1. Biomass renewable energy in Asia has key opportunities in community services, enterprises, and households by providing solutions such as irrigation, transportation, food processing, lighting, and cooking. 2. These solutions can have positive impacts like increased incomes, agricultural output and efficiency, reduced fuel and operating costs, and improved food preservation and indoor air quality. 3. Countries with the most potential include China, Indonesia, Thailand, and India due to their sufficient biomass resources, government support programs, and large unelectrified populations.

1. 熱情
Biomax Success Factors
and Opportunities in Asia
Flow Inc. Young Yang
Email: im.young.yang@gmail.com

2. Biomass Renewable Energy Key Success Factors
Farm Capital grant
Enterprise Investment
Food / wood processing Soft loan
Paper / pulp mill Investment Tax reduction
Coffee / Ceramics
Irrigation Quota obligation
Community Customers’ Government Operating Public Tender
School
Solution Support Feed-in tariffs
Health care
District heat and cool Fiscal incentives
Equipment cost Initial Cap. Financial Biomass Forestry residues
Wood
Sustainability Consistency Construction wood residues
Lumber mills
Black liquor in pulp/paper mill
Biomass feedstock price O&M Cost
Electricity Price Nutshells
Agriculture
Maintenance Cube grasses
Labor cost Corn / Wheat / Rice
Coconut / coffee bean
•Irrigation significantly contributes to farm productivity and wages. 1
•Feed-in tariffs achieves greater renewable energy penetration. 2
•Transportation represents 30 ~ 50% of feedstock cost. 3
•Heat and electricity price are sensitive to the investment return 4
•Recommended Countries: China, Thailand, and India
1.Scongco, J., 2002. Do Rural Infrastructure Investments Benefit the Poor? World bank working paper 2796,
2. European Communities 2008, The support of electricity from renewable energy sources
3. Biotechnolgy Industry Organization 2006, Achieving sustainable production of agricultural biomass for biorefinery feedstock
4. Based on CPC Biomax cost calculation sheet
2

3. Government Support
Fully support PRELIMINARY Solutio Gover
n nment
Moderate support Financ Bioma
No policy support ial ss
Validation in second stage
Capital Soft Investment Quota Fiscal Feed-in
Grant Loan Tax Obligation Incentives Tariffs
Japan   
Korea*   
Taiwan  
China      
Capital Soft Investment Quota Fiscal Feed-in
Grant Loan Tax Obligation Incentives Tariffs
Philippines  
Indonesia  
Fully support
Capital Soft Investment Quota Fiscal Feed-in
Grant Loan Tax Obligation Incentives Tariffs
Government Support Scheme Moderate support
No policy support
Vietnam
Malaysia     China, Malaysia, Thailand, India
Thailand      Japan, Korea*, Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia
Myanmar
Vietnam, Myanmar
India     
3
*Korea regulation prevents from burning solid biomass in urban area and most of supports for natural gas CHP

4. Biomass Consistency PRELIMINARY
Sufficient biomass** Solutio Gover
n nment
Moderate biomass Financ Bioma
ial ss
Limited biomass
Validation in second stage
Sugar Oil Coco Cassa Pea
Forest Paddy Maize
cane Palm nut va nut
Japan 
Korea  
Taiwan
China     
Sugar Oil Coco Cassa Pea
Forest Paddy Maize
cane Palm nut va nut
Philippines   
Indonesia        
Sufficient biomass
Sugar Oil Coco Cassa Pea Biomass Resources Moderate biomass
Forest Paddy Maize
cane Palm nut va nut Limited biomass
Vietnam   
Malaysia   China, Indonesia, Thailand, India
Thailand     Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia
Myanmar  
Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Myanmar
India     
4
•Source: FAO 2006, PROMOTION OF BIOGAS AND BIOMASS IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC , Asian and Pacific Centre for Agricultural Engineering and Machinery
** Check Criteria: Production forest area is over 10M ha; Annual agriculture production is over 10,000 tons

5. Customers’ Solution PRELIMINARY
All population with electricity Solutio Gover
n nment
Less 10M w/o electricity Financ Bioma
ial ss
Over 10M w/o electricity
Validation in second stage
Population without
Electrification
electricity1
rate (%)
(millions)
India 487.2 56
Indonesia 101.2 54
Myanmar 45.1 11
Philippines 16.2 81
Vietnam 13.2 84
Cambodia 10.9 20
China 8.5 99
Thailand 0.6 99
Malaysia 0.6 98
Japan 0 100
Korea 0 100
Taiwan 0 100
The Impacts of the irrigation system
•77% income increased, India
•$5+ value adds to agriculture output originally worth
Potential Countries for Community Services
$1, Australia
•1% increase in irrigation along with 0.41% increase of India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Philippines,
output per worker & 1.13% decrease of poverty
Vietnam, Cambodia, China
incidence, PRC 2
•$60-$70 diesel cost reduced per 100 pump installed,
Pakistan 2
5
1. Source: 2007/2008 Human Development Reports, UNDP, http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/
2. Can Renewable Energy Make a Real Contribution? Global Network On Energy For Sustainable Development, 2006

6. ~ 10 Years breakeven
~ 20 years breakeven
> 20 years breakeven
Financial Sustainability PRELIMINARY Solutio Gover
n nment
Validation in second stage
Financ Bioma
Electricity and LPG Price in Asia countries1 ial ss
Country Avg. Electricity Tariff Avg. LPG Price
(USD/kwh) (USD/million Btu)
Philippines 0.29 22.99
Korea 0.20 28.602
Japan 0.15 22.33
India 0.11 17.742
China 0.09 20.37
Taiwan 0.08 23.99
Malaysia 0.07 11.702
Thailand 0.07 13.572
Vietnam 0.07 2.61
Indonesia 0.06 7.05
~ 10 years breakeven
Financial Sustainability ~ 20 years breakeven
> 20 years
Philippines, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, China, India
Thailand, Malaysia
Vietnam, Indonesia
6
1. Source: Government website, power company, and gas company
2. 2008 Data

7. Appendix
7

8. Biomass resources in Asia-Forest
Resource: FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization 2005

9. Biomass resources in Asia-Agricultural Product
Resource: NEDO, New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, 2007

10. Population without electricity and Energy Supply Portfolio
2007/2008 Population without electricity and Total Primary Energy Supply Portfolio
Population Hydro, solar, Biomass
Total primary energy
without Electrification wind, and Nuclear
supply (TPES) (Mt of Coal(%) Oil(%) Gas(%)
electricity rate (%) geothermal waste (%)
oil equivalent), 2005
(millions) (%) (%)
India 487.2 56 537.3 38.7 23.9 5.4 1.7 29.4 0.8
Indonesia 101.2 54 179.5 14.2 36.6 17.1 3.7 28.5 0.0
Myanmar 45.1 11 14.7 0.6 13.7 14.4 1.8 69.6 0.0
Philippines 16.2 81 44.7 13.6 35.4 5.9 20.7 24.4 0.0
Vietnam 13.2 84 51.3 15.8 24.3 9.6 3.6 46.7 0.0
Cambodia 10.9 20 4.8 0.0 26.6 0.0 0.1 73.2 0.0
China 8.5 99 1717.2 63.3 18.5 2.3 2.0 13.0 0.8
Thailand 0.6 99 100.0 11.2 45.5 25.9 0.5 16.5 0.0
Malaysia 0.6 98 61.3 9.6 43.3 41.8 0.8 4.5 0.0
Japan 0 100 530.5 21.1 47.4 13.3 2.0 1.2 15.0
Korea 0 100 213.8 23.1 45.0 12.8 0.2 1.0 17.9
Taiwan* 0 100 138.4 32.0 51.0 8.0 2.0 0 7.0
source: Human Development Reports, UNDP
Taiwan source: 2006 中華民國能源結構 http://web2.moeaboe.gov.tw/ecw/About/energy%20situation/main/ch_05.html
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11. Customer Solutions
Solutio Gover
n nment
Solutions Impacts Financ Bioma
ial ss
•Irrigation •77% income increased, India;
$5+ value adds to agriculture output originally worth $1, Australia;
1% increase in irrigation along with 0.41% increase of output per worker &
1.13% decrease of poverty incidence, PRC1;
Community $60-$70 diesel cost reduced per 100 pump installed, Pakistan 2
Services •Transportation •50 Gallons syndiesel from 1 ton boimass, reducing diesel imported
•Health care •Refrigerator for vaccine preservation 2
(CPC Biomax power supply sustain1 month consistently)
•Education •Light for night classes 2
•Rice drying •$10 per ton of cost saving in logistic and drying by the regional dryer
system, Taiwan 6
•Rural Electricity Enterprises (REE) •Biomax 1 month nonstop vs. current REE 11 hrs services, Cambodia 7;
Replace deforestation by plantation of Leucaena, a fast
growing & nitrogen-fixed tree, Cambodia4
Enterprises
•Food processing & heat-related •50-60% fuelwood saved by gasification instead of traditional stove,
industry 10-20% increase in agriculture product price, Nepal & India 2;
50% annealing operation cost reduced in metallurgy sector, India 3
•Battery charging Stations (BSC) •$0.22-0.52 / kWh of recharging batteries, average charged twice a week.
Around $0.08 / kWh by BioMax 75, Cambodia8
•Lighting •Reduce indoor air pollution; Kill over 1M people per year by kerosene 5
•Cooking •5-7 times of efficiency improved by gasification stove 2
Households
•Refrigeration •Better preservation of food 2
•Communication •Electricity for radio, TV, telephones, etc. 2
1. Infrastructure and Poverty Reduction. What is the Connection? Asia Development Back, Jan 2003 6. 稻米調製機械擴增與改善計畫執行成果 ,Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taiwan , 2009
2. Can Renewable Energy Make a Real Contribution? Global Network On Energy For Sustainable Development, 2006 7. A Survey of Small-Scale Private Service Providers in Electricity and Water Supply: Cambodia, Public-
3. Barriers and Unlocking Potentials. Global Network On Energy For Sustainable Development, 2007 Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility, Jan 2009
4. Potential for rural electrification based on biomass gasification in Cambodia, Biomass and Bioenergy (2007) 656-664 8. Renewable Energy Issues: NEDO’s Experience in Southeast ASIA, NEDO
5. Small-Scale Bioenergy Initiatives: Brief description and preliminary lessons on livelihood impacts from case studies in Asia, Latin America
and Africa, FAO, Jan 2009