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REVISION OF 1ST TERM
2012-2013
By Zeynep Özaltın Taşkın
UNIT 1 INTERESTING BELIEFS
 Adjectives (sıfatlar) isimleri niteler.
 Sıfatlar iki grupta incelenir
     Personality (kişilik)        (shy,stingy…)
     Physical Appearance (Fiziksel görünüm)
      (tall, plump…)
   If : eğer
      If + Simple Present Tense , will
                 (geniş zaman)          can, may, must, should
                                         emir cümlesi
    If you see a black cat , it will bring you bad luck.

      will                    if      Simple Present Tense
       can, may, must, should
        emir cümlesi
    (İngilizler TERS adam)
    It will bring you bad luck if you see a black cat.
   Aquarius=
    Aries=
    Cancer=
    Capricorn=
    Clever=
   Aquarius= Kova Burcu
    Aries= Koç Burcu
    Cancer= Yengeç Burcu
    Capricorn= Oğlak Burcu
    Clever= Zeki
   Fortune=
    Cookie=
    Friendly=
    Funny=
    Gemini=
   Fortune= fal
    Cookie= kurabiye
    Friendly= Arkadaş canlısı
    Funny= Eğlenceli
    Gemini= İkizler Burcu
   Generous=
    Handsome=
    Helpful=
    Horoscope=
    Kind=
   Generous= Cömert
    Handsome= Yakışıklı
    Helpful= Yardımsever
    Horoscope= Burçlar
    Kind= Nazik
   Lazy=
    Leo=
    Optimistic=
    Pessimistic=
    Pisces=
   Lazy= Tembel
    Leo= Aslan Burcu
    Optimistic= İyimser
    Pessimistic= Kötümser
    Pisces= Balık Burcu
   Prediction=
    Rude=
    Sagittarius=
    Scorpio=
    Shy=
   Prediction= Tahmin
    Rude= Kaba
    Sagittarius= Yay Burcu
    Scorpio= Akrep Burcu
    Shy= Utangaç
   Stingy=
    Sunshine=
    Taurus=
    Virgo=
    Ugly=
   Stingy= Cimri
    Sunshine= Güneş Işığı
    Taurus= Boğa burcu
    Virgo= Başak Burcu
    Ugly=Çirkin
   Slim=
    Appearence=
    Describe=
    Sign=
    Remember=
   Slim= Zayıf
    Appearence= Görünüş
    Describe= Tarif etmek
    Sign= İşaret
    Remember= Hatırlamak
   Communication=
    Hopeless=
    Patient=
    Relationship=
    Sensitive=
   Communication= İletişim
    Hopeless= Umutsuz
    Patient= Sabırlı - Hasta
    Relationship= İlişki
    Sensitive= Hassas
UNIT 2 TOURIST ATTRACTIONS
   Yer yön tarifi
     Where is the bank?
     What is the best way to the hospital?
     Is there a post office near here?
     How can I get to the theatre?


     Go along the Demirkapı Street.
     Go straight ahead.
     Pass the chemist’s.
     Turn left.
     Turn right.
    SOL                   S
      E                   A
      F                 RIGHT
      T
   Suggestions (Öneriler)
       Shall ………………….?
           I ve we
           Fiil yalın
           Soru
       Why don’t…………….?
           You ve we
           Fiil yalın
           Soru
       How about……? What about…..?
           Özne yok
           Fiil (ing)
           soru
       Let’s………………… .
           Özne yok
           Fiil yalın
           Düz cümle
           Olumsuz öneri SADECE LET’S NOT ile
   Access=
    Accommodation=
    Available=
    Cemetery=
    Centre=
   Access= Giriş
    Accommodation= Yerleşim
    Available= Müsait
    Cemetery= Mezarlık
    Centre= Merkez
   City=
    Coast=
    Continent =
    Crowded=
    Fall=
   City= Şehir
    Coast= Sahil
    Continent = Kıta
    Crowded= Kalabalık
    Fall= Düşmek
   Ferry=
    Greet=
    Hero=
    Hospitable=
    Hostel=
   Ferry= Feribot
    Greet= Karşılamak
    Hero= Kahraman
    Hospitable= Misafirperver
    Hostel=Öğrenci yurdu
   Lie=
    Memorial=
    Monument=
    Mosquito=
    Noise=
   Lie= Yalan söylemek
    Memorial= Anıt
    Monument= Abide
    Mosquito= Sivrisinek
    Noise= gürültü
   Offer=
    Peninsula=
    Pollution=
    Province=
    Range=
   Offer= Teklif Etmek
    Peninsula= Yarımada
    Pollution= Kirlilik
    Province= Eyalet
    Range= Alan, Saha
   Region=
    Resident=
    Specialty=
    Spirit=
    Strait=
   Region= Bölge
    Resident= Yerleşim
    Specialty= Uzmanlık alanı
    Spirit= Ruh
    Strait= Boğaz
   Territory=
    Touristic=
    Underground=
    Variety=
   Territory= Bölge
    Touristic= Turistik
    Underground= Metro
    Variety= Çeşitlilik
UNIT 3 OUR NATURAL HERITAGE
   Should
     -meli
     + - ?

   Ought to
     -meli
     + -

   Had better
     yapsan iyi olur
     + -
     Otherwise - or - or else
    We had better not cut down trees otherwise we won’t
      breath in the future.
   Carpool=
    Environment-friendly =
    Global Warming=
    Harmful=
    Inhabitant=
   Carpool= Arabayı ortak kullanma
    Environment-friendly = Çevre dostu
    Global Warming= Küresel ısınma
    Harmful= Zararlı
    Inhabitant= Yerli
   Litter=
    Protect=
    Recycle=
    Reduce=
    Save=
   Litter = Çöp
    Protect= Korumak
    Recycle= Geridönüşüm
    Reduce= Azaltmak
    Save=Korumak
   Waste=
    Preserve=
    Nature=
    Produce=
    Device=
   Waste=Atık
    Preserve= Korumak
    Nature= Doğa
    Produce= Üretmek
    Device= Alet
   Grain=
    Local=
    Transportation=
    Create=
   Grain= Öğütmek
    Local= Yerel
    Transportation= Ulaşım
    Create= Yaratmak
   Explore=
    Neighbourhood=
    Campaign =
   Explore= Araştırmak
    Neighbourhood= Civar
    Campaign = Kampanya
UNIT 4 FASHION
   As…sıfat…as (kadar)
       I am as tall as Mert.



   The same as (aynı)
       Fridge is the same as refrigrator.




   Different from (farklı)
       A dog is different from a cat.
   Atom bomb=
    Mobile phone=
    Chopsticks=
    Computer=
    Fold up=
   Atom bomb= Atom bombası
    Mobile phone= Cep telefonu
    Chopsticks= Yemek Çubuğu
    Computer= Bilgisayar
    Fold up= Katlamak
   Funnel=
    Holder=
    İnvisible=
    Laser Surgery=
    Medicine=
   Funnel= Huni
    Holder= Kulp
    İnvisible= Görünmez
    Laser Surgery= Lazer cerrahi
    Medicine= İlaç
   Nuclear Weapons=
    Pill=
    Plug=
    Splash=
    Tissue=
   Nuclear Weapons= Nükleer Silahlar
    Pill= Hap
    Plug= Priz
    Splash= Sıçratmak
    Tissue= Kağıt mendil
   Tube=
    Ultrasound Devices=
    Wheel=
    Development=
    İnvention=
   Tube= Tüp
    Ultrasound Devices= Ultrason aleti
    Wheel= Tekerlek
    Development= Gelişme
    İnvention= Buluş
   Reduce=
    Precautions=
    Recommendation=
   Reduce= Azaltmak
    Precautions= Önlemler
    Recommendation= Öneri
UNIT 5 COMPUTERS
   Comparative (Kıyaslama)
     İki öğe olmalı
     Cümlede mutlaka than kullanılmalı
     Kısa sıfat ise –r            -er      -ier
                      safer        taller   shy
                                            shier
       Uzun sıfat ise   more
                         more beautiful
   Superlative (üstünlük)
     Tek öğe olmalı
     Cümlede mutlaka the kullanılmalı
     Kısa sıfat ise –st           -est       -iest
                      safest       tallest    shy
                                              shiest
       Uzun sıfat ise   the most
                         the most beautiful
   Irregular (düzensiz)
       Good – better – the best
       Bad – worse – the worst
       Little – less – the least
       Much/many – more – the most
       Far – farther / further – the farthest / the furthest
   Access=
    Advantage=
    Chat=
    Disadvantage=
    E-mail=
   Access= Giriş
    Advantage= Avantaj
    Chat= Sohbet
    Disadvantage= Dezavantaj
    E-mail= elektronik posta
   Idol =
    Network=
    Search=
    Search Engine=
    Surf the Internet=
   Idol = Gözde kişi
    Network= Ağ
    Search= Aramak
    Search Engine= Arama motoru
    Surf the Internet= Internette gezinmek
   Website=
    Monitor=
    Keyboard=
    Case=
    Speakers=
   Website= İnternet sitesi
    Monitor= Ekran
    Keyboard= Klavye
    Case= Dava
    Speakers= Hoparlör
   Mouse=
    Webcam=
    Select=
    Afford=
    Distance=
   Mouse= Fare
    Webcam= Web kamerası
    Select= Seçmek
    Afford= Çaba sarfetmek
    Distance= Mesafe
   Weak=
    Giant=
    Support=
    Argument=
    Insert=
   Weak= Zayıf
    Giant= Kocaman
    Support= Destek
    Argument= Tartışma
    Insert= Eklemek
UNIT 6 TV PROGRAMS
   Would like (istemek)
     Kibar
     ‘S takısı YOK
     İsim yada to fiil
    He would like apple.   He would like to eat apple.
     Olumsuzu wouldn’t like
     Soru Would you like…?
   Want (istemek)
     Samimi
     ‘S takısı VAR
     İsim yada to fiil
    He wants apple.       she wants to eat apple.
     Olumsuzu don’t want yada doesn’t want
     Soru Do you want…? yada Does he want…?
   Prefer (tercih etmek)
      ‘S takısı VAR
     İsim yada fiil(ing)
    Ahmet prefers series to news.
    I prefer swimming to running.
     Olumsuzu don’t prefer yada doesn’t prefer
     Soru Do you prefer…? yada Does he prefer…?
     Olumlu cümlede 1. sevilir
     Olumsuz cümlede 2. sevilir
   Award=
    Challenge=
    Channel=
    Close=
    Couch Potato=
   Award= Ödül
    Challenge= Meydan okumak
    Channel= Kanal
    Close= Kapatmak
    Couch Potato= Tembel uyuşuk
   Comment=
    Co-Star=
    Curious=
    Documentary=
    Episode=
   Comment= Yorum
    Co-Star= Yardımcı oyuncu
    Curious= Meraklı
    Documentary= Belgesel
    Episode= Bölüm
   Firm=
    Gorgeous=
    Imaginary=
    Lead=
   Firm= Sıkı
    Gorgeous= Kocaman
    Imaginary= Hayalî
    Lead= Yol göstermek
   Look forward to=
    Maintain=
    Naive=
    On air=
    Paperweight=
   Look forward to= Dört gözle beklemek
    Maintain= Devam ettirmek
    Naive= Saf
    On air= Yayında
    Paperweight= Kağıt ağırlığı
   Prefer=
    Relationship=
    Relevant=
    Replica=
    Series=
   Prefer= Tercih etmek
    Relationship= İlişki
    Relevant= Uygun
    Replica= kopya
    Series= Dizi
   Sitcom=
    Soap opera=
    Soccer=
    Struggle with=
    Stubborn=
   Sitcom= Durum komedisi
    Soap opera= Pembe dizi
    Soccer= Futbol
    Struggle with= Uğraşmak
    Stubborn= İnatçı
   Summary=
    Viewer=
    Weather forecast=
    Underline=
    Preference=
   Summary= Özet
    Viewer= Seyreden
    Weather forecast= Hava durumu
    Underline= Altını çizmek
    Preference= Tercih
UNIT 7 OLD DAYS
   Simple Past Tense (geçmiş zaman)

 I , He , She , It , Tekil ……… WAS
 You , We , They , Çoğul……..WERE



   Olumsuzu WASN’T yada WEREN’T

   Was ve were ile fiil kullanılmaz. Sadece BORN
    (doğmak) fiili istisna olarak kullanılabilir.
      Atatürk was born in 1881.
   Leisure center=
    Naughty=
    Recognize=
    Childhood=
    Take a bite=
   Leisure center= Boş zaman geçirme tesisi
    Naughty= yaramaz
    Recognize= tanımak
    Childhood= Çocukluk
    Take a bite= Bir ısırık almak
   Appearance=
    Quality=
    Provide=
    Caring=
    Teenager=
   Appearance= görünüş
    Quality= kalite
    Provide= Sağlamak
    Caring= Nazik , düşünceli
    Teenager= Genç
   Whisper=
    Fascinating=
    Slim=
    Occasion=
   Whisper= Fısıldamak
    Fascinating= Büyüleyici
    Slim= İnce
    Occasion= Durum

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Revision of 1 st term 2012 2013 7.ppt

  • 1. REVISION OF 1ST TERM 2012-2013 By Zeynep Özaltın Taşkın
  • 2. UNIT 1 INTERESTING BELIEFS  Adjectives (sıfatlar) isimleri niteler.  Sıfatlar iki grupta incelenir  Personality (kişilik) (shy,stingy…)  Physical Appearance (Fiziksel görünüm) (tall, plump…)
  • 3. If : eğer  If + Simple Present Tense , will (geniş zaman) can, may, must, should emir cümlesi If you see a black cat , it will bring you bad luck.  will if Simple Present Tense can, may, must, should emir cümlesi (İngilizler TERS adam) It will bring you bad luck if you see a black cat.
  • 4. Aquarius= Aries= Cancer= Capricorn= Clever=
  • 5. Aquarius= Kova Burcu Aries= Koç Burcu Cancer= Yengeç Burcu Capricorn= Oğlak Burcu Clever= Zeki
  • 6. Fortune= Cookie= Friendly= Funny= Gemini=
  • 7. Fortune= fal Cookie= kurabiye Friendly= Arkadaş canlısı Funny= Eğlenceli Gemini= İkizler Burcu
  • 8. Generous= Handsome= Helpful= Horoscope= Kind=
  • 9. Generous= Cömert Handsome= Yakışıklı Helpful= Yardımsever Horoscope= Burçlar Kind= Nazik
  • 10. Lazy= Leo= Optimistic= Pessimistic= Pisces=
  • 11. Lazy= Tembel Leo= Aslan Burcu Optimistic= İyimser Pessimistic= Kötümser Pisces= Balık Burcu
  • 12. Prediction= Rude= Sagittarius= Scorpio= Shy=
  • 13. Prediction= Tahmin Rude= Kaba Sagittarius= Yay Burcu Scorpio= Akrep Burcu Shy= Utangaç
  • 14. Stingy= Sunshine= Taurus= Virgo= Ugly=
  • 15. Stingy= Cimri Sunshine= Güneş Işığı Taurus= Boğa burcu Virgo= Başak Burcu Ugly=Çirkin
  • 16. Slim= Appearence= Describe= Sign= Remember=
  • 17. Slim= Zayıf Appearence= Görünüş Describe= Tarif etmek Sign= İşaret Remember= Hatırlamak
  • 18. Communication= Hopeless= Patient= Relationship= Sensitive=
  • 19. Communication= İletişim Hopeless= Umutsuz Patient= Sabırlı - Hasta Relationship= İlişki Sensitive= Hassas
  • 20. UNIT 2 TOURIST ATTRACTIONS  Yer yön tarifi  Where is the bank?  What is the best way to the hospital?  Is there a post office near here?  How can I get to the theatre?  Go along the Demirkapı Street.  Go straight ahead.  Pass the chemist’s.  Turn left.  Turn right. SOL S E A F RIGHT T
  • 21. Suggestions (Öneriler)  Shall ………………….?  I ve we  Fiil yalın  Soru  Why don’t…………….?  You ve we  Fiil yalın  Soru  How about……? What about…..?  Özne yok  Fiil (ing)  soru  Let’s………………… .  Özne yok  Fiil yalın  Düz cümle  Olumsuz öneri SADECE LET’S NOT ile
  • 22. Access= Accommodation= Available= Cemetery= Centre=
  • 23. Access= Giriş Accommodation= Yerleşim Available= Müsait Cemetery= Mezarlık Centre= Merkez
  • 24. City= Coast= Continent = Crowded= Fall=
  • 25. City= Şehir Coast= Sahil Continent = Kıta Crowded= Kalabalık Fall= Düşmek
  • 26. Ferry= Greet= Hero= Hospitable= Hostel=
  • 27. Ferry= Feribot Greet= Karşılamak Hero= Kahraman Hospitable= Misafirperver Hostel=Öğrenci yurdu
  • 28. Lie= Memorial= Monument= Mosquito= Noise=
  • 29. Lie= Yalan söylemek Memorial= Anıt Monument= Abide Mosquito= Sivrisinek Noise= gürültü
  • 30. Offer= Peninsula= Pollution= Province= Range=
  • 31. Offer= Teklif Etmek Peninsula= Yarımada Pollution= Kirlilik Province= Eyalet Range= Alan, Saha
  • 32. Region= Resident= Specialty= Spirit= Strait=
  • 33. Region= Bölge Resident= Yerleşim Specialty= Uzmanlık alanı Spirit= Ruh Strait= Boğaz
  • 34. Territory= Touristic= Underground= Variety=
  • 35. Territory= Bölge Touristic= Turistik Underground= Metro Variety= Çeşitlilik
  • 36. UNIT 3 OUR NATURAL HERITAGE  Should  -meli  + - ?  Ought to  -meli  + -  Had better  yapsan iyi olur  + -  Otherwise - or - or else We had better not cut down trees otherwise we won’t breath in the future.
  • 37. Carpool= Environment-friendly = Global Warming= Harmful= Inhabitant=
  • 38. Carpool= Arabayı ortak kullanma Environment-friendly = Çevre dostu Global Warming= Küresel ısınma Harmful= Zararlı Inhabitant= Yerli
  • 39. Litter= Protect= Recycle= Reduce= Save=
  • 40. Litter = Çöp Protect= Korumak Recycle= Geridönüşüm Reduce= Azaltmak Save=Korumak
  • 41. Waste= Preserve= Nature= Produce= Device=
  • 42. Waste=Atık Preserve= Korumak Nature= Doğa Produce= Üretmek Device= Alet
  • 43. Grain= Local= Transportation= Create=
  • 44. Grain= Öğütmek Local= Yerel Transportation= Ulaşım Create= Yaratmak
  • 45. Explore= Neighbourhood= Campaign =
  • 46. Explore= Araştırmak Neighbourhood= Civar Campaign = Kampanya
  • 47. UNIT 4 FASHION  As…sıfat…as (kadar)  I am as tall as Mert.  The same as (aynı)  Fridge is the same as refrigrator.  Different from (farklı)  A dog is different from a cat.
  • 48. Atom bomb= Mobile phone= Chopsticks= Computer= Fold up=
  • 49. Atom bomb= Atom bombası Mobile phone= Cep telefonu Chopsticks= Yemek Çubuğu Computer= Bilgisayar Fold up= Katlamak
  • 50. Funnel= Holder= İnvisible= Laser Surgery= Medicine=
  • 51. Funnel= Huni Holder= Kulp İnvisible= Görünmez Laser Surgery= Lazer cerrahi Medicine= İlaç
  • 52. Nuclear Weapons= Pill= Plug= Splash= Tissue=
  • 53. Nuclear Weapons= Nükleer Silahlar Pill= Hap Plug= Priz Splash= Sıçratmak Tissue= Kağıt mendil
  • 54. Tube= Ultrasound Devices= Wheel= Development= İnvention=
  • 55. Tube= Tüp Ultrasound Devices= Ultrason aleti Wheel= Tekerlek Development= Gelişme İnvention= Buluş
  • 56. Reduce= Precautions= Recommendation=
  • 57. Reduce= Azaltmak Precautions= Önlemler Recommendation= Öneri
  • 58. UNIT 5 COMPUTERS  Comparative (Kıyaslama)  İki öğe olmalı  Cümlede mutlaka than kullanılmalı  Kısa sıfat ise –r -er -ier safer taller shy shier  Uzun sıfat ise more more beautiful
  • 59. Superlative (üstünlük)  Tek öğe olmalı  Cümlede mutlaka the kullanılmalı  Kısa sıfat ise –st -est -iest safest tallest shy shiest  Uzun sıfat ise the most the most beautiful
  • 60. Irregular (düzensiz)  Good – better – the best  Bad – worse – the worst  Little – less – the least  Much/many – more – the most  Far – farther / further – the farthest / the furthest
  • 61. Access= Advantage= Chat= Disadvantage= E-mail=
  • 62. Access= Giriş Advantage= Avantaj Chat= Sohbet Disadvantage= Dezavantaj E-mail= elektronik posta
  • 63. Idol = Network= Search= Search Engine= Surf the Internet=
  • 64. Idol = Gözde kişi Network= Ağ Search= Aramak Search Engine= Arama motoru Surf the Internet= Internette gezinmek
  • 65. Website= Monitor= Keyboard= Case= Speakers=
  • 66. Website= İnternet sitesi Monitor= Ekran Keyboard= Klavye Case= Dava Speakers= Hoparlör
  • 67. Mouse= Webcam= Select= Afford= Distance=
  • 68. Mouse= Fare Webcam= Web kamerası Select= Seçmek Afford= Çaba sarfetmek Distance= Mesafe
  • 69. Weak= Giant= Support= Argument= Insert=
  • 70. Weak= Zayıf Giant= Kocaman Support= Destek Argument= Tartışma Insert= Eklemek
  • 71. UNIT 6 TV PROGRAMS  Would like (istemek)  Kibar  ‘S takısı YOK  İsim yada to fiil He would like apple. He would like to eat apple.  Olumsuzu wouldn’t like  Soru Would you like…?  Want (istemek)  Samimi  ‘S takısı VAR  İsim yada to fiil He wants apple. she wants to eat apple.  Olumsuzu don’t want yada doesn’t want  Soru Do you want…? yada Does he want…?
  • 72. Prefer (tercih etmek)  ‘S takısı VAR  İsim yada fiil(ing) Ahmet prefers series to news. I prefer swimming to running.  Olumsuzu don’t prefer yada doesn’t prefer  Soru Do you prefer…? yada Does he prefer…?  Olumlu cümlede 1. sevilir  Olumsuz cümlede 2. sevilir
  • 73. Award= Challenge= Channel= Close= Couch Potato=
  • 74. Award= Ödül Challenge= Meydan okumak Channel= Kanal Close= Kapatmak Couch Potato= Tembel uyuşuk
  • 75. Comment= Co-Star= Curious= Documentary= Episode=
  • 76. Comment= Yorum Co-Star= Yardımcı oyuncu Curious= Meraklı Documentary= Belgesel Episode= Bölüm
  • 77. Firm= Gorgeous= Imaginary= Lead=
  • 78. Firm= Sıkı Gorgeous= Kocaman Imaginary= Hayalî Lead= Yol göstermek
  • 79. Look forward to= Maintain= Naive= On air= Paperweight=
  • 80. Look forward to= Dört gözle beklemek Maintain= Devam ettirmek Naive= Saf On air= Yayında Paperweight= Kağıt ağırlığı
  • 81. Prefer= Relationship= Relevant= Replica= Series=
  • 82. Prefer= Tercih etmek Relationship= İlişki Relevant= Uygun Replica= kopya Series= Dizi
  • 83. Sitcom= Soap opera= Soccer= Struggle with= Stubborn=
  • 84. Sitcom= Durum komedisi Soap opera= Pembe dizi Soccer= Futbol Struggle with= Uğraşmak Stubborn= İnatçı
  • 85. Summary= Viewer= Weather forecast= Underline= Preference=
  • 86. Summary= Özet Viewer= Seyreden Weather forecast= Hava durumu Underline= Altını çizmek Preference= Tercih
  • 87. UNIT 7 OLD DAYS  Simple Past Tense (geçmiş zaman)  I , He , She , It , Tekil ……… WAS  You , We , They , Çoğul……..WERE  Olumsuzu WASN’T yada WEREN’T  Was ve were ile fiil kullanılmaz. Sadece BORN (doğmak) fiili istisna olarak kullanılabilir. Atatürk was born in 1881.
  • 88. Leisure center= Naughty= Recognize= Childhood= Take a bite=
  • 89. Leisure center= Boş zaman geçirme tesisi Naughty= yaramaz Recognize= tanımak Childhood= Çocukluk Take a bite= Bir ısırık almak
  • 90. Appearance= Quality= Provide= Caring= Teenager=
  • 91. Appearance= görünüş Quality= kalite Provide= Sağlamak Caring= Nazik , düşünceli Teenager= Genç
  • 92. Whisper= Fascinating= Slim= Occasion=
  • 93. Whisper= Fısıldamak Fascinating= Büyüleyici Slim= İnce Occasion= Durum