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Diarrhea
‫تعریف‬
Acute diarrhea
Chronic diarrhea
Persistent diarrhea
Dysentry
‫اسهالت‬ ‫اسباب‬
‫معایی‬ ‫اسباب‬
‫معایی‬ ‫خارج‬ ‫اسباب‬
‫معایی‬ ‫اسباب‬

‫ها‬ ‫ویروس‬
Rota virus
Norwark virus
Entero virus
Measles virus
Influenza virus

Bacterial

E coli (entrotoxigenic(
Salmonella
Shigella
Staphylococcus
Yersino entrocolitis
Cholera
Campylobacter jujuni
Clostridium defeculis

‫پرازیتی‬ ‫اسباب‬
E.histolytica
Giardiasis
H. nana
Malaria
Cryptosporidium

‫فنگسی‬ ‫اسباب‬
Condidia albicans
‫انتانی‬ ‫غیر‬ ‫اسباب‬

Celiac disease

Malabsorption syndrome

Short bowel syndrome

Cystic fibrosis

Liver disease
‫معایی‬ ‫خارج‬ ‫اسباب‬

Otitis media

UTI

URTI

Tonsillitis

Pneumonia
Pathogenesis
1.‫آزموتیک‬Diarrhea
2.Secretory Diarrhea
3.‫امعا‬ ‫جذب‬ ‫سطح‬ ‫شدن‬ ‫کم‬
4.‫امعا‬ ‫حرکات‬ ‫در‬ ‫تغیرات‬
‫وعلیم‬ ‫اعراض‬
Mild diarrhea
Moderate diarrhea
Sever diarrhea
‫لربراتواری‬ ‫معاینات‬
Stool microscopy
PH
‫ها‬ ‫،الکترولیت‬ ‫خون‬ ‫گازات‬
Complication
Dehydration
Metabolic acidosis
Paralytic ileus
Convulsion
ARF
DIC
Dehydration
Definition
‫است‬ ‫شکل‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ربه‬ ‫عضویت‬ ‫مایعات‬
1.Extra Cellular Fluid
•Plasma
•Intestinal Fluid
•Trans Cellular Fluid
2.Intra Cellular Fluid ( 30‫الی‬40‫میدهد‬ ‫تشکیل‬ ‫ربدن‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫فیصد‬
‫تصنیف‬Dehydration‫در‬ ‫سودیم‬ ‫غلظت‬ ‫ربه‬ ‫نظر‬ECF
•ISO Tonic Dehydration) ‫سودیم‬ ‫مقدار‬120-140meq/lit
•Hyponatremic Dehydration)‫از‬ ‫کمتر‬ ‫سودیم‬ ‫زا رتمک میدوس تظلغ‌غلظت‬
120meq/lit
•Hypernatremic Dehydration)‫از‬ ‫اضافتر‬ ‫سودیم‬ ‫غلظت‬
150meq/lit
‫تصنیف‬Dehydration‫آن‬ ‫شدت‬ ‫ربه‬ ‫نظر‬
Mild Dehydration)‫زا رتمک میدوس تظلغ‌که‬3-5‫میشود‬ ‫ضایع‬ ‫ربدن‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫فیصد‬ (
Moderate Dehydration) ‫که‬6-10‫میشود‬ ‫ضایع‬ ‫ربدن‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫فیصد‬ (
Sever Dehydration) ‫از‬ ‫اضافتر‬ ‫که‬10‫میشود‬ ‫ضایع‬ ‫ربدن‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫فیصد‬ (
‫مصاب‬ ‫مریضان‬ ‫تصنیف‬ ‫و‬ ‫ارزیابی‬Dehydration
‫ارزیابی‬ ‫برای‬Dehydration‫میشود‬ ‫گرفته‬ ‫نظر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ذیل‬ ‫نکات‬ ‫اسهال‬ ‫مریضان‬ ‫نزد‬
1.‫مریض‬ ‫عمومی‬ ‫حالت‬
a.‫مریض‬Lethargic‫یا‬unconscious
b.Restless‫یا‬Irritable
2.ْS) ‫رفته‬ ‫فرو‬ ‫چشمان‬Sunken Eyes(
3‫مریض‬ ‫به‬ ‫آب‬ ‫.نوشانیدن‬
a.‫مینوشد‬ ‫ضغیف‬ ‫یا‬ ‫نیست‬ ‫نوشیدن‬ ‫به‬ ‫قادر‬
b.‫است‬ ‫تشنه‬ ‫یا‬ ‫نوشد‬ ‫می‬ ‫شوق‬ ‫به‬
4‫ارزیابی‬ .Turgur‫جلدی‬
a.‫ثانیه‬ ‫دو‬ ‫از‬ ‫کمتر‬ ‫در‬ ‫میگردد‬ ‫بر‬ ‫آهستگی‬ ‫به‬
b.‫ثانیه‬ ‫دو‬ ‫از‬ ‫زیادتر‬ ‫در‬ ‫میگردد‬ ‫بر‬ ‫آهستگی‬ ‫به‬ ‫بسیار‬
‫میشود‬ ‫تصنیف‬ ‫ذیل‬ ‫قرار‬ ‫مریض‬ ‫ارزیابی‬ ‫از‬ ‫بعد‬
Sever Dehydration
•Lethargic or unconscious
•Very Slow skin punch
•Sunken Eye
•Unable to Drink
2.Some Dehydration
•Irritable, Restless
•Slow Skin Punch
•Sunken Eye
•Thirsty and Drinks eagerly
3.No sign of Dehydration
‫برای‬ ‫کافی‬ ‫عل م‬ ‫موجودیت‬ ‫عد م‬Dehydration‫شدید‬ ‫و‬ ‫متوسط‬
‫اسهالت‬ ‫تداوی‬

‫تداوی‬dehydration

Drug therapy

Symptomatic therapy

‫تغذی‬
‫اسهال‬ ‫به‬ ‫مصاب‬ ‫طفل‬ ‫تغذی‬

‫مادر‬ ‫شیر‬ ‫با‬ ‫تغذی‬

‫انرژی‬ ‫پر‬ ‫غذای‬

‫فایبر‬ ‫حاوی‬ ‫که‬ ‫غذای‬
Drug therapy

Antibiotic
Shigellosis
Giardiasis
Cholera
‫اطفال‬premature‫سوتغذی‬ ‫و‬
Metronidazol (30-50mg/kg)
Nalidexic acid(40-50mg/kg)
Cotrimoxazol(5mg/kg)
:‫عرضی‬ ‫تداوی‬

Vomiting
Metochlopramid 0.5mg/kg/day

Abdominal distention
Cause

Hypokalemia

Sepsis

Necrotizing entrocolitis
Treatment

Stop oral intake

NGT‫سکشن‬ ‫و‬

‫مخفی‬ ‫انتانات‬ ‫ارزیابی‬

)‫پوتاسیم‬30-40mEq/Lit(

‫اختلج‬

(diazepam or paraldehyde)
‫التوفیق‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ومن‬

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Diarrhea