A blood glucose test measures the amount of a type of sugar, called glucose, in your blood. Glucose comes from carbohydrate, Protein and Lipid. It is the main source of energy used by the body. Insulin is a hormone that helps your body's cells use the glucose. Insulin is produced in the pancreas and released into the blood when the amount of glucose in the blood rises.

1. Blood Glucose Tests
A blood glucose test measures the amount of a type of sugar, called glucose, in
your blood. Glucose comes from carbohydrate, Protein and Lipid. It is the main
source of energy used by the body. Insulin is a hormone that helps your body's
cells use the glucose. Insulin is produced in the pancreas and released into the
blood when the amount of glucose in the blood rises.
Normally, your blood glucose levels increase slightly after you eat. This increase
causes your pancreas to release insulin so that your blood glucose levels do not
get too high. Blood glucose levels that remain high over time can damage your
eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.

2. Synopsis
Different Types Of Blood Glucose Test
Why Blood Glucose Test Is Done
Conditions That Alter Blood Glucose Levels
What Affects The Test
Results

3. There are several different types of blood glucose tests
Fasting Plasma
Glucose(Sugar)
Blood Test(FBS)
2-Hour
Postprandial
Blood Sugar
Random
Glucose
(Sugar) Test
(RGT)
HbA1c
Oral Glucose
Tolerance Test (OGTT)

4. Random Blood Glucose (Sugar) Test
It measures Blood Glucose regardless of when you last ate.
This test is useful because glucose levels in healthy people do not vary widely
throughout the day.
This test is also called a casual blood glucose test.
No special preparation is required before having a random blood sugar

5. Fasting Blood Sugar Test (FBS)
It measures blood glucose after you have not eaten for at least 8 hours.
It is often the first test done to check for Prediabetes and Diabetes
For a fasting blood sugar test, do not eat or drink anything other than water for at
least 8 hours before the blood sample is taken.
If you have diabetes, you may be asked to wait until you have had your blood tested
before taking your morning dose of insulin or diabetes medicine. You may have a
random blood sugar test instead, which will not require an 8-hour fast.

6. 2-Hour Postprandial Blood Sugar Test
It measures Blood glucose exactly 2 hours after you start eating a meal
This is not a test used to diagnose Diabetes
This test is used to see the right amount of insulin with meals taken by Diabetic
Patient.
For a 2-hour postprandial test, start eating a meal exactly 2 hours before the blood
sample is taken. A home blood sugar test is the most common way to check 2-hour
postprandial blood sugar levels.

7. Hemoglobin A1c Test
It is also known as a Glycohemoglobin Test.
It measures how much sugar (Glucose) is stuck to red blood cells.
This test can be used to diagnosis diabetes.
It also shows how well your diabetes has been controlled in the past 2 to 3 months
and whether your diabetes medicine needs to be changed.
The result of your A1c can be used to estimate your average blood sugar level. This is
called your estimated average glucose, or eAG.
No special preparation is required before having a random blood sugar

8. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
It is used to diagnosis prediabetes and Diabetes
An oral glucose tolerance test is a series of blood glucose measurements taken after
you drink a sweet liquid that contains glucose.
This test is commonly used to diagnose diabetes that occurs during pregnancy
(Gestational Diabetes).
Women who had high blood sugar levels during pregnancy may have oral glucose
tolerance tests after pregnancy.
For an oral glucose tolerance test, you'll need to follow a special diet for 3 days
before the test. And do not eat, drink, smoke, or exercise strenuously for at least 8 hours
before your first blood sample is taken.

9. Why it is Done
Blood Glucose tests are done to:
Check for Prediabetes and Diabetes
Monitor treatment of Diabetes
Check for diabetes that occurs during pregnancy
Determine if an abnormally low blood sugar level (Hypoglycemia) is present.
A test to measure blood levels of insulin and a protein called C- peptide may be done
along with a blood glucose test to determine the cause of hypoglycemia

10. Many conditions can change your blood glucose levels
High values conditions that can cause high blood glucose
levels include:
Severe stress
Heart attack
Stroke
Cushing's syndrome
Medicines such as corticosteroids
Excess production of growth hormone (Acromegaly)

11. Low values
A fasting glucose level below 40 mg/dL in women or below 50 mg/dL in men that is
accompanied by symptoms of hypoglycaemia may mean you have an insulinoma, a
tumor that produces abnormally high amounts of insulin.
It is also may be caused by:
Addison's disease
Decreased thyroid hormone levels (hypothyroidism)
A tumor in the pituitary gland
Liver disease, (Cirrhosis)
Kidney failure
Malnutrition or an eating disorder (Anorexia)
Medicines used to treat diabetes

12. What Affects the Test
Eating or drinking less than 8 hours before a fasting blood test or less than 2 hours
before a 2-hour postprandial test.
Drinking alcohol on the day of the test or several days before the test.
Illness or emotional stress, smoking, and caffeine.
Taking a medicine. Make sure that your doctor knows about any medicines you take
and how often you take them.
Glucose levels in urine can also be measured. Many people with diabetes have
glucose in their urine. But the level in the blood must be very high before glucose can
be detected in the urine. For this reason, tests for glucose in urine are not used to
diagnose or monitor diabetes.

13. Results
Results are often ready in 1 to 2 hours. Glucose levels in a blood sample taken from
your vein (called a blood plasma value) may differ a little from glucose levels checked
with a finger stick.
Fasting Blood Glucose Less than or equal to 100mg/dL – For Normal
Person
More Than 126mg/dL- Diabetes
2 hours after eating (Postprandial) Less than 240mg/dL for age 50 and younger,
Less than 150mg/dL for people 50-60,
Less than 160mg/dL for people age 60 and
older
Random Test Levels vary depending on when and how
much you ate at your last meal. In general:
80–120 mg/dL before meals or when waking
up; 100–140 mg/dL at bedtime.
HbA1c < 7% for Diabetic Patient
About 5 %- Normal
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test More than 200 – Diabetes
139 or Below- Normal

14. Low Salt Low
Carbohydrate
Low Sugar
Low Lipid (Fat
and Cholesterol)
Prepared By
Sakshi Dubey
sakshikumaridubey@gmail.com