E learn 2009 vancouver_oct28

Mobile Learning for Open and
Distance Learning:
Opportunities and Challenges

Zoraini Wati Abas, Ed.D.
Director
Institute of Quality, Research & Innovation
Open University Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

1 eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas 26-30 October 2009

After a decade of mad human scrambling
to attempt to understand
e-learning and blended learning,
we now are confronted with mobile or m-learning,
and ubiquitous or u-learning.

Curtis Bonk (2009)


Mobile Possibilities Opportunities
Learning for ODL &
Challenges:
A Case
Study


4
http://newlearningplaybook.com/blog/wp-
content/uploads/2008/08/text-message-cartoon.gif

eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas
26-30 October 2009
SUITM

2000 -

1990s

1980s


Mobile Scenario in Malaysia

26 million
population in 28.9 million
Malaysia mobile phone
subscribers

Source:
Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission, 2009
http://www.skmm.gov.my/facts_figures/stats/index.asp


Mobile Devices

26-30 October 2009 eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas 7

The driving
forces in today’s
world of mobile Mobile
learning devices

Infrastructur
e
(Broadband &
Wireless)

New e-Learning


Generation Y Learners
Net Gen
Baby (Digital Natives/
Source: http://www.slideshare.net/gskeesee/learning-theories-341414

Millennials)
Boomers Generation X
1981-99
1946-64 1965-80 (10-28 yrs old)

 TV generation • Video games • Web
 Typewriters • PC • Cell phone
• Email • IM
 Telephone
• CDs • MP3s
 Memos
• Individualist • Online
 Family focus communities


Current Scenario

Portability/Mobility Ubiquitous

Smaller
Broadband
devices

More
Wireless
powerful

Increasingly
affordable


http://lonewolflibrarian.files.wordpress.com/

11
2009/06/digital_blooms.jpg

26-30 October 2009

http://winecircleconsulting.com/wp-
content/uploads/2009/06/social-

12
pyramid3.jpg

26-30 October 2009

http://i.zdnet.com/blogs/socialmediavaluep
yramid_small.png

13
26-30 October 2009

http://www.eluma.com/site/Portals/0/Sub%

14
20Pages/pyramid2.jpg

26-30 October 2009

eLearning
2.0
From David Wiley’s keynote at eLearn 2008, “Openness and the

eLearning

Characteristics of E-learning
Analog or Digital
Tethered or Mobile
Disaggregated Future of Education”

Isolated or Connected
Generic or Personal
Consumption or Creating
Closed or Open


Adapted from David Wiley’s keynote at eLearn 2008, “Openness and

eLearning
2.0
eLearning

E-learning 2.0
Analog or Digital
the Disaggregated Future of Education”

Tethered or Mobile
Isolated or Connected
Generic or Personal
Consumption or Creating
Closed or Open


http://thefuturebuzz.com/pics/power%20users/p
art2/social%20media%20starfish.jpg

17
26-30 October 2009

http://www.susanmernit.com/blog/2564571564_70181a48b0.jpg

18
26-30 October 2009

http://www.apple.com/education/mobile-learning/

iTunes U


http://academicearth.org/


Samples of Podcasts from Yale

Psychology

Physics


Different kind
Peer2Peer University of
http://www.p2pu.org/
$70,000 seed grant from the Hewlett
universities
Foundation to launch its first 10 pilot courses. (in the future)
Opened for enrolment on 9-09-09

http://www.uopeople.org/
Computer and Business Programs

Dr. Russell S. Winer

“The University of the People
is an idea whose time has
come".


Transform Learning
from Push to Pull

Adapted from:
Morrison(2003). E-
Learning strategies: How
to get implementation and
delivery right the first time.
Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley


Put learning into the
hands of learners

Change the way we
assess learning


http://twitter.com/zoraini


Mobile learning works best when we . . .
need to push content to
learners

want learners to pull content

need to manage the learning
process

wish to support interactive
learning


Push-Pull Model of Blended Learning

F2F
Push/Pull
Learning

Push/Pull
Learners
Print-
New e-
based
Learning
Learning
Push/Pull

Institution


The advantages and benefits?
http://corpu.com/weekly/article/mobile-learning/

If you have a team filled with the younger
generation (Gen Y), m-learning is
likely to be welcomed with open
arms . . . . we are used to getting
information via cell phones and
iPods, and are accustomed to
accessing what we need when
we need it.

With its real
time format and
flexibility, m-learning is just too
good to be true for us!

Mobile learning at OUM


Milestones

October-December Jan 2009 May 2009
August 2008 2008 Sept 2009
(OUMH1103) (OUMH1103)
• Mobile • Survey to • Podcastin • SMS • Three courses
learning determine g • Facebook • Improve blend
team set learner’s • mLearn • Twitter of m-
up readiness portal learning/e-
• mLearn
for mobile learning, f2f
portal
learning tutorial & print
• Learner
module
“buy-in”
• Implementatio
• SME “buy-
nto start with
in”
tutor “buy-in”


Analysis of Learner Readiness for
Mobile Learning at OUM


Gender


Age group
44 percent 42.5 percent

30

25

20
Percent

15
28.36
27.09

10
16.86
14.18 13.51
39 5 eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas 26-30 October 2009

Do you have a mobile phone?


Can you imagine yourself as the learner
in the above scenario?

Are OUM learners ready for mobile
learning?

N = 2,837 (end 2008)

Yes No
(82%) (18%)

“Can you imagine yourself as the learner
in the above scenario?”

I would like to receive the following forms of learning
content through my mobile device:
100
I would like to receive the following forms of
90

80
learning content through my mobile device:
70
percent

60 54
48.7
50
41.1 39.7 39.3
40 37.3 37.6

30

20 15.5
10

0


What type of courses would you like to receive through
m-learning?
60 What type of courses would you like to
52.9
50
receive through m-learning?
40
percent

30

20
14.7
9.4 8.3
10
2.9 4.1
0

Science
Technology

Other
Mathematics

Social Science
OUMH courses

Information


OUM mobile learning
http://mlearn.oum.edu.my/index_m.htm


Mobile Learning Content Creation Worskhop
(SMS content) 25 April 2009

26-30 October 2009 eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas 46

 Mobile learning – OUMH1103
(sms & podcasts)
 Forum, content, Tips, Motivatio
n, Course Management via SMS
 SMSes received by OUMH1103
1863 learners & 74 tutors
 SMSes planned for the May
semester in advance were sent
to tutors


(sms & podcasts)
 2-3 SMS per week
 Sent around 8pm on week days
 Learners reminded (through
tutors, & facebook) to update
their mobile
 Update their user profile in myLMS
 Call IQRI
 Email mlearn@oum.edu.my
 Pass mobile number to tutors


Latest Info
(sms & podcasts)
 Podcasts avaliable at
http://mlearn.oum.edu.my
 Facebook community
http://www.facebook.com/home.
php?ref=home#/pages/Kuala-
Lumpur-Malaysia/OUM-Mobile-
Learning
 http://twitter.com/oumh1103 for
“archive” of SMS


Categories of SMS and Examples
Category Example
Content There are 4 pairs of learning styles: Active/Reflective;
15 Sensing/Intuitive; Visual/Verbal; Sequential/Global.
Which is yours? See Appendix 1.1

Course Hi there! Warm greetings from OUM Mobile Learning
Managemen Team. For your info, you may view previous SMSes
t online at http://twitter.com/oumh1103
6
Forum What are the strategies & advantages of OUM blended
4 learning modes? Discuss in myLMS forum.
Tips Do you know you can change your password in
4 myLMS? Try or ask your tutor
Motivation Motivation Quote: “The man who can drive himself
2 further once the effort gets painful is the man who will
Total = 31 SMS win” by Roger Bannister

Formative Evaluation
(mid May 2009 semester)
 51 learners  Generally receptive
 12 tutors  Feelings about SMS
 6 learning centres  Actions upon receiving
SMS
 Timing and frequency
 Usefulness of the SMS

Abas, Lim & Woo (2009). Mobile learning initiative through SMS:
A formative evaluation, ASEAN J. Open Distance
Learning, 1(1)


Formative Evaluation
Source: Abas, Z.W., Lim, T. & Woo. T.K.
(2009). Mobile learning initiative through

(mid May 2009 semester)
SMS:
A formative evaluation, ASEAN J. Open
Distance Learning, 1(1), 49-58.
Actions
Feelings upon Timing and Usefulness
about SMS receiving Frequency of the SMS
SMS
Waktu malam
memang tak sesuai . . When I receive it in the
. Sebelum 10 mlm morning, it sort of helps
Termenung sekejap
Saya gembira terima okay me to plan for the
SMS tapi tak boleh evening
reply

If it’s beneficial why
not every day?
I got a flood of students
Kita rasa kita ni so
coming into the forum . .
special
.
It’s mechanical if
frequency is set at
If on forum, wait til got two times or three
U rasa OUM beri time times a week. Should For me this system
perhatian, saya rasa have more frequent should be continued . . .
dihargai, saya suka discussions nearer SMS is important for me
terima SMS the exam


Comments in Facebook


Source: Abas, Z.W., Lim, T., Harvinder Kaur, Wei, W.S. (2009). Design and implementation of mobi

Summative Evaluation - 712 learners
(end May 2009 semester)
at Open University Malaysia. Paper submitted to the SEAAIR 2009 conference.

100
90
2.2
80
Avearage % Agreement

3.1
70 Disagree & Strongly
Disagree
60
49.4 47.7 Agree
50
40
Srongly Agree
30
20
35.5 26.6
10
0
Uselfulness Motivation

Learners’ Perception of Usefulness and Motivation


Source: Abas, Z.W., Lim, T., Harvinder Kaur, Wei, W.S. (2009). Design and implementation of mobi

Summative Evaluation - 712 learners
(end May 2009 semester)
at Open University Malaysia. Paper submitted to the SEAAIR 2009 conference.

90
Average % Agreement

80
4.6 4.9 3.5
70
6.3
60
50
44.2 52.5 49.5 52.4
40
30
20
10 12.3 15.3 14.4 25.5
0

n

t
Disagree & Strongly
ps
t

en
en

t io
Ti

m
nt

iva
Disagree

e
Co

ag
ot

Agree
M

an
M
se
Strongly Agree
ur
Co

Perceived Effectiveness of the Various SMS
Categories

From a student’s email . . .
You guys made a great difference by
Email received on 3 Aug 2009 alerting we distance learners with
questions & statements, keeping up all
along the ODL module &
tutorials, encouraging our learning. Our
“lecturer,” helped and encouraged us to
respond to the messages you guys
posted, by creating a specific section in
the forum for discussions of SMS’s.

I strongly believe that this mode of on the
move, two-way communicative learning
methodology will be very beneficial and
help to complement, the self-learning, the
face to face tutorial and on-line learning.


Mobile learning at OUM is like having a/an:

alarm clock that tells the
learner when to study
coach who tells the learner
what to
study, motivate, engage and
keep the learner on track
personal assistant to
remind the learner of
important dates and things to
do

59
Tutor in the eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas 26-30 October 2009
pocket

The Future

SMS


The When and What of M-
Learning

Productive use of time that would
have otherwise been wasted
while
waiting, traveling, exercising, etc.

Viewing, listening, interacting to a
wide range of content and being
reminded of important tasks and
events via mobile/hand-held
devices.

Future
Anytime/Anywhere
Learning
Learning on the go
Push-Pull learning
(the future)

Current

Tutor in the
Pocket
..
.teaches, manag
es, guides, remi
nds and
motivates the
learner
Mobile Learning
at OUM

On the web:
zoraini@oum.edu.my
zoraini@gmail.com

http://research-
zwa.blogspot.com/

http://eyeonlearning.blo
gspot.com/

http://twitter.com/zoraini

http://www.facebook.co
m/zoraini

Thank You
IM: zwabas@ymail.com

http://www.slideshare.net/zoraini/ici9keynot
e-zwa-aug13-2009


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