj Kumar Shukla.
Started for Muzafferpur. Prof J. B. Kriplani welcomes at Muzafferpur Station.
Stayed in Hostel during Night.
 15th April: Gandhiji arrives Motihari at 3P.M. and stayed at the residence of Gorakh
Prasad, advocate.
 16th April: Gandhiji was served order by government of leaving district by first
available train. Gandhiji returned to Motihari and gave letter of his intension of not
obeying the order to District Magistrate.
 17th April: Wrote a letter to District Magistrate showing his willingness to go to
nearby village.

18. CHAMPARAN SATYAGRAHA
 18th Apr 1917 :Appeared in the court of Sub Divisional Magistrate of Motihari and
gave Historic Statement of reason for not obeying the order. Case was adjourned till
21st Apr.
 19th Apr : In protest against the order of leaving the district, executive committee of
Bihar Provincial Union decided to send a letter to viceroy.
 20th Apr : Government ordered for withdrawal of case against Gandhiji and
instructed the District Collector for making arrangements during his enquiry period.
First Victory of Satyagrah in Champaran.
 10th Jun : Formation of Enquiry Committee. Subject and name of seven members
announced. Gandhiji was one of the member.

19. CHAMPARAN SATYAGRAHA
 11th Jul :Gandhiji attended the primary meeting for deciding the legality and subject
of his Champaran enquiry in Ranchi.
 25th Jul : Meeting of Enquiry Committee in front of committee the District
Magistrate and manager of Rajepur Kothi (Neel Factory) E.A. Hudson.
 23rd Sep :Met Lt. Governer and talked about Champaran.
 6th Oct :Lt. Governor accepted the report of Champaran Enquiry Committee.
 18th Oct 1917 : Government accepted the recommendation of Champaran Enquiry
Committee and published his opinion. AND THIS WAS THE VICTORY OF FIRST
PEACEFUL MOVEMENT (SATYAGRAH) BY GANDHIJI IN CHAMPARAN.

20. CHAMPARAN SATYAGRAHA
 8th Nov : Gandhiji arrives with his wife Kasturba and volunteer in Motihari for
educating people.
 14th Nov 1917 : Gandhiji started first school at Barharwa Lakhansen near Dhaka.
 4th Mar 1918 : Governor General of India signed on Agreain Bill and all black law
along with 'Tinkathia ' abolished.
 1st May 1918 :Governor General finally signed the Act and thus the end of "NEEL
KAABHISHAP“
 24th May 1918:Layed the Foundation of Ashram at Motihari and left for
Ahmedabad. THUS THE END OF CHAMPARAN SATYAGRAH
ANDOLAN(MOVEMENT).

21. KHEDA SATYAGRAHA:1918

22. KHEDA SATYAGRAHA
 In 1918, Gandhiji learned that the peasants of Kheda
district in Gujarat were in extreme distress due to the
failure of crops, and that their appeals for the remission of
land revenue were being ignored by the government.
 As the crops were less than one fourth of the normal yield,
the peasants were entitled under the revenue code to a
total remission of the land revenue.

23. KHEDA SATYAGRAHA
 Gandhiji organised Satyagraha and asked the cultivators not to
pay land revenue till their demand for remission was met.
 The struggle was withdrawn, when the government issued
instructions that revenue should be recovered only from those
peasants who could afford to pay.
 Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was one of the many young persons
who became Gandhiji's follower during the Kheda peasant
struggle.

24. AHMEDABAD MILL STRIKE

25. AHMEDABAD MILL STRIKE
 The next scene of Gandhiji's activity was in 1918 at
Ahmedabad where an agitation had been going on
between the labourers and the owners of a cotton textile
mill for an increase of pay.
 While Gandhiji was negotiating with the millowners, he
advised the workers to go on strike and to demand 35%
increase in wages.

26. AHMEDABAD MILL STRIKE
 Having advised the strikers to depend upon their
conscience, Gandhiji himself went on a "fast unto death"
to strengthen the workers resolved to continue the strike.
 The mill owners gave away and a settlement was reached
after 21 days of strike. The millowners agreed to submit
the whole issue to a tribunal.

27. AHMEDABAD MILL STRIKE
 The strike was withdrawn and retrieval later awarded the
35% increase that the workers had demanded.
 Ambalal Sarabhai's sister, Anasuya Behn, was one of the
main lieutenants of Gandhiji in this struggle in which her
brother and Gandhiji's friend was one of the main
advisories.

28. JALLIANWALA BAGH

29. As the Rowlatt act was hurriedly passed by the imperial
Legislative Council, Mahatma Gandhi wanted non-violent
civil disobedience against the unjust laws, which would start
with a hartal on 6 April. On 10 April, the police in Amritsar
fired upon a peaceful processions. As Martial law was
imposed and General Dyer took command. On 13 April the
infamous Jallianwala bagh incident took place. Hundreds
were killed and injured. His object, as he declared later, was to
‘produce a moral effect’, to create in the minds of satyagrahis
a felling of terror and awe.

30. NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT
 Mahatma Gandhi led his non-violent nationalist movement
satyagraha, as a protest against government repression such as
theRowlatt act of 1919, and the jallianwalabagh massacre of
April 1919.
 To enlist Muslim support in his movement, Gandhi supported
khilafat cause and became a member of the Central Khilafat
Committee.

31. NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT
 Began in January 1921 and ended in February 1922 with the
chauri chaura incident.
 It aimed to resist British occupation of India through non
violent means.

32. NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT
 Chauri Chaura is a town near Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, known
most for an event in February 1922 during the British Raj when a
police station)was set on fire by a mob of angry citizens, killing 23
policemen inside. Due to this incident mahatma Gandhi called a halt
to the non-cooperation movement.
 This movement represents the struggle of peasants under non
cooperation movement.

33. IMPRISONMENT
 Gandhi was arrested on 10 March 1922, tried for sedition, and
sentenced to six years' imprisonment. He began his sentence on 18
March 1922.
 He was released in February 1924 for an appendicitis operation,
having served only 2 years.
 Without Gandhi's uniting personality, the
Indian National Congress began to splinter
during his years in prison.

34. GANDHI’S LIFE STYLE

35. SUCCESSFUL INDEPENDENCE
 When the moment of freedom came, on 15 August 1947,
Gandhi was nowhere to be seen in the capital, though Nehru
and the entire Constituent Assembly were to salute him as the
architect of Indian independence, as the 'father of the nation'.

36. END OF GANDHI ERA
 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, better known as
Mahatma Gandhi, was assassinated at the Birla House
(now Gandhi Smriti) in New Delhi on 30th january1948.

38. THE END
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