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2. Acanthaceae
 Submitted to……………………….Dr. Muhammad Akram
 Presenter ………………………… Shakeel- ur- rehman
 Roll No …………………………… 328
 Semester ………………………… 6 th
 Major ……………………………… Agronomy

3. Family acanthaceae includes;
 Aystasia gangetica .
 Barleria prionitis .
 Gendarussa vulgaris .
 Justicia adhatoda .
 Andrographis paniculata .

4. Aystasia gangetica
Vernacular names ;
 Tropical primrose, chinese violet ,creeping foxglove .
Origin and geographic distribution ;
 Asystasia gangetica is native in tropical Africa, Arabia and tropical
Asia .
 It has been introduced in many other tropical regions, where it often
naturalized. It occurs throughout tropical Africa .

5. Description
 This plant is a spreading herb or groundcover
reaching 600 mm in height .
 The leaves are simple and opposite.
 White tubular flowers 1.5 cm wide .
 The fruit is an explosive capsule which
starts out green in colour, but dries to
brown after opening. It is usually four
seeded .

6. Inflorescence and fruit

7. Uses
 In Kenya and Uganda it is locally a popular vegetable, mixed with
beans and groundnut or sesame paste.
 Asystasia gangetica is sometimes promoted as a cover plant in
orchards because it checks erosion and prevents infestation by
noxious weeds, and because it attracts bees to the orchard.
 Asystasia gangetica is used as a forage for cattle, goats and sheep
in SouthEast Asia .
 Powdered roots are considered analgesic and used in treating
stomach-ache and snakebites .
 In Nigeria the leaves are used to treat asthma.

8. Barleria prionitis
Common name ;
 Porcupine flower
Origin ;
 Native to south-eastern Asia
(i.e. Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines)
the Indian Sub-continent, and the tropical
region of eastern Africa.

9. Distribution
 The naturalised distribution of this species is currently relatively
limited in Australia.
 It has been recorded in the coastal districts of northern Queensland
and in the northern parts of the Northern Territory .
 It is possibly also naturalised in the coastal regions of northern
Western Australia .

10. Description
 It is a small upright prickly shrub usually growing up to 1.8 m tall.
 Its stems are usually square in cross-section and three to five
spines (5-20 mm long) are produced in the leaf forks.
 Its oppositely arranged leaves (3-13 cm long and 1.5-4 cm
wide) end in a short spine.
 Its stalk less yellow flowers are borne in clusters at the tips of the
branches or singly in the upper leaf forks.
 These flowers are tubular in shape (3-4 cm long) .
 Fruit is a capsule (13-20 mm long) with a sharply-pointed 'beak'
(about 6 mm long).

11. Inflorescence and seed

12. Propagation
 Barleria prionitis is propagated either by seed or cuttings .
Seed ;
 To prevent seed being lost, it can be collected as the capsules
turn brown.
 Place them in a shady spot in your garden and water once a
week. Germination of the seeds takes place after a week.
Transplanting the seedlings into bags should be done when the
seedlings are more or less 100 mm high.

13. Continue
Cuttings ;
 Cuttings should be made in summer .
 Take cuttings of 120 mm length, treat them with a hormone powder
and plant them in a good soil .
 Put the cuttings in a shady place and water twice a week.
 Transplant the rooted cuttings after about three months into a good
soil mixture .

14. Medicinal uses
 Barleria prionitis has numerous medicinal properties including treating
fever, respiratory diseases, toothache, joint pains and a variety of
other ailments; and it has several cosmetic uses.
 A mouthwash made from root tissue is used to relieve toothache and
treat bleeding gums.
 The leaves are used to promote healing of wounds and to relieve joint
pains and toothache.
 Because of its antiseptic properties, extracts of the plant are
incorporated into herbal cosmetics and hair products to promote skin
and scalp health.

15. Gendarussa vulgaris
Common name ;
 Daun Rusa, Gandarusa, Warer willow
Origin ;
 It originates from south east Asia .
Distribution ;
 Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Indo-China, China,
Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, and the
Philippines; possibly a native of China, but
now much cultivated and naturalized .

16. Description
 It is a shrub 150 cm tall .Stem is erect and young twigs usually dark
purple .
 Leaves are linear with up to 1 cm long petiole .
 Flowers are 1.5 to 2 cm long , white with purplish streaks and spots
inside .
 The flowers are hermaphrodite .
 Fruit clavate to ellipsoid , about 1.3 cm long .

17. Medicinal uses
 An extract of the leaves or young shoots is used as an emetic in
coughs and asthma .
 The leaves are also used in preparations to treat gonorrhoea,
amenorrhoea and malaria. In Indonesia, the leaves are used to treat
headache, rheumatism and pain.
 The leaves are taken internally against cough, fever and as a
cardiotonic, and used externally to treat inflammation, wounds and
allergy.
 Numerous medicinal uses are recorded from India and China; the
roots are used to treat rheumatism, dysuria, fever, carbuncles,
jaundice and diarrhoea .

18. Justicia adhatoda
Common name ;
 Its common names are Adhatoda and
Malbur Nut.
Origin ;
 Justicia adhatoda is a medicinal plant
native to Asia.
 It is abundantly found in Pothohar region
of Pakistan.

19. Description
 It is a beautiful looking plant and mostly used in gardens as an
ornamental plant .
 Justicia adhatoda is one of the tallest of this genus and can reach
heights of up to 4 m.
 The flowers - appearing in late winter and spring - are held in spikes
and they have the typical two-lipped form .
 It has large attractive shiny leaves that have a limy tinge in their new
growth .

20. Leaves

21. Medicinal uses
 It leaves are very important. Juice of leaves is used in rheumatism
and fevers.
 Leaves are used in chest diseases, pneumonia, asthma and
tuberculosis.
 Leaves are used to reduce the swelling.

22. Andrographis paniculata
Common name ;
 King of bitters , Chiretta and kalmegh .
Origin ;
 It is native to India and Sri-Lanka .
 It is widely cultivated in Southern and
Southeastern Asia, where it is used to treat
infections and some diseases, often being
used before antibiotics were created .

23. Distribution
 A. paniculata is distributed in tropical Asian countries, often in isolated
patches.
 It can be found in a variety of habitats, such as plains, hillsides,
coastlines, and disturbed and cultivated areas such as roadsides,
farms, and wastelands.
 Native populations of A. paniculata are spread throughout south India
and Sri Lanka which perhaps represent the center of origin and
diversity of the species.

24. Description
 It is an annual herbaceous plant up to 0.3- 1 m in height .
 The leaves are petiolate ,5-8 cm long and 1-1.25 cm broad .
 The flowers are small ,solitary .
 The fruit is 20 mm long and 3 mm broad and acute at both ends .
 The seeds are numerous ,yellowish –brown and glabrous .

25. Medicinal uses
 Andrographis paniculata possesses immuno-stimulant, aperients,
anti-parasitic, tonic, anti-biotic and anti-viral activities.
 It is used for treating hepatitis B, HIV, flatulence, gastric acidity and
common cold.
 Studies have also indicated that the active chemical,Andrographolide,
helps to stop the clumping of blood platelets which is the clotting
process that can lead to heart attacks.