17 August 2012. 10am - 12pm QUT Gardens Point Campus. PhD Confirmation of Candidature Seminar. The slides with overlapping images are because of the animation set for Powerpoint. After conversion to PDF the result is as viewed.

1. CONTEMPORARY AUSTRALIAN MUSLIM HOMES:
PERCEPTIONS OF PRIVACY IN THE CONTEXT OF
MAINTAINING MODESTY AND HOSPITALITY
Confirmation of Candidature (Articulation)
(BN71 to IF49)
Zulkeplee Othman
N8438641

2. Structure of the presentation
1. Research Interest ► Research Problems ► Research Questions
2. Literature Review
3. Aims ► Conceptual Framework
4. Research Plan ► Methodology
5. Research Timeline ► Progress to Date

3. Research Interest ►
Research Problems ►
Research Questions

4. A home ……
1. Is place where one lives permanently, especially as a
RESEARCH
household (Oxford Dictionaries Resources, 2012) INTEREST
2. Provides similar functions: • Nostalgia
• Intimacy
• Shelter • Domesticity
• Refuge • Diversity • Commodity & Delight
• Social Affiliation • Ease
• Activity Culture and • Light & Air
• Personalisation environment • Efficiency
• Self-Identity (Altman & Chemers, • Style & Substance
• Continuity 1980) • Austerity
• Privacy • Comfort & Well-being
Home as an
Home: a short history of an
environmental and
idea (Rybczynski, 1987)
psychological concept
(Hayward, 1975) quid enim sanctius, quid omni religione munitius, quam domus unusquisque civium?
(What more sacred, what more strongly guarded by every holy feeling, than a man's own home?)
(Cicero)

5. Home is a reflection of
culture/environment relations
Environmental factors
1. Climate
2. Temperature RESEARCH
3. Terrain INTEREST
Cultural factors
1. World views
2. Environmental cognitions
and perceptions Technological factors
3. Privacy regulation 1. Resources
4. Religious and other 2. Technological skills
values
5. Social structure
6. Family structure
The home in relation to other factors (Altman and Chemers, 1980)

6. Research interest…
RESEARCH
INTEREST
privacy modesty hospitality
Cultural factors
1. World views
2. Environmental cognitions
and perceptions
3. Privacy regulation
4. Religious and other
Muslim homes
values
5. Social structure
6. Family structure
in Australia

7. Research Problems
2011 Census - 26% of Australian born overseas, RESEARCH
20% had at least one parent born overseas (ABS, 2012) PROBLEM
476,300 Muslims in Australia (69% increment from 2001) (ABS, 2012)
No knowledge how Australian Muslims perception on home privacy
Their home environment needs have implications for home designs
Current housing design may contradict with Muslim privacy requirements

8. Research Questions
RESEARCH QUESTION
How do Australian Muslims perceive
privacy in their homes, and how do
RESEARCH
they achieve privacy? QUESTIONS
SUB QUESTION 3 SUB QUESTION 1
To what extent do Australian Muslims
What are Australian Muslims’ levels of
perceive modesty to be important within
satisfaction with current Australian
their home environment, and how do
home designs with regard to privacy?
they achieve this?
SUB QUESTION 2
How do Australian Muslims perceive hospitality
within their home environment?

9. Literature Review

10. Religion & Islam
1. Religio - what retains, bond or moral
2. Durkheim - religion brings people together and unite in moral community LITERATURE
3. Islam = ‘submission’ or ‘surrendering’ in Arabic (total submission to God) REVIEW
4. Prophet Muhammad (570 AD – 632 AD) was a messenger of Allah
5. Muslims do not worship Prophet Muhammad
6. Pillars in Islam: No Pillar of Iman Description
a) Six Pillars of Beliefs (Iman) 1 Belief in One God Allah alone
b) Five Pilars of Islam special beings to deliver messages to
2 Belief in Angels
prophets
mainly 25 prophets from Adam to
3 Belief in Prophets
Muhammad
No Pillar of Islam Description Books of Allah: Torah (Musa/Moses), Psalms
1 Shahada testimony of faith 4 Belief in Scriptures (Daud/David), Gospel (Isa/Jesus) and Al-
Sociologists and historians then increasingly come together in their common affirmation
2 Salat establishment of five daily prayers
that religion is the most primitive of all social phenomena. It is from it revelation)emerged,
Quran (Muhammad - final that have
3 Sawm fasting (month of Ramadan) through successive transformations, all the other manifestations of collective activity –
5 Belief in Qiamat Life after death / Judgement Day
law, morality, art, science, political forms, etc. In principle everything is religious
4 Zakat alms-giving (2.5% to the poor) predestination by Allah (good or bad) of all
6 Belief in Al-Qadar
5 Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca (if can afford it) things (Durkheim, 1982 [1897]:173)

11. Islam in Australia
LITERATURE
REVIEW
For those who’ve come across the seas
We’ve boundless plains to share
With courage let us all combine
To advance Australia fair.
Excerpt from ‘Advance Australia Fair’ (McCormick, 1878)

12. Traditional Muslim homes requirements
LITERATURE
1. privacy REVIEW
2. gendered space (space for women)
3. modesty
4. space for hospitality or receiving guests
And Allah has made for you from your homes a place of rest
and made for you from the hides of the animals tents
which you find light on your day of travel and your day of encampment;
and from their wool, fur and hair is furnishing
and enjoyment for a time (Al-Quran, 16:80).

13. Privacy
“the right to be let alone” (Warren and Brandeis, 1890)
LITERATURE
REVIEW
Isolation Affinity
Seclusion
Privacy Anonymity
Marshall (1972)
Westin (1970)
Reserve

14. Privacy in Muslim homes
O ye who believe! enter not houses other than your own,
until ye have asked permission and saluted those in them:
that is best for you, in order that ye may heed (what is seemly) LITERATURE
(Al-Quran, 24:27)
REVIEW
Hierarchy of privacy domains in
Personal Psychological Bubble (Hall, 1966) traditional Muslim home (Bahammam, 1987)

15. Privacy in Muslim homes (Middle East)
• Entrance door location
LITERATURE
• Above eye level windows
Visual • High parapet walls
REVIEW
• Location of rooms
Can be • Thick walls
Dense materials
achieved Acoustical •
• Zoned internal spaces:
through
male, female, services
Smell • Oud (agarwood): incense
Types of privacy in Islamic teachings (Sobh and Belk, 2011; Mortada, 2003)

16. Gendered Space - Middle East
And when you ask the ladies for anything,
ask them from before a screen.
That makes for greater purity for your hearts LITERATURE
and for theirs (Al-Quran 33:53) REVIEW
Men’s majlis (Alenazy, 2007) Women’s salon (Alenazy, 2007)

17. Modesty
Behaviour, manner, or appearance intended to avoid
impropriety or indecency (Oxford Dictionaries Resources, 2012) LITERATURE
REVIEW
1. physical modesty (dress code, fashion)
2. self-improvement or self- motivation
3. social interaction (shyness, not boasting) (Boulanouar, 2006)
4. avoiding any excessive spending and showing wealth (Mortada, 2003)
Faith consists of more than seventy branches.
And haya (modesty) is a part of faith
(from hadith Al-Bukhari)

18. Hospitality - Middle East
MALE VISITORS DESCRIPTION
wife’s muhrim such as father, father-in-law, sons, son-in-laws, brothers, nephews and uncles
Intimate relatives of wife LITERATURE
may enter house without presence of husband REVIEW
husband’s brothers or male cousins
Close family relatives
host may allow guests in female areas only after female members change clothing and wear hijab
may access to men’s area or majlis only through men’s reception area
should seek permission to use bathroom
Distant relatives and friends
could enter dining area when invited by host
after female members finished preparing food and out of sight
Categories of male visitors in relation to women in Saudi Arabian homes (Shraim, 2000) 2007)
Men’s majlis (Lockerbie Resources, 2012; Alenazy,

19. Hospitality in Traditional Malay House
Eat together and not separately,
for the blessings is associated
with the company LITERATURE
(Ibn Majah)
REVIEW
Community spirit - Malay house
The Traditional Malay House (Nasir and Wan Teh, 2004) The Malay House (Lim, 1987)

20. Contemporary Muslim Homes across the World
LITERATURE
REVIEW
Traditional vs Modern (Alenazy, 2007)
Typical use of garage as men’s majlis in Muslim homes in
Dearborn, Michigan (Emmerson, 2011)
Terrace housing in Malaysia (Md Zohri, 2010)

21. Aims ►
Conceptual Framework

22. Research Questions (Recap)
RESEARCH QUESTION
How do Australian Muslims perceive
privacy in their homes, and how do AIMS
they achieve privacy?
SUB QUESTION 3 SUB QUESTION 1
To what extent do Australian Muslims
What are Australian Muslims’ levels of
perceive modesty to be important within
satisfaction with current Australian
their home environment, and how do
home designs with regard to privacy?
they achieve this?
SUB QUESTION 2
How do Australian Muslims perceive hospitality
within their home environment?

23. Culture / Environment Relations Theory
NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENT ORIENTATIONS CONCEPTUAL
- topography / VIEWS FRAMEWORK
- climate - cosmology
- religion
- flora
- values
- fauna
- norms
ENVIRONMENTAL
BEHAVIOURS
/ PROCESSES
- privacy
- personal space
- territoriality
- crowding
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
COGNITIONS
OUTCOMES
- perceptions
- built environment
- coding
- homes
- memory
- farms
- judgements
- cities
Altman and Chemers (1980)

24. Modified Culture / Environment Relations Theory
NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONCEPTUAL
ENVIRONMENT ORIENTATIONS
- topography / VIEWS FRAMEWORK
- climate - cosmology
- flora - religion
- values
- fauna
- norms
ENVIRONMENTAL
OUTCOMES
- Australian
Muslim homes
NE EO/V
ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL
BEHAVIOURS COGNITIONS
EB/P
/ PROCESSES - perceptions
- privacy - coding
- modesty - memory EO EC
- hospitality - judgements
Altman and Chemers (1980)

25. Privacy Regulation Theory (Altman, 1975)
Privacy is
•dialectic (own experiences) and CONCEPTUAL
•dynamic (continuous management) Desired level FRAMEWORK
1. Privacy = temporal dynamic process - too much privacy = social isolation
changes depending on internal/external
conditions
2. 2 levels of privacy
- desired (required) and actual (achieved)
3. Privacy - non-monotonic function
- (more privacy is not necessarily better)
4. Privacy is bi-directional nature
- involves input / output from others
too much social = crowding
5. Privacy can be analysed in two levels
- individual & group Actual level

26. Research Significance
AIMS
1. First study of Muslim homes in Australia
2. New knowledge how Australian Muslims adapt western lifestyle
3. New privacy patterns and devices not considered before
4. Expand understanding of influence of culture and religion
in home designs

27. Research Plan ►
Methodology

28. Research Approach
1. Qualitative approach: “lived experience” of a phenomenon
RESEARCH
2. Two-step process: PLAN
a) explore connections conceptual framework factors
b) explore patterns of privacy in Queensland Muslim homes
NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENT ORIENTATIONS
- topography / VIEWS
- climate - cosmology
- flora - religion
- fauna - values
- norms
ENVIRONMENTAL
OUTCOMES
- Australian
Muslim homes
ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL
BEHAVIOURS COGNITIONS
/ PROCESSES - perceptions
- privacy - coding
- modesty - memory
- hospitality - judgements

29. Research Sample
1.Kuraby (1497
Muslims) 1.Invitation letters/
2.Woodridge (2484 1.In a family
emails and phone situation METHODOLOGY
Muslims) calls to Islamic
3.Inala (630 communities
Muslims) 2.Have children or
4.Eight Mile Plains 1. 20 to 60 samples: extended families
2.Follow up calls to
(470 Muslims) those interested
5.Logan (432 a) 10 to 30 males 3.25 to 55 years old
Muslims) - first generation
3.Screen b) 10 to 30 females OZ Muslims or
6.Morooka (321 participants
Muslims) more
7.Holland Park (295 4.Sign forms prior
Muslims) 4.Home owners or
interview rented properties
8. Algester (237
Muslims)
Research Sites Recruitment Sample Participant
Method Size Selection
(ABS, 2012)
Research Sample

30. Measurements and Assessment Tools
METHODOLOGY
1. Semi-structured interviews
1) How does your home enable you to do the things
that are important to you?
2. Open-ended questions 2) How do you make your house work so as to satisfy
the level of privacy you desire for yourself and your
family?
3) How do your neighbourhood and community enable
you to do the things you like to do and to spend with
3. Observations your family?
4) Who (the person in your household) will be
responsible in the design of your interiors and
arrangements of the furniture?
4. Drawings and photographs

31. Methods of Analysis
1. Coding: METHODOLOGY
Open Coding
Axial Coding
Selective
Coding Themes
Methods Themes Outcomes
of Analysis Discussions
2. Successive
Approximation
Social Research Methods (Neuman, 2011)

32. Timeline ►
Progress To Date

33. Timeline and Progress to Date
TIMELINE &
PROGRESS
RESEARCH TIMELINE 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36
Sep-Dec Dec 2011- Mar-Jun Dec 2012-Mar Mar-Jun Dec 2013-Mar
Time Elapsed Jun-Sep 2012 Sep-Dec 2012 Jun-Sep 2013 Sep-Jun 2013 Mar-Jun 2014 Jun-Sep 2014 Sep-Dec 2014
2011 Mar 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014
Milestones
Stage 2
Articulation
Confirmation
Annual Progress
Final Seminar
Lodgement of thesis
Generic Capabilities
Advanced information processing skills, IT
AIRS EndNote Data Analysis
& research technologies
Research planning & execution Develop tools Data Collection
Theoretical, analytical, methodological, Develop
Articulation process & seminar ATN More
research design & problem-solving skills method
Research health & safety, ethical clearance Health & Intellectual
Ethics
& intellectual property Safety Property
Project management, academic writing & ATN Leap Research
Seminar skills Final Seminar timeline
oral skills Project Commercial
Research results , scholarly publications & Assess
Journal articles Conference Journal article
presentations, policy, & career planning journals

34. Timeline and Progress to Date
RESEARCH TIMELINE 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36
Sep-Dec Dec 2011- Mar-Jun Dec 2012-Mar Mar-Jun Dec 2013-Mar
Time Elapsed Jun-Sep 2012 Sep-Dec 2012 Jun-Sep 2013 Sep-Jun 2013 Mar-Jun 2014 Jun-Sep 2014 Sep-Dec 2014
2011 Mar 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014
Coursework TIMELINE &
Advanced Information Retrieval Skills
(AIRS) (IFN001)
Thesis Writing
PROGRESS
Title & Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Journal article 1
Journal article 2
Journal article 3
Discussion
Conclusion
Research Process
Access Literature
Consider Methodological Approaches
Consider Resourcing (Scholarship)
Develop Tools
Implement & Analyse Pilot
Revising Tools
Access Sample
Fieldwork
Data Analysis for Articles 1, 2 & 3
Gather Results
Approvals & applications
Intellectual Property
Ethics
Industry
Health & safety
Scholarships
Grants in Aid
Write Up Scholarship
Outputs & options
Conference Papers
Journal articles

35. References
Alenazy, T. H. (2007). The privacy and social needs of women in contemporary Kuwaiti homes. MFA, Master of Fine Arts, Florida State University, Florida.
[Electronic Thesis].
Al-Kodmany, K. (1999). Residential visual privacy: traditional and modern architecture and urban design. Journal of Urban Design, 4(3), 283-311.
Altman, I., & Chemers, M. M. (1980). Culture and environment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Altman, I. (1975). The environment and social behavior: privacy, personal space, territory, crowding. Monterey, Calif: Brooks/Cole Pub. Co.
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2012). Reflecting a nation: stories from the 2011 Census. Cultural diversity in Australia Retrieved 21 June, 2012,
from http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/2071.0main+features902012-2013
Bahammam, A. S. (1987). Architectural patterns of privacy in Saudi Arabian housing. Master of Architecture Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, McGill University,
Montreal. Available from McGill Library
Boulanouar, A. W. (2006). The notion of modesty in Muslim women’s clothing: an Islamic point of view. [Discussion Paper]. New Zealand Journal of Asian
Studies, 8(2), 134-156
Durkheim, E. (1982 [1897]). The rules of sociological method and selected text on sociology and its method London: Macmillan Press
Emmerson, N., O’Connell, J., & Peirson, D. (Writers). (2011). All-American Muslim. USA: TLC.
Hall, E. T. (1966). The hidden dimension. Garden City, N.Y: Doubleday.
Hayward, D.G. (1975). Home as an environmental and psychological concept. Landscape, October, pp. 2-9.
Lim, J. Y. (1987). The Malay house: rediscovering Malaysia's indigenous shelter system. [Pinang], Pulau Pinang, Malaysia: Institut Masyarakat.
Marshall, N. J. (1972). Privacy and environment. Human Ecology, 1(2), 93-110. doi: 10.1007/bf01531349
McCormick, P. D. (1878). Advance Australia Fair [National Anthem]. Sydney.
Mortada, H. (2003). Traditional Islamic principles of built environment. New York: RoutledgeCurzon.
Nasir, A. H., & Wan Teh, W. H. (2004). The traditional Malay house (Third ed.). Shah Alam, Malaysia: Penerbit Fajar Bakti.
Neuman, W. L. (2011). Social research methods: qualitative and quantitative approaches (7th ed.). Unversity of Wisconsin: Pearson/Allyn & Bacon.
Rybczynski, W. (1987). Home: a short history of an idea. New York, NY: Penguin Books.
Shabani, M. M., Tahot, M. M. T., Arjmandi H., Che-Ani A.I. , Abdullah, N. A. G., & Usman, I. M. S. (2010). Achieving privacy in the Iranian contemporary compact
apartment through flexible design. In Power Systems and Remote Sensing.
Sobh, R., & Belk,. (2011). Domains of privacy and hospitality in Arab Gulf homes. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 2(2), 125-137.
Warren, S. D., & Brandeis, L. D. (1890). The right to privacy. Harvard Law Review, 4(5), 193-220.
Westin, A., (1970). Privacy and freedom (first ed. 1967). Atheneum, New York.

36. Thank You
Laurie Buys | Rosemary Aird |
Evonne Miller | Jeff Sommerfeld |
John Lockerbie | Peter Gould |
Bachar Houli | Panel Members |
Lynda Lawson |SEF and CIF staff |
HDR colleagues | QUT Library | and
everyone attending this seminar
Any questions?