The document summarizes the human respiratory system. It describes the upper respiratory tract including the larynx, trachea and bronchi. The lower respiratory tract includes the lungs, which transport air to alveoli for gas exchange. Breathing in is called inspiration, which involves the diaphragm lowering and ribs raising. Breathing out is called expiration, with opposite muscle movements. Oxygen passes from alveoli to blood vessels, while carbon dioxide passes from blood to alveoli. Respiration provides energy through aerobic and anaerobic processes. Common respiratory disorders include asthma, emphysema and bronchitis.

1. Respiratory System

2. Human Respiratory System

10. Respiratory Cycle Figure 10.9

11. Alveoli 1. Oxygen is collected in each Alveoli (‘grape’). Passes through a very thin layer of membrane (like skin of the grape) collected by the capillaries. 2. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is also dropped off at the alveoli. Two very important things happen at the Alveoli:

12. Gas Exchange Between the Blood and Alveoli Figure 10.8A

19. Cancer of the bronchus has spread into the lungs (29)

20. A blue colouration occurs when blood circulation is poor such as heart failure, shock and exposure to cold environments.(30)

21. Stomach ulcers (dark brown)- alcohol and smoking are factors. The stomach is cut open. (50)

22. Damaged toes due to poor blood circulation- will lead to amputation (32)

23. Amputated fingers- often as a result of damage to blood vessels due to smoking (33)

24. Lungs: The picture on the left is of emphysema (large air sacs) and the picture on the right is of normal lung.(27) emphysema normal lung

27. Science Words

28. The main organs of the respiratory system. LUNGS