1. -TopicEthics, the Environment,
and Conflicting Priorities/ Planning Goals
(Justice, Conflict, and the Right to the City)
By :
Desy Rosnita Sari
P28017016

2. ARTICLES :
AICP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct
--APA (American Planners Association) -Published in : APA, Adopted March 19, 2005, Effective June 1, 2005, Revised October 3, 2009
Keywords : Code of Ethics, Planning Profession Principle, Professional Conduct, Code Procedures
http://www.planning.org/aicp/
Green Cities, Growing Cities, Just Cities?
Urban Planning and the Contradictions of Sustainable Development
--Scott Campbell-Published in : Journal of American Planning Association. Summer 1996
Keywords : sustainability, Planner's Triangle, environmental, conflict in planning,
Environmental Ethics and Planning Theory
--Timothy Beatley-Published in : Journal of Planning Literature Vol 4. No 1. Winter 1989,
By Ohio State University Press
Keywords : Environmental ethic, moral obligation, environmental protection, nature life

3. Presentation Outline
1. The Ethics of Profession
2. Ethics Between Priorities
3. Ethics = Moral Obligation

4. AICP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct
APA and AICP ?
APA-- American Planning Association.
-
APA Website :
https://www.planning.org/
An independent, non-profit educational organization that
provides leadership in the development of vital communities /
Planning profession, includes a professional institute for
certification (professional planners, ethics, professional
development, planning education, and the standards of practice)
– AICP (American Institute of Certified Planners)
Founded : On October 1, 1978, unification of the American Institute of
Planners (AIP) and the American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO)
Membership
40,000 national members, and more than 15,000 (nearly 40%) are
certified planners.
William Anderson, FAICP
Present APA President
Board of APA elected by members in each 4 years
:http://www.planning.org/apaataglance/leadership/apaboard.htm
Function :
1. Setting up board policy for the Association and governs its affairs
2. Four-year serving terms

5. APA
Bases :
D.C. is home to the Partnerships, Outreach, and Policy functions,
including Government Affairs and Public Information, as well as
the Professional Development functions of AICP. (Policy and
Managerial activity)
Chicago is home to the Education, Research, Publications,
Website, Conferences, Membership (including AICP
membership), Marketing, Leadership and Component Programs,
as well as Operations (administration, finance, human resources,
and information technology). (Operational activity)
CHICAGO
WASHINGTON, D.C.
American Planning Association
205 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 1200
Chicago, IL 60601
Phone: 312-431-9100
Fax: 312-786-6700
American Planning Association
1030 15th St., NW
Suite 750 West
Washington, DC 20005-1503
Phone: 202-872-0611
Fax: 202-872-0643
APA e-mail : customerservice@planning.org.

6. Presentation Outline
1. The Ethics of Profession
2. Ethics Between Priorities
3. Ethics = Moral Obligation

7. 1/18
W
1. The Ethics of Profession
hy should planners talk about ethics
?
1. Planning involves decisions on public resources
2. Planners interact with the public sector, then operate within
the consent of society (including who will benefit or/and who
will be harmed by their decisions)
3. Public expect planner’s integrity in those decisions
4. Ethics calls on planner’s integrity to evaluate alternatives and
consequences before making those decisions
5. Written ethics codes and the consequences for violating them offer
protection to planners and others (public/clients/employers/
colleagues/….)
“AICP Code”
as an example

8. 2/18
1. The Ethics of Profession
The AICP “Code”
1. Aspirational principles
2. Rules of conduct
3. Procedures

9. 3/18
1. The Ethics of Profession
The AICP “Code”
1. Aspirational principles
Planners’ primary obligation is to serve the public
interest; aware to interrelatedness of decisions, seek
social justice, and independent judgment
Discussion :
1. What is “the public interest” and how to determine it ?
2. How to differentiate the scale of “public” from multi-fragmentation of
Urban stakeholders (social justice) ?
3. In order to uphold “integrity” in decisions (independent judgment),
how to recognize the boundaries of “neutral” of planning profession,
while planning is a product/toll of a sector in achieving its goals ?
4. Are “aspirational principles” binding all planners?…YES/NO – WHY?

10. 4/18
The AICP “Code”
1. The Ethics of Profession
2. Rules of conduct
Composed into 25 rules
Ex:
1. We shall not deliberately or with reckless indifference fail to provide adequate,
timely, clear and accurate information on planning issues.
8. We shall not, as public officials or employees, engage in private communications
with planning process participants if the discussions relate to a matter over which
we have authority to make a binding, final determination if such private
communications are prohibited by law or by agency rules, procedures, or custom
9. We shall not engage in private discussions with decision makers in the planning
process in any manner prohibited by law or by agency rules, procedures, or
custom…………….etc
Discussion :
How do you determine what is “reckless”?
How do you determine what a “custom” is?....”Subjective”

11. 5/18
1. The Ethics of Profession
The AICP “Code”
3. Procedures
8 Steps of Code Procedures : Informal / Formal advice (from
Ethics Officer of AICP Ethics Committee), Published Formal
Advisory Rulings, Filing a Charge of Misconduct,
Investigation, Hearing, Settlement, and Annual report
Discussion :
1. How objective “Informal / Formal ethics advices”
from Ethics Officer of AICP in handling misconduct
that sometime require practical efforts instead of
theory normative in planning ?

12. 6/18
2. Ethics Between Priorities
Green Cities, Growing Cities, Just Cities?
Urban Planning and the Contradictions of Sustainable
Development
--Scott Campbell-Associate Professor of Urban and Regional Planning
Coordinator of Doctoral Studies in Urban and
Regional Planning
at the University of Michigan Taubman
sdcamp@umich.edu
•www-personal.umich.edu/~sdcamp/
Co-editor of Readings in Urban Theory series, The Rise of the Gunbelt: The Military
Remapping of Industrial America. His writing on sustainable development won a National
Planning Award from the American Planning Association. Keynote speaker at "Future of
Metropolis" in Vienna, Austria.
Campbell has a Ph.D. and Master of city planning from the University of California,
Berkeley and a B.A.S. from Stanford University.

13. 7/18
2. Ethics Between Priorities
How are we going
to get into “sustainable”
What are the negative
consequences?
https://www.google.com.tw/search?q=sustainable+devel
opment&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=DDlfUrWeLY
WllAXFrYHoBQ&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1092&bih=499
#facrc=_&imgdii=5tecLuqv4sZzkM%3A%3BxFbWNzn8qNu
CRM%3B5tecLuqv4sZzkM%3A&imgrc=5tecLuqv4sZzkM%3
A%3BDUdIV1KccS1noM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww
.lynascorp.com%252FSiteCollectionImages%252FSustaina
ble_Development.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.ly
nascorp.com%252FPages%252Fzero-harm-andsustainable-development.aspx%3B465%3B421

14. 8/18
2. Ethics Between Priorities
The cost of city
development IS
natural resources !
sustainable development : long-term goal of a balanced

15. 9/18
2. Ethics Between Priorities
Campbell’s triangle of conflicting goals for planning
Capital vs labor
Man vs nature
X1
X3
X2
No point can exist alone. The nature of the three axial conflicts is mutual
dependence based not only on opposition, but also on collaboration

16. 10/18
2. Ethics Between Priorities
The cost of city development IS natural resource !
Just city
Planner
Growing Cities
Green Cities

17. 11/18
2. Ethics Between Priorities
Does “sustainability” important?
•
•
•
•
What is sustainability--actions or goal ?
Is sustainability important in planning ?
What corner of development should “a planner” stand on ?
How is planner’s ethics in responding sustainability idea ?

18. 12/18
2. Ethics Between Priorities
Chance of new roles and ethics ?
• Planner becomes “negotiator” between conflict of interests
• Neutral “moderator”
• Act as “translator but not translation” (Understand
Linguistic Differences)
• Combine negotiation skills of planner and substantive vision
• Skillful in any kind of communication and aspect
• Avoid binary vote, to arrange procedure of decision making

19. 13/18
3. Ethics = Moral Obligation
Environmental Ethics and Planning
Theory
--Timothy Beatley-The Teresa Heinz Professor of Sustainable Communities, in
the Department of Urban and Environmental Planning,
School of Architecture at the University of Virginia.
Focuses on : Sustainable communities, and creative
strategies by which cities and towns can fundamentally
reduce their ecological footprints.
Author or co-author of : Ethical Land Use, Green Urbanism: Learning from European Cities (recently
translated into Chinese), Habitat Conservation Planning, Native to Nowhere: Sustaining Home and
Community in a Global Age, Planning for Coastal Resilience.
Co-authored of : Resilient Cities and Green Urbanism Down Under: Learning From Sustainable Australian
Communities.
PhD in City and Regional Planning from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
MA in Political Science from UNC, a Masters of Urban Planning from the University of Oregon
Bachelors of City Planning from UVA.

20. 14/18
1. Base upon what ethics criteria of principle should
individual and society make decision about the use
of environment ?
2. What are the acceptable level of environmental
risk or degradation ?
3. Does society have an obligation to protect
individual from risk ?
4. How should conflict between society justice and
environment protection be resolved ?
5. Do we have moral obligation to non-human form
of life ?
6. Do we have environmental obligation to future
generation ?
3. Ethics = Moral Obligation

21. 15/18
3. Ethics = Moral Obligation
Human’s Ethics toward Environmental
Conservation & preservation
Capitalism & profit motive
Market efficiency
Free market
Risk assesment
Non-human life forms right
Environmental obligation
Biocentric perspective
Human right
Cost benefit

22. 16/18
3. Ethics = Moral Obligation
What is the
Environmental Ethics
?
Attitudes or values of an individual
/society towards environment

23. 17/18
3. Ethics = Moral Obligation
Planner
Ethics
1.
2.
3.
Environmental Ethics
Which Codes can lead us to environment ethics?.....
How Binding the code for planner’s decisions to protect environment?.....
Influences from individual background…(culture, religion, education, ect)

24. 18/18
3. Ethics = Moral Obligation
Planner
Ethics
MORAL DILEMMA
Environmental Ethics
Complex assemblage
principles, theories, concepts
“pluralistic approch”

25. XIE XIE NI
Thank You
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