synthesis of the design concept- different techniques in generating creative ideas in architectural design 2

1. FUE - Future University in Egypt
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
Department of Architectural Engineering
ARC 322: History & Theories of
Architecture (4)
Fall 2016
Instructor:
Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Lecture 4: Synthesis of the design
concept: different techniques in
generating creative ideas in
architectural design

2. Site Determinants
• Topography
• Climate
• Geography
• Demographic
• Geology
• History
• Social characteristics and conditions
• Economic conditions
• Legal, legislative and administrative conditions
• Location and visual aspects
• Land use
• Characteristics of man-made environment
• Circulation
• Technology
• Others

3. Physical Concepts
• Location
 View
 Harmony with nature
 Underground architecture

4. Cultural Factors
• Historical factors
• Religious factors
• Social factors
• Economic factors
• Political factors
• Functional factors

5. Spatial Relations
 The pragmatic space
 The perceptual space
 The existential space
 The cognitive space
 The abstract space

6. Qualities of Space
 Proportion
 Scale
 Form
 Definition
 Color
 Texture
 Pattern
 Enclosure
 Light
 View

7. Visual Design Factors: Form Characteristics
• Continuity
 Sequence
 Repetition and Rhythm
 Balance: Symmetrical & Asymmetrical
 Proportion
 Pattern, texture and color
 Hierarchy
 Transparency
 Direction
 Motion
 Time
 Sensory Qualities

8. Visual Design Factors: Visual factors
• Visual perception:
– Structural approach
– Evaluative approach
– Orientation
– Spacescape
 Lynch 1 (Image of the City):
path, node, edge, district, and
landmarks
 Lynch 2 (Theory of Place):
Legibility, Structure and
Identity, Imageability and
Sequentiality

9. Kevin Lynch - The Image of the City
1. Path
2. Node
3. Edge
4. District, and
5. Landmarks

10. Visual Design Factors: Visual Organization
Gestalt Theory (Proximity, similarity, continuity, closure)
 Law of Proximity
 Law of Similarity
 Law of Continuity: good continuance
 Law of Closure: forces of organization
 Symmetry, Inclusiveness, Unity, Harmony, Regularity,
Conciseness, Maximal Simplicity

11. Visual Design Factors: Visual Organization
Gestalt Theory (Proximity, similarity,
continuity, closure)
 Law of Proximity
 Law of Similarity
 Law of Continuity: good
continuance
 Law of Closure: forces of
organization
 Symmetry, Inclusiveness, Unity,
Harmony, Regularity, Conciseness,
Maximal Simplicity

14. Visual Organization
• Figure/Ground
 Surface/Edge
 Outline/Object
 Autonomous figures

15. Architectural Compositions
• Unity
• Coherence
• Incoherence

16. Visual fields
 Minimal heterogeneity
 Proximity
 Resemblance
 Enclosure
 Common orientation
 Symmetry
 Repetition

17. Shape, Pattern, and Form
• Linear shape
 The circle
 The ring
 The organic shape
 The square
 The ellipse
 Star shape
 Hexagonal shape
 Rectilinear shape
 The grid
 Radiocentric shape
 Branch shape
 The organic pattern

18. Size (Scale)
• Monumental
• Bulky
• Minimal
• Human
• Vehicular

19. Color
• Theory of colors
• Formal organization
• Properties
• Perception

20. Age: The traditional and the modern
 ignore
 respect
 imitate
 copy
 contrast
 hide away
 integrate

21. Construction
• Materials
 Methods
 Systems
 Cast-in-situ
 Pre-cast
 Lift-slab
 Tunnel form
 Flying shutters
 Pre-stressed

22. Structure System
• Bearing walls
 Skeleton
 Shell and Vault
 Space truss
 Space frame
 Geodesic dome
 Tent Structure
 Folded plates
 Verandel Girders
 Verndeal Floors
 Tensile Structures
 ...

23. Arabic/Islamic Design Ideas
• The Courtyard
• The alleyway and the courtyard
• Al Saha
• Al Qasabah
• Al Mafrouka
• The Islamic Star

24. Other Ideas
• Using the hard line
 Using straight and hard lines
 Using straight and curved lines
 The curved paths
 The axis and the courtyard
 The organic pattern
 The cal-de-sac
 The spine
 The inclined axis
 The irregular axis
 Direction
 Tilting the mass

25. Other Ideas
• Shifting the center of the shape
 The arcade
 The crack
 The podium
 The layers
 The cluster
 The organic disorganic contrast
 Contrast between the solid mass and the fragmented
masses
 Contrast between the curved solid mass and the fragmented
masses
 Transition in space: open, semi-open, closed
 Sequence of space
 Satellite

26. Other Ideas
• The frame
 The rounded corners
 The muqarnass
 The triangle
 Parts of the octagon
 Square with a circle
 Part of a curve
 Shapes at random
 THE SQUARE
 Circles
 Tilted square
 The octagon
 Straight line with free line

27. Examples
Yacht
Sails

28. Examples
Palm
Trees

29. Examples
Horseshoe
Crab Shell

30. Examples
Hands
Clasped In
Prayer

31. Illustrations of Concept

32. From Sketch to Reality
Michael Lee-Chin Crystal, Toronto

35. Concept Sketches

37. Illustrations of Concepts

38. Illustrations of Concepts

39. Illustrations of Concepts

45. Examples of Drawings

49. Examples

50. The Palm Mosque at the King Saud University
in Riyadh by the architect Basil Al Bayati based
upon the form of a palm tree.

51. Lotus Temple in New Delhi, India, by Fariborz Sahba
based on a lotus flower

52. TWA Flight Center building in New York City, by
Eero Saarinen, inspired by the form of a bird’s
wing

53. Sydney Opera House, in Australia, by Jørn
Utzon that is derived from the sails of ships in
the harbour

54. Kuwait Parliament Building, in Kuwait, by Jørn
Utzon that is derived from the traditional tent
fabrics using reinforced precast concrete.

55. Qatar National Museum, in Doha, by Jean
Nouvel that is derived from the desert rose.

56. Activity

57. Can you identify the concept?

58. The concept!

59. Can you identify the concept?

60. The concept!