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República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Educación Universitaria
Instituto Universitario Politécnico “Santiago Mariño”
Extensión Col – Ciudad Ojeda
TECNOLOGIA DE LOS MATERIALES
Alumna
Yennifer Valenzuela
C.I : 22.903.106
Cod.# 45
Defectos de las estructuras cristalinas
Estructuras cristalinas
Es un concepto teórico que permite comprender como están formados los
materiales.
Clasificación de los defectos
Defectos puntuales
Se dan a nivel de posiciones
de los átomos individuales
Principales defectos
Vacancias
Son puntos de red vacios en
la estructura del material.
Átomos sustitucionales
Se da cuando se reemplaza
un átomo por otro de un tipo
distinto.
Atomos intersticiales
Son átomos que ocupan
lugares que no están definidos
en la estructura cristalina.
Defectos de superficie
Son imperfecciones de la
estructura cristalina ubicados en
un área determinada del material.
Principales defectos
Defectos lineales
Superficie del material
Es un defecto de la estructura
cristalina porque se rompe la
simetría con que los átomos están
enlazados.
Fronteras de grano
Es la superficie que separa los
granos, una zona estrecha en la
cual los átomos no están
correctamente espaciados.
Se dan a nivel de varios
átomos confinados
generalmente a un plano
Defecto lineal mas
importante
Dislocaciones
Se generan durante la
solidificación o la
deformación plástica de los
materiales cristalinos. Y
consisten en planos “extra”
de átomos insertados en la
estructura cristalina.

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defectos en las estructuras cristalinas

  • 1. República Bolivariana de Venezuela Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Educación Universitaria Instituto Universitario Politécnico “Santiago Mariño” Extensión Col – Ciudad Ojeda TECNOLOGIA DE LOS MATERIALES Alumna Yennifer Valenzuela C.I : 22.903.106 Cod.# 45
  • 2. Defectos de las estructuras cristalinas Estructuras cristalinas Es un concepto teórico que permite comprender como están formados los materiales. Clasificación de los defectos Defectos puntuales Se dan a nivel de posiciones de los átomos individuales Principales defectos Vacancias Son puntos de red vacios en la estructura del material. Átomos sustitucionales Se da cuando se reemplaza un átomo por otro de un tipo distinto. Atomos intersticiales Son átomos que ocupan lugares que no están definidos en la estructura cristalina. Defectos de superficie Son imperfecciones de la estructura cristalina ubicados en un área determinada del material. Principales defectos Defectos lineales Superficie del material Es un defecto de la estructura cristalina porque se rompe la simetría con que los átomos están enlazados. Fronteras de grano Es la superficie que separa los granos, una zona estrecha en la cual los átomos no están correctamente espaciados. Se dan a nivel de varios átomos confinados generalmente a un plano Defecto lineal mas importante Dislocaciones Se generan durante la solidificación o la deformación plástica de los materiales cristalinos. Y consisten en planos “extra” de átomos insertados en la estructura cristalina.