China’s emergence in the global wind power industry
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China’s emergence in the global wind power industry
- 1. From Technology Transfer to Local Manufacturing: China’s Emergence in the Global Wind Power Industry Dr. Joanna Lewis Senior International Fellow Pew Center on Global Climate Change Presented at the Woodrow Wilson Center’s China Environment Forum October 2, 2006 Photo: Wind farm construction in Inner Mongolia, April 2004.
- 4. Energy resources and demand = provinces with wind farms Xinjiang Inner Mongolia Beijing Shanghai Guangdong 50% of population, 77% of GDP 95% of coal resources
- 7. 2003 wind turbine sales market shares China (98 MW) Global (8,331 MW) Source: BTM Consulting, International Wind Energy Development World Market Update 2003, March 2004.
- 8. History of wind companies in China 1991 2004 NEG Micon Zond Enron Wind Micon Nordex Vestas Xi’an Aero Engine Corp. US Windpower/ Kenetech Vestas Tacke Xi’an--Nordex GE Wind Nordex Goldwind Jacobs (REpower) license Xinjiang Wind Energy Co. Nordtank NEG Micon Goutou
- 10. Ownership, innovation, manufacturing and intellectual property Majority of turbine content Goldwind GE Wind Xi’an-Nordex Nordex NEG Micon-Goutou NEG Micon/ Vestas Turbine IPR ownership Turbine design Company ownership
- 18. Electricity costs in China ($/kWh) Costs are in US$, converted from Chinese Yuan at $1 = 8.2 Yuan. Sources: Wind cost data: 1990,2000: reported wholesale prices. 2010: projection based on 5% per year decline. Coal cost data: 1990,2000: reported wholesale prices. 2010: estimates based on market projections. Gas cost data: 1990, estimate (minimal gas used for electricity). 2000: estimate based on relative relationship to cost of coal. 2010: estimate based on market projections including recent gas acquisitions. Note: Government has indicated wholesale prices for natural gas may be subsidized. gas coal wind $0.04-$0.07 $0.03-$0.04 $0.01-0.02 $0.03-$0.05 $0.04-$0.07 $0.08-$0.10 $0.07-$0.10 $0.06-$0.08 $0.04-0.07 2010 2000 1990
Notas del editor
- Wind power is the fastest growing energy source in the world (over 20% annual growth for past decade) China still a small share of world installations, but scaling up rapidly Target for 30 GW by 2020
- China has abundant coal resources as we know Currently coal fuels about ¾ of electricity demand Wind only about 1 percent China’s reliance on coal is constrained, not just for environmental reasons, but also because of mismatch between resource and demand. Left of line, right of line Blue are provinces developing wind (may be slightly out of date) but shows that although good wind resources in N and W, also in E where demand is growing very quickly Can talk more about pricing later if people are interested, but price has come down with competitive bidding in last couple years, not quite competitive with coal but definitely comparable with natural gas, some hydro, nuclear (being used for much of eastern coastal new capacity)
- Most of the leading global manufacturers also have a large share of the Chinese market. This is 2003 (when I began my research). What has changed in China: NEG Micon merged with Vestas, GE bigger (1/5), Gamesa also bigger worldwide incl China.