2. Biodiesel production from
algae
Group members
Shafiq uz zaman
2011-ch-379
Hamid Mukhtar
2011-ch-373
Zain ul shahidin
2011-ch-337
Kalim ahmed
2011-ch-376
3. Classification of energy
ENERGY SOURCE
Non Renewable
Energy
Renewable Energy
Solar
Wind
Traditional
Alternative
Hydro
Oil
Nuclear
Ocean
Gas
Tar Sands
Geothermal
Coal
Oil Shale
Biomass
Gas Hydrates
5. Why the Interest In Biodiesel?
Renewable Resource with the largest potential
to get us off the foreign oil supply
National Energy Security is an achievable goal
with Algae Oil
Environmental Enhancement through Zero
Sulfur and the sequestration of CO2
Economics & Job Creation through keeping
the production of fuels inside the Pakistan
6. Introduction to algae fuels
Microalgae
• Contains oil
• Processed for biodiesel production
Macroalgae
• Composed of starch and cellulose
• Processed for ethanol production
7. Algae Oil yield Compared to other
Feedstocks
Comparative Yields
Soy Bean
50-65 Gallons Per Acre Per Year
Camelina 150-400 Gallons Per Acre Per Year
Palm
400-700 Gallons Per Acre Per Year
Algae 2,000 to 20,000+ ?? Gallons Per Acre Per Year
8. Uniqueness of algae fuels
Higher oil yield
Lesser land
requirement
food vs. fuel
Algae fuels
Adaptability
Range of products
WWT & CO2
capture
9. Lesser land requirement
Algae is capable of producing 30 times more oil
per acre than the current crops now utilized for
the production of biofuels.
Algae could produce up to 94,000 liters of oil per
acre, shrinking land requirements
10. Adaptability to a range of
environment
Grown under conditions which are unsuitable for
conventional crop production
(marine water, wastewater, open ponds)
11. Solve the food versus fuel problem
Does not compete directly with crops grown for food
Algae can make use of marine and waster water
Some algae can be grown in desert regions
Some algae can be grown in ocean environment
Does not require expensive nutrients for growing
12. A wide range of fuel products
Biodiesel
Ethanol
Algae
Methane
Hydrogen
14. Additional Algae Oil Benefits:
Can be Grown anywhere
Non-polluting
Zero Sulfur
Releases Oxygen (can be captured and sold)
Eats CO2 (a potentially valuable GHG offset)
After the Oil is extracted the remaining presscake
(BioMass) is a highly valuable product
15. How Does Algae Produce Oil?
Algae is a single cell organism
Algae feeds on the Hydrogen from the H2O and the Carbon
from the CO2 and through the process of photosynthesis
produces Hydrocarbon Chains and releases Oxygen
Most strains of the Green and Green-Blue Algae can double
their mass every 24hour growing cycle
Different strains of Algae produce Algae Oil with slightly
different hydrocarbon chains
16. How to obtain fuel from algae?
Picking up the best algae
Growing the algae
Harvesting
Generating the fuel product
17. Choosing an Algae
Important
characteristics of Algae
High % of total biomass is
oil
Maintains a high % of oil
even under stress
Compatible with our
regional climate
18. Where To Grow It
Extensions onto our water treatment plants
Clean up our waste and generate fuel
Agriculture runoff
Exploit the county’s many farms and vineyards
Water ponds
Algae could well grow on salty water as well as soft water
19. How Is Algae Grown?
There are 3 methodologies that are currently being used to grow Algae
– with a wide number of variations!
:
28. Bio reactor
Bioreactors provide fast growth of algae
with the high contents of oil.
Considerably reduces expenditures of labor &
eliminates complexities in service.
The system can work during long periods
without destruction of culture.
Light in a reactor is taken as much as it
considerably increases its productivity.
Self-cleaning
Reactors represent closed, controlled,
automated systems.
31. There are three well-known methods
to extract the oil from oilseeds, and
these methods should apply equally
well for algae too:
1. Expeller/Press
2. Hexane solvent oil extraction
3. Supercritical Fluid extraction
32. 1.Pressing oil from the algae
Dry the algae and press the oil from it.
Can retrieve up to 70% of the oil.
While drying must prevent the algae
from becoming contaminated.
Cheapest and simplest method
33. 2.Chemical Oil Extraction
Use hexane solvents to remove the oil.
Benzene could also be used.
Must be careful when using.
Removes oil out of almost all things.
About 95% of total oil present in algae
could be extracted.
34. 3.Super Critical Oil Extraction
Most efficient method.
Equipment need special containment and
pressure.
Can extract almost 100% oil by itself.
Uses carbon dioxide at critical pressure
and temperature (CO2 is almost a liquid).
Rapid diffusion of the oil.
Zain qazi
35. Product generation via different
methods
Biodiesel
Ethanol
Hydrogen
Methane
Electricity – where algae biomass is directly used
for combustion
Other hydrocarbon fuel, such as JP-8 fuel,
gasoline, biobutanol etc.
36. Biodiesel from algae
Cultivation of Microalgae species
Harvesting of Microalgae
Extraction of Oil from Microalgae
Transesterification
Biodiesel
40. Conclusion
Even with few challenges taken into consideration, algae
biofuel ’s natural advantages look to make it one of the
foremost players in the clean energy market
Algae biofuel production holds future promise for developing
countries.
• More jobs
• Energy independence
41. Cost of the pilot project
Aprox 20,000 to 25,000 in pakistani rupees.
Which include
Algae cultivation requirements
Algae drying method
Algae oil extraction