AWS Community Day CPH - Three problems of Terraform
Csa promotion through partnership coraf
1. Strengthening partnership to promote
climate-smart agriculture in West Africa
Robert Zougmoré
CCAFS West Africa Program Leader
2. Length of growing season is
likely to decline..
Length of growing
period (%)
This image cannot currently be display ed.
>20% loss
To 2090, taking 14 5-20% loss
climate models No change
5-20% gain
>20% gain
Four degree rise
Thornton et al. (2010) ILRI/CCAFS
3. What is Climate Smart Agriculture?
Agriculture that sustainably:
1. increases productivity
2. resilience (adaptation)
3. reduces GHG (mitigation)
And enhances achievement of
national food security and
development goals (FAO, 2010)
WWW.FAO.ORG/CLIMATECHANGE/CLIMATESMART/EN
4. Food Ecological
Security foot print
Adaptation
“Climate smart means landscape and policy smart”
5. CSA is not business as usual?
Multiple benefits
Attention to synergies and trade-offs
New partnerships
New types of finance
6. It’s a multitude of trade-offs…
•Across sub-sectors (e.g. residues to soils or
livestock?)
•Across spatial scales (e.g. more productive
agriculture can result in forest clearance)
•Different kinds of households (e.g. some risk
insurance exclude female-headed households)
•Short-term vs. long term benefits (e.g. livestock
risk insurance can promote land degradation)
7. It’s all about scale
• CSA can have different meanings depending upon the
scale at which it is being applied:
• At local scale: opportunities for higher production, e.g.
through improved management
• At national scale: e.g. providing frameworks that incentivize
sustainable management practices
• At global scale: e.g. setting rules for global trade
• For smallholders: greater food security and resilience
against shocks
• For intensive agriculture: opportunities to reduce emissions
Effective partnership to ensure that the different
temporal and spatial scales work together properly
8. Some climate-smart agricultural
practices
Crop management Livestock Soil and water Agroforestry Integrated food
management management energy systems
• Intercropping • Improved feeding • Conservation • Boundary trees • Biogas
with legumes strategies agriculture and hedgerows • Production of
• Crop rotations • Rotational grazing • Contour planting • Nitrogen-fixing energy plants
• New crop • Fodder crops • Terraces and trees on farms • Improved stoves
varieties • Grassland bunds • Multipurpose
• Improved storage restoration and • Planting pits trees
and processing conservation • Water storage • Improved fallow
techniques • Manure • Alternate wetting with fertilizer
• Greater crop treatment and drying (rice) shrubs
diversity • Improved • Dams, pits, ridges • Woodlots
livestock health • Improved • Fruit orchards
• Animal husbandry irrigation (drip)
improvements
All practices presented here improve food security and
lead to higher productivity, but their ability to address
adaptation and mitigation varies
9. Total annual GHG emissions
1,000 t CO2e, from land-use change, livestock, nitrogen fertilizer consumption
and fires in grazing lands (Brown et al 2011)
Land-Use Nitrogen Grazing Area
Region Country Livestock Total
Change Fertilizer Burned from NC*
East Africa Ethiopia 7,339 41,966 339 1,254 50,897
Kenya 1,812 11,988 323 232 14,356
Tanzania 1,833 13,935 42 1,736 17,546
Uganda 1,112 6,204 18 524 7,858
Subtotal 12,097 74,093 722 3,745 90,657
West Africa Burkina Faso 273 8,779 18 306 9,377
Ghana 1,664 1,865 55 491 4,076
Mali 440 9,270 64 241 10,015
Niger 31 10,405 14 9 10,460
Senegal 369 3,364 84 249 4,066
Subtotal 2,778 33,683 235 1,297 37,993
Grand Total 14,874 107,776 957 5,043 128,649
10. We need mitigation options
Cropland
management
Grazing land Land cover
management change
Management Manure-
of organic GHG biosolid
soils reduction management
Restoration
of degraded Bioenergy
lands Livestock
management
16. Early action: building on proven
technologies, practices and approaches
• Agroforestry systems-Conservation agriculture
• Soil and nutrient management
• Water harvesting and use
• Pest and disease control
• Resilient ecosystems
• Genetic resources
• Harvesting, processing and supply chains
On-the-ground implementation (PAR)
17. But not only coping strategies
Rehabilitation, Prevention, sustainable intensification…
19. Naturally assisted tree regeneration
in Niger
This farm family has been food
New AGF parklands in Zinder
secure since they began
(Faidherbia Albida, ≈ 1 M ha
rehabilitation
20. Increased resilience to inter-annual rainfall
variability in improved fallow systems in Malawi
2,5
2
Yield (t ha-1)
1,5
1
0,5
0
1001 1017 551 962 522
Seasonal rainfall (mm)
Sole maize Maize + sesbania
21. Institutional & policy options
• Enabling policy environment
• Information production and dissemination
• Climate data and information gaps
• Dissemination mechanisms
• Preparing institutions at the grassroots
• Institutions to support financing and insurance
needs
• Adaptation through awareness creation and
empowerment
• Education of future generations (curricula)
23. Way forwards?
• Provide an enabling legal and political environment
• Improve market accessibility
• Involve all stakeholders in the project-planning process
• Improve access to knowledge and capacity strengthening
(short & long-terms)
• Introduce more secure tenure
• Overcome the barriers of high opportunity costs to land
• Improve access to farm implements and capital
• Communication efforts for widespread dissemination of
information
24. Regional and national learning platforms
For information exchange, capacity strengthening,
building consensus around issues and priorities
National and regional Regional economic
agencies community
Research providers Advisory services
NGOs & policy think tanks Farmer organisations
25. CCAFS PARTICIPATORY PARTNERS
ACTION RESEARCH
FO/CBO
Objective: Test, adapt NARES RECs
and monitor strategic (CILSS,
ARIs INSAH,
innovations supporting UNIVs etc.)
climate-smart CCAFS
agriculture (CGIAR
+ ESSP)
Approach: particular actions, NGOs PRIVATE
interventions tested and
implemented simultaneously with
local communities, partners, CSO
researchers & development
workers, cooperating closely
PILOT SITES IN WEST AFRICA
• Kaffrine (Senegal)
• Kollo (Niger)
• Ségou (Mali)
• Lawra-Jirapa (Ghana)
• Yatenga (Tougou)
