This document discusses passive fire protection design and application. It covers key concepts like compartmentation, limits on compartment sizes, separation of fire risk areas, protection of stairs and lobbies, and access for firefighting. The document provides information on code requirements for maximum travel distances, occupant load capacities of exits, exit width calculations, and ventilation of stairs and lobbies according to the UBBL (Uniform Building By-Laws). Diagrams illustrate compartmentation strategies and exit routing considerations.
3. CONCEPTS OF FIRE SAFETY
1 EVACUATION
2 PASSIVE CONTAINMENT
3 ACTIVE INTERVENTION
4 ACCESS FOR FIRE FIGHTING AND RESCUE
4. • 134 – designation of purpose group
• 136 – limits of compartment sizes
• 137 & 138 - compartment floors
• 140 – separation of fire risk areas
• 215 – vertical compartment wall
• 5th
Schedule
UBBL
Compartmentation
5. • 5th
Schedule
Usage / purpose group limits of dimensions
Hotel / III Height > 28m
Floor area : 2000m2
Volume : 5500m3
Office / IV Height > 28m
Floor area : no limit
Volume : no limit
Shops / V Floor area : 2000m2
Volume : 7000m3
Basement Car Park / VIII Floor area : no limit
Volume : 21,000m3
4,000m2
11,000m3
4,000m2
14,000m3
42,000m3
* UBBL Clause 136 : with Automatic Sprinklers : limits shall be x 2
17. Exit route to discharge
direct to final exit
Basement
Exit route to discharge
direct to final exit
18. Travel distance
• UBBL 165
• 7th
Schedule
• Dead end
• initial travel distance before a point where an alternative path
becomes available
• Direct distance
• Stipulates that travel distance must be measured along the actual
path of travel
• Open plan
• Where an actual path of travel cannot be determined, the direct
distance can be measured as a straight line direct to the exit.
Permitted travel distance is then reduced to 2/3.
19.
20.
21. • 196, 197 - smoke lobbies, protected
lobbies
• 198, 199, 200, 201 – ventilation of stairs
• 229 – fire fighting lobbies
UBBL
Protection of stairs and lobbies
22. Protection of stairs and lobbies
• Protected Lobby : protected lobby separated
or isolated from fire and smoke infiltration
• Smoke Lobby : a protected lobby primarily to
isolate staircases from smoke infiltration
• ventilated lobby : protected/smoke lobby by
means of natural ventilation from outside
• Fire Fighting Access Lobby : a protected
lobby designed for fire fighting access