1. Research Writing
Yogesh Dandawate

2. What do you expect from me?
Why are you here?

3. RESEARCHERS DILEMMA
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4. Researchers FAQ!
1. What are hot research topics?
2. How to identify/ frame a research problem?
3. What are the open problems in my area of
research?
4. Who are key researchers in my domain?
5. How to identify the key papers in my domain?
6. How can go about research?
1. What are key milestones in my research?
2. Publishing (Why, What, Where, When, how)
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5. What’s hot?

6. Researcher Focus

7. Researchers FAQ!
1. What are hot research topics?
2. How to identify/ frame a research problem?
3. What are the open problems in my area of
research?
4. Who are key researchers in my domain?
5. How to identify the key papers in my domain?
6. How can go about research?
1. What are key milestones in my research?
2. Publishing (Why, What, Where, When, how)
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8. How to identify/ frame a research problem?
A Million Dollar Question
Researcher
Guide
<<Match>>
Research Interest Research Interest
Defines Problem Find Solution
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9. Just for Gags
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10. Researchers FAQ!
1. What are hot research topics?
2. How to identify/ frame a research problem?
3. What are the open problems in my area of
research?
4. Who are key researchers in my domain?
5. How to identify the key papers in my domain?
6. How can go about research?
1. What are key milestones in my research?
2. Publishing (Why, What, Where, When, how)
7. Research Tools
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11. How can go about research?
Preferred
Write research approach when
Idea Do research conclusions are
paper
to be published
•Clear focus
Write Do Write •Crystallizes our
Idea working research understanding
paper research paper •Opens a way of
dialogue/
discussion/
brainstorming
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12. General approach to research
Identify problem/idea: Rationale behind why this problem is
important; Is it a open problem? survey of available solutions to the
problem?
Support the problem with theory (Literature study)
Study and identify/decide the method to solve the problem.
Develop solution/ alternative solution
Do Experiments, Simulations, collection of Data etc.
Validation of solution
Results and discussion
Conclusion
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13. Researchers FAQ!
1. What are hot research topics?
2. How to identify/ frame a research problem?
3. What are the open problems in my area of
research?
4. Who are key researchers in my domain?
5. How to identify the key papers in my domain?
6. How can go about research?
1. What are key milestones in my research?
2. Publishing (Why, What, Where, When, How)
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14. WHAT ARE KEY MILESTONES IN MY
RESEARCH?
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15. Milestones
Research
Results with
Propose benchmarking
Methodology
to solve
Literature problem with
Survey validation
Problem
Identification
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16. WHY PUBLISH?
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17. Why Publish
Greatest ideas are worthless Knowledge is generated in various
if you keep them to yourself forms:
• Experience
• Capability/Proficiency
Goal • Use cases
• To infect the readers mind • Problems-Solutions
• New ideas/design/thoughts
with your idea almost like a
virus
Some Fallacies Knowledge should be shared.
• You need a fantastic idea to
write a research paper How to share?
Publish
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18. WHAT CAN I PUBLISH?
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19. Milestones
Working National International
Journal
Conference conference conference
Journal
Research
Conference Paper
Research
Paper
Survey Research
Paper Results with
Propose benchmarking
Methodology
Concept to solve
Literature problem with
Paper validation
Survey
Problem
Identification
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20. What can I publish
Research Papers*
Research Books
Magazine articles
Case studies
Thought paper, Point of view, Perspectives*
White Papers *
Blogs, Wikis
Text Books
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21. White paper
A white paper is an authoritative report or guide that often
addresses issues and how to solve them [1]
White papers are used to educate readers and help people
make decisions. Often used in politics, business, and technical
subjects.
White papers are often used to generate sales leads, make a
business case, or to educate customers
• Business-benefits: Makes a business case for a certain technology or
methodology
• Technical: Describes how a certain technology works
• Hybrid: Combines high-level business benefits with technical details in a
single document
• Policy: Makes a case for a certain political solution to a societal or
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economic challenge.

22. Thought leadership paper
Futuristic / visionary work
It goes beyond white paper and identifies problems in a domain
or technology that the client or prospect or stakeholder might
not know- it exists.
It also present trends which may be useful for further research
in industry or academics.
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23. Research paper
A research paper is an expanded essay from identified
problems.
Problem may be identified by industry professional or
academician.
It is thorough analysis of problems and validated results are
presented.
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24. At a glance
Thought Leadership
Research Papers White Papers
Papers
• Contribution to • Useful to • Useful to business
body of academicians as • Abstract
knowledge/theory well as business presentation of
• Useful to • Innovative ideas, business problem
academicians as Future trends, and solution
well as business Future problems • Business focus
• Problem, Solution/ and possible writing
Experiments, solutions • Published in
Results, Validation • Business focus magazines, wiki,
of solutions writing blogs etc.
• Published in • Published in
Journals and magazines, wiki,
conferences blogs etc.
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25. Different types of papers 1
• Contains two works of the same nature
Compare and
• Discuss about the PROS and CONS of the two works
contrast papers
• Always based on Literature and Balanced comparison essential
• Contain arguments and personal points of view and solution by the writer
Argumentative
• Contains the two sides of a controversial issue
papers
• Author needs to be unbiased and neutral
Analytical • Contains multiple points of views
papers • Author analyzes all the points and draws a conclusion
• Talk about the probable reason (cause) and the expected outcome or result
Cause and effect (effect).
papers • Useful in the field of business and education
• Contain data about multiple professional fields
Reports • These are professional type of research papers
• Frequency based Annual, quarterly, monthly etc.
Subject-based • Papers based on a particular subject
papers • Mostly written by students as assignments
Source: http://valwriting.com/blog/research-papers/the-different-types-of-research-paper%E2%80%A6
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26. General structure of research paper
Abstract • 4-10 Lines
• Background of problem
Introduction and • Problem definition
Related work • Related work
• Detailed Problem
• Methodology to solve the problem
Body • Solution Details
• Validation of solution
Discussion & • Discussion
Conclusion • Conclusion
• List all the references used during the
References/Citations research, provide appropriate credits
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27. Abstract
What is abstract? What should abstract contain?
• Abstracts are used by program • Kent Beck suggest the abstracts to
committee members to decide address 4 questions 1
which papers to read. This • State the problem
abstract should be two hundred • Explain why the problem is
words or less. interesting
• The abstract is a summary of the • Explain how your solution solved
entire paper and hence should be the problem
written at the end.
• Explain what follows your
• Abstract contains the purpose of solution.
the study - hypothesis, overall
question, research objective ,
brief of the experiment, Important
conclusions and future work
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28. Introduction
What is introduction? What should introduction
contain?
• Your introductions should not
exceed one page(double • Describe the problem
spaced, typed). • State your contribution (all
• The purpose of an introduction contributions of your research)
is to acquaint the reader with • This section should create an
the rationale behind the work, entice the reader to read it
with the intention of fully
defending it. It places your
work in a theoretical context,
and enables the reader to
understand and appreciate
your objectives.
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29. Body
What is body? What should body contain?
• The body constitutes of • Describe the problem and why is it
• The problem interesting
• The idea/solution • Describe the idea/solution
• Idea/Solution details • Provide data and supporting
• Related Work evidences support each claim made
by you in the introduction
• There is no specific page limit, but a
key concept is to keep this section as • Evidence can be: analysis and
concise as you possibly can. People comparison, theorems,
will want to read this material measurements, case studies
selectively. The reader may only be • Provide references to related work
interested in one formula or part of a and prior work as and when
procedure required. It can be at the start or
after your complete work is
explained.
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30. Conclusion
What is conclusion? What should conclusion contain?
• Conclusion is summary of your findings • Summarize your findings in text
• The page length of this section is set by • In text, describe each of your results,
the amount and types of data to be pointing the reader to observations
reported. Continue to be concise, using that are most relevant
figures and tables, if appropriate, to • Provide a context, such as by
present results most effectively describing the question that was
• The purpose of a results section is to addressed by making a particular
present and illustrate your findings. observation
Make this section a completely • Describe results of control experiments
objective report of the results, and and include observations that are not
save all interpretation for the presented in a formal figure or table, if
discussion. appropriate
• Analyze your data, then prepare the
analyzed (converted) data in the form
of a figure(graph), table, or in text
form.
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31. References/Citations
What is reference? What should reference contain?
• References is the list of all the • List all literature cited in your paper, in
literature that you have used for the alphabetical order, by first author.
paper • In a proper research paper, only
• Note: primary literature is used (original
• Giving credit to others does not research articles authored by the
diminish the credit you get from your original investigators).
paper • Be cautious about using web sites as
• Failing to give credit to others can kill references - anyone can put just about
your paper anything on a web site, and you have
• Warmly acknowledge people who no sure way of knowing if it is truth or
have helped you fiction.
• If you are citing an on line journal, use
the journal citation (name, volume,
year, page numbers). Some of your
papers may not require references,
and if that is the case simply state that
"no references were consulted."
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32. Referencing Styles
There are many different citation styles …
Visit: http://libguides.lmu.edu/citations
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33. RECAP
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34. Introduction Section
Introducti Problem Details (Blow Background of the problem
on up the problem by What is the problem that exist today?
using Statistical data Is this a valid problem?
by Analysts like What is the problem you are trying to solve
Gartner/ Forrester/
IDC.....)
Relevance of the Why is this problem relevant to theme (eg. Big Data)?
Problem Explain in detail
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35. Body of Paper
Body Existing Solutions and Are there any solutions available in market that
their drawbacks address your problem. What are their drawbacks.
Create a table making it self-explanatory(preferably)
Summarize: Why current technologies will fail to
address the issue
Proposed Solution What aspects of the problem are you attempting to
solve?
a. List your assumptions here
Model the system
a. Inputs to systems
i. How are planning to get the input data
b. System model
c. Output of the system (Expected)
Technologies that you are planning to use for the
solution and why, Give rationale for techlogy selection
Experimentation Setup of experiment
Validation of experiment
Observations and Results of experiment
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36. Conclusion, future work and
References
Conclusion Summarize your result List your findings during this entire excercise
in natural language
Future Future work
work/disc Drawbacks of your solution
ussion How can your solution be improved
Reference NOTE: Every journal has a reference style. There are
several reference styles if you are not aware of the
citation styles please see this.
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37. WHERE CAN I PUBLISH?
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38. Books and Journal Content Aggregators
• http://www.scirus.com/
• http://www.emeraldinsight.com/
• http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/search.asp
• http://www.jstor.org/
• http://www.inderscience.com/
• http://online.sagepub.com/
• http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/index.html
• http://www.taylorandfrancis.com/
• www.springerlink.com
• http://www.routledge.com/
• http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/search/basic?sid=3ceda19e-aca9-
4f63-8287-340e59cc5e8d%40sessionmgr10&vid=2&hid=10
• http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/homepage.cws_home
– http://www.ei.org/releases
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39. WHEN CAN I PUBLISH
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40. Call for Paper Calendars
Conference Related Information Gathering
1. http://academic.research.microsoft.com/CFP#latest=180
2. www.cfpwiki.com
3. www.conferencealerts.com 41

41. HOW CAN I PUBLISH?
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42. Publication process
Pre-
Content Production
Production Distribution
Acquisition Process
Process
Call For Papers Author
Copy Editing
(CFP) Rewrites
Layout and
Short listing
Abstract content
of Papers
proofing
Abstract
Workshop /
Review Conference IP Check Distribution
Selection
Full Paper
Full Paper Review and Author Signoff Printing
Selection
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43. SOME DO’S AND DONT’S
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44. Audience Analysis
• Who is my audience?
• How much do they know about the subject?
• Why do they need to know about the subject?
• Is the content in this document appropriate?
• Is the tone appropriate for the audience?
• Is the language appropriate for this audience?

45. Writing Style
• Be gender neutral
• Avoid unnecessary capitalization
• Use bulleted/unnumbered lists when sequence is not
important
• Use an introductory phrase for lists

46. Tone
Be Avoid
• Assertive • Humor
• Polite • Colloquialisms
• Informative • Personal Opinions
• Engaging

47. Common Errors!
• Very, very long sentences
• Variation in the tense used
• Improper flow of thought
• Incorrect numbering of tables or figures
• Inconsistent Styles applied
• Extensive use of “The”

48. Writing Right
avoid better
consensus of opinion consensus
fewer in number fewer
exact duplicate duplicate
estimated at about estimated
sum total sum
whether or not whether
in order to to
elongated in shape elongated
both of them both

49. Writing Right
avoid better
nowadays presently, currently
for instance for example
despite the fact that although
goes under the name of is called
on the contrary in contrast
firstly initially
to begin with initially
be that as it may however
at last finally
in as much as because
to date*
'til now (until now)
it's it is
weren't were not
didn't did not
haven't have not
can't cannot

50. Things to Avoid
• Using someone else's
• Copyright is the ideas or phrasing and
exclusive right granted representing those
to the author or creator ideas or phrasing as our
of an original work, own, either on purpose
including the right to or through carelessness,
copy, distribute and is a serious offense
adapt the work. known as plagiarism.
Copyright • Original works of • written or spoken
authorship includes Plagiarism material from whole
violation
literary, dramatic, papers and paragraphs
musical, artistic, and to sentences
certain other intellectual • phrases — but it also
works. includes statistics, lab
results, art work, etc.
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51. MISCELLANOUS
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52. Remaining Questions
• Identifying trend of a particular topic (Try doing for your topic)
– http://academic.research.microsoft.com/DomainTrend?TopDomainId=2
• Top Journals in Computer Science(Try doing for your Domain)
– http://academic.research.microsoft.com/RankList?entitytype=4&topdomainid=2&
subdomainid=0&last=0
• Top Conference’s in Computer Science(Try doing for your Domain)
– http://academic.research.microsoft.com/RankList?entitytype=3&topDomainID=2&
subDomainID=0&last=0&start=1&end=100
• Conference Ranking (By Tier)
– http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~zaiane/htmldocs/ConfRanking.html
• Top Authors in Computer Science (Try doing for your topic)
– http://academic.research.microsoft.com/RankList?entitytype=2&topDomainID=2&
subDomainID=0&last=0&start=1&end=100
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53. Researcher Toolset
• Good Bookmarking Sites • Excellent Ebook Management
– http://www.delicious.com/ tool
– http://www.stumbleupon.com/ – Caliber e-book
– https://www.google.com/book management: http://calibre-
marks/ ebook.com/
– http://Citeulike.com • Excellent Paper Management
– www.Zotero.com tool(Reference management
softwares)
• PDF readers – Mendeley Desktop:
– www.NitroPDF.com www.mendeley.com (The Best)
– www.foxitreader.com – www.Dropbox.com
– Acrobat Professional (*) – http://sourceforge.net/projects/conti
neo/files/
– JabRef
• Researchers Browsers – Zotero
– Firefox – Scholar's Aid
– Crome – http://www.evernote.com/
– www.Sites.google.com
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54. FINAL WORD
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55. Remember
Writing is a acquired skill,
the more you write the more you will benefit
So
Keep Writing!
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57. THANK YOU
Yogesh Dandawate
• Research Scientist
• Infosys Labs, Pune
• Yogesh_dandawate@infosys.com
• Yogesh.dandawate@gmail.com
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