1. Done by :
Murtadha ALAjmi 68691
Suliman ALSubihi
Hussien ALAjmi

2. DL: Distance Learning
ID: Individualize Learning
Definition of Distance
learning Technology & interaction
Educational Relationship
DL & Individualize learningTypes of Distance learning
Limitation of media
and Technology

3. Objectives
•You will be able to write your own definition of Distance learning.
•You will be able to identify the deferent types of Distance learning.
•You will be able to give examples for the types of DL.
•You will be able to relate DL to individualize learning.
•You will be able to present you own opinion about the media and
technology used in distance learning.
At the end of this presentation:
.

4. Defining DL
What is distance education or distance
learning?
Distance education is defined as ….

5. Defining DL
1. Distance education is a method of
education in which the learner is physically
separated from the teacher by space and
time. Rumble (1989)
2. Distance education materials are often
structured in ways that facilitate learning at
a distance. Rumble (1989)

6. Defining DL
3- Moore and Kearsley (1996)
‘the family of instructional methods in which the teaching
behaviors are executed apart from the learning behaviors, so
that communication between the teacher and the learner
must be facilitated by print, electronic or other devices.

7. Defining DL
4-The process of extending learning, or delivering
instructional resource-sharing opportunities, to locations
away from a classroom, building or site, to another
classroom, building or site by using AV, computer,
multimedia communications, or other traditional delivery
methods.

8. Defining DL
5- ‘The essential criteria’
1. Distance education implies that the majority of educational
communication between(among) teachers and student(s)
occurs non-contiguously.
2. Distance education must involve two-way communication
between (among) teacher and student(s) for the purpose of
facilitating and supporting the educational process.
3. Distance education uses technology to mediate the
necessary two-way communication.

9. Defining DL
From above :
1. The separation of teacher and learner;
2. The separation among learners;
3. The use of one medium (or more) to deliver the subject
matter (e.g., print and post,
broadcasting and tapes, etc.); and
4. The use of a communication channel to facilitate
interaction and support learners (e.g.,
post, telephone, teleconferencing, etc).

11. In face-to-face education:
The teacher can play an essential role in facilitating
learning and supporting students.
prepare lessons, discuss students,
manage the class, select the needed technology,
suggest activities, assess students and provide
reinforcement.
Educational Relationship

12. In distance education:
Although DE is recognised by the separation
between the tutor and learners, an important role
can be played by distance tutors.
suggest learning resources,
deliver the instruction,
determine the degree of interaction,
select the appropriate form of assessment.
Educational Relationship

13. In distance education:
1.The distance tutor may visit the distant site, or students
may take a trip to a central site.
2. The distance tutor may use technology (e.g., telephone, e-
mail or discussion boards) tom interact and support students.
Educational Relationship

14. Educational Relationship
T e a c h e r S t u d e n t
C o n t e n t
( i. e . , in f o r m a t io n )
The educational relationship in distance education in the absence of two-way
communication technology (Shale and Garrison, 1990)

15. Educational Relationship
T e a c h e r S tu d e n t
C o n t e n t
I n t e r a c t io n
M e d iu m
I n t e r a c t io n
C o n t e n t
The educational relationship in distance education using two-way
communication technology

16. Types of DL
Open Schedule
An open schedule can be taken anywhere and gives
students the most freedom possible. In this plan, students
are given a set of deadlines that they must meet within a
certain amount of time, but they can work anytime and
anywhere to meet the course requirements. This program is
ideal for independent workers and people who don’t
struggle with procrastination.

17. Types of DL
Blended Learning
The second most common strategy used in distance
learning is one that offers an open schedule, but requires
students to communicate in an established location. This
could mean that students are able to complete assignments
on their own time, but they are required to meet in a
classroom or computer chat room to touch base.

18. Types of DL
Computer Based Learning
Computer Based Learning is the strictest version of
distance learning, requiring students to participate at
designated times and places. This means that students
must touch base at a designated computer lab, or even
meet in an actual classroom at a pre-determined time.

19. Types of DL
Fixed Time E-Learning
The most common form of distance learning is a program
that sets a pre-determined schedule that can be kept from
any location. This could mean that students are able to
work from home, school, or the office, as long as they log
onto the online learning site at a designated time. These
programs often include a live online forum.

20. Synchronous technology is a mode of online delivery
where all participants are "present" at the same time.
Requires a timetable to be organized.
Asynchronous technology is a mode of online
delivery where participants access course materials
on their own schedule. Students are not required to
be together at the same time.
Media & Technology

21. Synchronous technologies:
Telephone , Videoconferencing Web
Conferencing ,Audio conferencing,Internet
chat.
Asynchronous technologies:
Audiocassette, E-mail ,Message Board
Forums ,Print Materials, Voice Mail/fax
Videocassette
Broadcast video, Radio, CD-ROM
Media & Technology See video

23. Interaction
Interaction at a Distance
Interaction
A process that happens between the learner and the
learning environment (the tutor, students and the learning
content) in which the learner takes a more positive role.
Interactivity has been described as a key to success in
traditional classroom to enhance learning and motivate
learners.

24. Interaction
Types of Interaction
Social interaction
Learner-instructor interaction
Learner-learner interaction
Individual interaction
Learner-content interaction

25. Interaction
Types of Social Interaction
Time-dependent (synchronous)
Using real-time communication technology (e.g., telephone,
video conferencing, chatting…)
Time-independent (asynchronous)
Using communication tools (e.g., fax, e-mail, discussion
boards…).

26. Interaction
Encouraging interaction at a distance:
Learner-instructor interaction
Learner-learner interaction
Learner-content interaction
How?

27. Limitation of broadcasting radio and television
 Broadcasting does not have many of the features
available in printed materials, such as learner
control and self pace.
 Although broadcasting is considered as a
powerful tool for bringing the real world into the
classroom, programmes often lack strategies for
involving learners.
limitation

28. Limitation of broadcasting radio and television
 Certain types of experiences cannot be
transmitted by broadcasting, such as face-to-face
contacts and abstract ideas that need interaction
and deep explanation, like mathematical
concepts.
 The costs of production, equipment and
transmission per hour are very high in
comparison with other media.
limitation

31. WEB e.g.
• http://www.universities.com/
• http://www.capella.edu/distance_learning.aspx
• http://www.otago.ac.nz/courses/distance_study/
• http://www.uofa.edu/academicEvaluation.asp?
sec=academicEvaluation&gclid=CLus4OChpJkC
FQqbnAodjAs5uw

32. Are you sure to exit?
YesNo