2. Enteritis
(entero+itis) is inflammation of the small
intestine. It is most commonly caused by food or
drink contaminated with pathogenic microbes.
Symptoms include abdominal pain, cramping,
diarrhea, dehydration, and fever.
3. Acute enteritis
Acute enteritis - an acute inflammation of a small
intestine.
Etiology. Frequently arises at many infections
(cholera, typhoid, staphylococcal and virus
infection contaminations, sepsis, etc.), it can
appear especial at alimentary toxinfections
(salmonellosis, a botulism), poisoning (chemical
poisons, toxicant funguses, etc.). It is known
alimentary Acute enteritis (hyperalimentation, the
use of rasping food, spices, strong alcoholic drinks,
etc.) and allergic (an idiosyncrasy to foodstuff,
medicines).
4. Pathological anatomy. The acute enteritis can be
catharal, fibrinous, purulent, ulcerative.
a)In catharal enteritis, which meets most frequently,
the mucous membrane is hyperemic and
edematouse covered by serous, sero-mucous or
serous-purulent exudation. The inflammatory
infiltration involove not only in mucous membrane,
but also submucosal a layer. The dystrophia and a
desquamation of an epithelium are seen, especial on
apexes of villi.
5. b)In fibrinous enteritis, is more often an ileitis, the
mucosa of an intestine is necrotic and penetrated by
fibrinous exudation therefore on a surface of it there
are grey or gray-brown membranes. In dependence
on depth of a necrosis the inflammation can be
crupouse or diphteric.
c)The purulent enteritis is characterized by diffuse
infiltration of walls of an intestine by pus or
formation of pustules, is especial on a place of
lymphoid follicles.
6. d)At ulcerative enteritis destructive processes can
involve basically group and solitary lymphatic
follicles of an intestine, as it is observed in
typhoid. Thus the necrosis and ulceration have
wide-spread (flu, sepsis) or focal character.
Complications of an acute enteritis include a
bleeding, perforation of a wall of an intestine with
development of a peritonitis (for example, at a
typhoid), and also a dehydratation and a
demineralization (for example, at a cholera). In
some cases the acute enteritis can transformate
into chronic.
7. Chronic enteritis:
the chronic inflammation of small intestine.
>It may be haemorragic,necrotic or granulomatus.
a)Haemorrhagic Enteritis
A viral disease of turkeys, similar to pheasant Marble
Spleen disease, caused by Type II Adenovirus distinct
from classical fowl adenovirus and occurring in most
turkey-producing areas. The virulence of the virus
varies but morbidity may be 100% and mortality 10-
60%.
8. Signs
Sudden deaths.
Blood from vent of moribund birds.
Drop in feed and water consumption.
Diarrhoea.
Course 10-21 days.
Post-mortem lesions
Petechiae in various tissues.
Intestine distended with blood.
Spleen mottled and enlarged.
Microscopic - spleen shows lymphoid hyperplasia.
9. b)Necrotic Enteritis
An acute or chronic enterotoxemia seen in chickens,
turkeys and ducks worldwide, caused by Clostridium
perfringens and characterised by a fibrino-necrotic
enteritis, usually of the mid- small intestine.
Mortality may be 5-50%, usually around 10%.
Infection occurs by faecal-oral transmission.
Signs
Depression
Ruffled feathers
10. Inappetance.
Closed eyes.
Immobility.
Dark coloured diarrhoea
Post-mortem lesions
Small intestine (usually middle to distal) thickened
and distended.
Intestinal mucosa with diptheritic membrane.
Intestinal contents may be dark brown with
necrotic material
11. c)Granulomatous enteritis
·
Cause : form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
similar to Chron's disease in humans. Malabsorptive
and maldigestive condition most commonly affecting
the small intestine, although the large intestine can be
affected in advanced cases
although Mycobacterium avium has been implicated
in a few cases and familial predisposition is suspected
in horses .
12. •· Signs : insidious or rapid weight loss, poor
condition, lethargy, dependent edema, +/-
diarrhea, intermittent colic (Abdomen: pain –
adult) and alopecia. Demeanor can remain bright
with good appetite or anorexia may be reported.
