Giros Copernicanos

"
Serie: Libros Nº3 Junio 1999

Apuntes sobre las políticas exteriores argentinas.
Los giros copernicanos y sus tendencias profundas
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Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales

Apuntes sobre las políticas exteriores argentinas. Los giros copernicanos y sus tendencias profundas - 3

Introducción 5
1. Las etapas de la política exterior argentina 6"

1. La formación de un modo de inserción (1810-1862) 9
1.1. La pre-política exterior argentina (1810-1829) 10"
1.2. La proto-política exterior argentina (1829-1862) 13"

2. El modelo clásico de inserción (1862-1916) 19
2.1. Los inicios del modelo (1862 y 1880) 19"
2.2. El modelo clásico (1880-1916) 21"

3. Los atisbos autonomistas (1916-1930) 27
3.1. El krausismo y la política exterior (1916-1922) 27"
3.2. El privilegio de la inserción (1922-1928) 30"
3.3. El retorno del krausimo y el autonomismo difuso (1928-1930) 31"

4. El bilateralismo profundizado: la opción por la inserción ante
los cambios de poder mundial (1930-1946) 34

4. El bilateralismo profundizado: la opción por la inserción ante
los cambios de poder mundial (1930-1946) 35

5. Desafíos y desventuras de la autonomía:
la Tercera Posición (1945-1955) 41
5.1. La Tercera Posición y los desafíos de la autonomía 42"
5.2. Las desventuras de la Tercera Posición 45"

6. La política exterior en los tiempos de gobiernos débiles (1955-1966) 48

6. La política exterior en los tiempos de gobiernos débiles (1955-1966) 49
6.1. Golpe de Estado y de dirección (1955-1958) 49"
6.2. Inserción y desarrollo: el gobierno de Frondizi (1958-1962) 51"
6.3. El primer alineamiento automático (1962-1963) 55"
6.4. Krausismo y problemática norte-sur (1963-1966) 56"

7. La política exterior frente al alineamiento,
el aggiornamiento y el autismo (1966-1983) 61
7.1. Del alineamiento al fin de las barreras ideológicas (1966-1973) 61"
7.2. El aggiornamiento de la Tercera Posición (1973-1976) 64"
7.3. Más occidentales que occidente: la política autista del Proceso (1976-1983) 66"

4 - Alejandro Simonoff

8. Un equilibrio entre la autonomía y la inserción: la política exterior de
Alfonsín (1983-1989) 71
8.1. Los problemas de la paz, el desarme y la vigencia de los derechos humanos.72"
8.2. Una política exterior independiente 73"
8.3. Un orden económico internacional más justo 77"

9. La inserción excluyente: la política exterior de Menem (1989-1997) 79
9.1. La política erótica: relaciones carnales y estrategia de seducción 80"

Los dilemas de la política exterior argentina 91
"
¿Tienen una respuesta los dilemas? 97"

BIBLIOGRAFIA 103


Introducción
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1 Cita de Anabella Busso realizada por:
- BOLOGNA, Alfredo Bruno. Dos modelos de inserción de Argentina en el mundo: las presidencias de Alfonsín y
Menem. Rosario, CERIR, Serie 3 Nø2, Diciembre 1991, 74.


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1. Las etapas de la política exterior argentina
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2 CAPUTO, Dante. "Discurso de... en la Peña El Ombú" Buenos Aires, 28 de Marzo de 1984, aparecido en la cita
numero 15 de: MIRANDA, Roberto. El análisis de la política exterior desde las perspectivas de las relaciones
internacionales. Rosario, CERIR, Serie 3 Nø1, Diciembre de 1988.

3 ESCUDE, Carlos. El realismo periférico. Fundamento para la nueva política exterior argentina. Buenos Aires,
Planeta, 1992.

4 PUIG, Juan Carlos (Comp.). América Latina: políticas exteriores comparadas. Buenos Aires, GEL, 1984, I, 73.

5 PUIG, J.C. América Latina: política exteriores..., I, 73.


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10 Aunque con diferencias tomamos esta caracterización realizada por el Dr. Edgardo Paltrinieri en su Cátedra
de "Política Exterior Argentina" en la carrera de Ciencias Políticas de la UCALP.


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fcf<"$nc"vgtegtc"rqukekôp$."fgdkfq"c"swg"guvc"rqnîvkec"hwg"oqfgnq"rctc"nqu"iqdkgtpqu"fgoq/
etâvkequ"rquvgtkqtgu"eqp"uwu"rctvkewnctkfcfgu."q"rqt"nq"ogpqu"jcuvc"Ogpgo0"
Nc"ecîfc"fg"Rgtôp"igpgtô"wpc"pwgxc"ukvwcekôp"fg"fgdknkfcf"kpuvkvwekqpcn""/"eqoq"gp"nqu"còqu"
vtgkpvc"/"swg"pq"rgtokvkô"c"pwguvtq"rcîu"vgpgt"pk"wpc"eqpuvcpvg"pk"wpc"eqjgtgpvg"rqnîvkec"rctc"
tgxgtvkt"nc"ukvwcekôp0"Wvknk|cpfq"nc"ectcevgtk|cekôp"fg"Ecxctq||k"jgoqu"eqorwguvq"gn"ecrîvw/
nq"ukiwkgpvg"eqoq"gn"fg"nqu"iqdkgtpqu"fêdkngu."vcpvq"ekxkngu"eqoq"oknkvctgu"*3;77/3;88+0"Gn"
rquvgtkqt" guvâ" octecfq" rqt" hwgtvgu" quekncekqpgu" gpvtg" gn" cnkpgcokgpvq." nc" vgtegtc" rqukekôp"
ciikqtpcfc"{"wp"cnkpgcokgpvq"cnkgpcfq"swg"pqu"nngxô"cn"ckuncokgpvq"*3;88/3;:5+0""
Nqu"eqpuvcpvgu"ecodkqu"gp"pwguvtc"rqnîvkec"gzvgtkqt"rqt"nqu"ecodkqu"fg"iqdkgtpqu"g"kpenwuq"
fgpvtq" fg" ecfc" wpq" fg" gnnqu." nngxctqp" cn" rcîu" c" wpc" gttâvkec" ukvwcekôp" kpvgtpcekqpcn." {" eqp"
ecfc"wpq"fg"gnnqu"kdc"rgtfkgpfq"uw"rqukekôp"{"ncu"qrqtvwpkfcfgu"swg"gn"owpfq"qhtgeîc0"
Nc"iwgttc"fg"Ocnxkpcu"gu"gn"rwpvq"vgtokpcn"fg"guvc"etkuku"fg"kpugtekôp"fgn"rcîu"swg"rwuq"fg"
ocpkhkguvq"uw"fgdknkfcf"gp"gn"owpfq."nc"gswkxqecfc"kocigp"swg"vgpîcoqu"fg"pquqvtqu"oku/
oqu="{"vcodkêp"ukipkhkeô"gn"cnglcokgpvq"fgn"rqfgt"fg"nqu"oknkvctgu"{"vtcu"ên."nc"rqukdknkfcf"fg"
eqplwict"wp"ukuvgoc"rqnîvkeq"guvcdng0"
Fgufg"nc"kpuvcwtcekôp"fg"nc"fgoqetcekc"gp"nc"Ctigpvkpc."êuvc"vwxq"{"vkgpg"wp"fguchîq"korqt/
vcpvîukoq"fgpvtq"fg"nc"rqnîvkec"gzvgtkqt"fg"nc"Pcekôp"swg"gu"nc"eqodkpcekôp"fg"nc"tgkpugtekôp"
fg"nc"Ctigpvkpc"gp"gn"Owpfq"eqp"nc"dûuswgfc"fg"wp"octeq"cwvqpôokeq"rctc"uw"rtqrkc"fgu/
kpugtekôp0"Guvg"fguchîq"gu"vtcvcfq"gp"nqu"fqu"ecrîvwnqu"fqpfg"ug"fgvcnncp"ncu"ceekqpgu"fg"nqu"
iqdkgtpqu"fg"Cnhqpuîp"{"Ogpgo0"
Cjqtc."vtcu"guvcu"gzrnkecekqpgu"rtgnkokpctgu"gorg|ctgoqu"eqp"gn"nkdtq0"


1. La formación de un modo de inserción (1810-1862)
Fgufg" nc" kpfgrgpfgpekc" tkikô" wp" oqfgnq" geqpôokeq" ukipcfq" rqt" gn" fgvgtkqtq" fgn" qtfgp"
eqnqpkcn"jcuvc"nc"korqukekôp"fg"wp"pwgxq"qtfgp"gp"nqu"còqu"ugugpvc"fgn"ukinq"rcucfq0"
Rqt"gug"oqvkxq"etggoqu"pgeguctkq"jcegt"wpc"dtgxg"fkuitgukôp"cn"tgurgevq0"Gurcòc"pq"rgtok/
vkô"swg"uwu"eqnqpkcu"vwxkgtcp"eqpvcevqu"eqogtekcngu"eqp"qvtcu"ogvtôrqnku"{"fkq"uw"gzenwukxk/
fcf" rctc" nqu" eqogtekcpvgu" gurcòqngu" rgpkpuwnctgu0" Gzkuvîc" wp" tîikfq" ukuvgoc" fg" eqogtekq"
oqpqrônkeq" swg" ug" uwuvgpvcdc" uqdtg" fqu" glgu" *wpq." Oêzkeq/cecvgecu=" {" gn" qvtq." Nkoc/
Rqvquî+"xkpewncpfq"gn"kpitguq"fg"ogtecfgtîcu."nc"gzvtceekôp"fg"ogvânkec"{"nc"ecrkvcn"cfokpku/
vtcvkxc0"Guvcu"ogfkfcu"rtqfwlgtqp"oûnvkrngu"eqphnkevqu"fkrnqoâvkequ"{"dênkequ."gpvtg"Gurcòc"
{"qvtcu"rqvgpekcu."$gp"rctvkewnct"eqp"Kpincvgttc0$33"
Gp"gn"ecuq"fg"Coêtkec"fgn"Uwt"ug"ctvkewnô"uw"geqpqoîc"uqdtg"gn"glg"Nkoc/Rqvquî0"Rctc"Gurc/
òc."Dwgpqu"Cktgu"gtc"wp"rwgtvq"ugeq."gtc"gn"ûnvkoq"rwpvq"fg"uw"korgtkq"cn"uwt"fgn"Cvnâpvkeq."
{c"swg"vqfcu"ncu"ogtecfgtîcu"gpvtcdcp"rqt"Nkoc0"Guvg"ukuvgoc"jceîc"swg"nc"ogtecfgtîc"swg"
nngicdc"c"Dwgpqu"Cktgu"hwgtc"uwocogpvg"equvquc0"
Gn"Korgtkq"rqtvwiwêu"vcodkêp"hqogpvô"gn"eqpvtcdcpfq"rctc"eqogtekct"eqp"nc"rncvc"fg"Rqvq/
uî0" Gzkuvîc" wp" ecokpq" $pcvwtcn$" fg" nc" rncvc"swg" fgugodqecdc" gp" Dwgpqu" Cktgu." gtc" ogpqu"
qpgtquq"{"igpgtcdc"wpc"kpvgpuc"cevkxkfcf"eqogtekcn0"Gp"gn"ukinq"ZXKKK"Dwgpqu"Cktgu"etgekô"
eqp"guvc"cevkxkfcf"geqpôokec"c"wp"tkvoq"hcdwnquq="ug"igpgtô"wpc"rwlc"gpvtg"nqu"eqogtekcp/
vgu"nkogòqu"{"nqu"etkqnnqu"rqtvgòqu."swg"guvcdcp"hwgtc"fgn"ukuvgoc"fg"eqogtekq0"Guvqu"swgtî/
cp"swg"gn"ukuvgoc"ug"hngzkdknk|ctc"/"okgpvtcu"swg"nqu"rtkogtqu"pq"/0"
Eqp" nc" nngicfc" fg" nqu" Dqtdqpgu" ug" rtqfwlgtqp" ecodkqu" korqtvcpvgu." rqtswg" vgpîcp" kfgcu"
oâu"nkdgtcngu"tgurgevq"fg"nc"cfokpkuvtcekôp0"Etgctqp"pwgxqu"xkttgkpcvqu"gp"Coêtkec"fgn"Uwt"
{"ekgtvcu"gzegrekqpgu"cn"tîikfq"ukuvgoc"oqpqrônkeq0"
Gp"gn"octeq"fg"gucu"tghqtocu"ug"etgô"gn"Xkttgkpcvq"fgn"Tîq"fg"nc"Rncvc."{"gn"egpvtq"okpgtq"fg"
Rqvquî"rcuô"c"hqtoct"rctvg"fg"guvc"pwgxc"wpkfcf"cfokpkuvtcvkxc"eqp"ugfg"gp"Dwgpqu"Cktgu"
eqp" nq" ewcn" ngpvcogpvg" fglô" fg" ugt" wp" rwgtvq" ugeq0" Guvg" ecodkq" dgpghkekô" c" nc" geqpqoîc"
nkdgtcn" swg" kpvgpukhkeô" uw" rtqfweekôp" xkpewncfc" cn" icpcfq" ekocttôp<" ewgtqu." ugdq." itcuc."
vcuclq."gve0"
Nc"kpvgtokvgpekc"okuoc"fgn"Guvcfq"pqu"korkfg"jcdnct"fg"wpc"rqnîvkec"gzvgtkqt"gp"guvc"gvcrc0"
Fkuvkpiwkoqu"enctcogpvg"fqu"rctvgu<"wpc"vkgpg"swg"xgt"eqp"nqu"fkhgtgpvgu"guvcfqu"uwtikfqu"
vtcu"nc"fgucrctkekôp"fgn"qtfgp"eqnqpkcn"{"nc"qvtc"eqp"gn"oqfgnq"tqukuvc"/"fqpfg"Dwgpqu"Cktgu"
vgpîc"nc"tgrtgugpvcekôp"gzvgtkqt"fg"ncu"rtqxkpekcu"/"{"nqu"fqu"guvcfqu"uwtikfqu"vtcu"gug"oq/
ogpvq0" Guvc" ukvwcekôp" ug"rtqnqpiô"jcuvc" 3:84" eqp" nc"wpkhkecekôp"fgn" Guvcfq" Pcekqpcn0"Pq"
gzkuvîc"wpc"rqnîvkec"gzvgtkqt="gp"vqfq"ecuq."ug"tgurqpfg"c"guvîownqu"gzvgtkqtgu0"

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
11 KONETZKE, Richard. América Latina. II. La época colonial. México, 1984, 273.


1.1. La pre-política exterior argentina (1810-1829)
Fgufg" 3:32" jcuvc" 3:4;" qdugtxcoqu" enctcogpvg" wpc" gvcrc" swg" vkgpg" xgt" eqp" nqu" kpeqpxg/
pkgpvgu" fg" nc" eqpuvtweekôp" fg" wp" Guvcfq" Pcekôp0" Nc" fgpqokpcoqu" gvcrc" fg" $jgejqu$" fg"
rqnîvkec"gzvgtkqt"q"gvcrc"fg"rtg/rqnîvkec"gzvgtkqt0"
Vtcu"nc"tgxqnwekôp"fg"Oc{q"nqu"eqogtekcpvgu"nqitctqp"gn"eqogtekq"nkdtg0"Fgufg"gn"rwpvq"fg"
xkuvc"rqnîvkeq"gn"rtkpekrcn"qdlgvkxq"gtc"gn"tgeqpqekokgpvq"fg"nc"pwgxc"pcekôp"{"nc"eqortc"fg"
ocvgtkcn"dênkeq"rctc"gphtgpvct"ncu"citgukqpgu"fg"nc"gz"ogvtôrqnk0"Gzkuvg"wp"octecfq"kpvgtêu"
dtkvâpkeq" rqt" eqogtekct" {" nqu" pqtvgcogtkecpqu" ug" kpuvcnctqp" cnnî0" Nqu" rtkogtqu" vgpîcp"oâu"
kpvgtgugu" geqpôokequ=" nqu" ugiwpfqu" swgtîcp" cfgoâu" guvcdngegt" wp" guswgoc" fg" ugiwtkfcf"
jgokuhêtkec."equc"swg"nqu"fktkigpvgu"fg"Dwgpqu"Cktgu"tgwpîcp"/"rgtq"uw"fkogpukôp"eqogtekcn"
gtc"ogpqt"swg"nc"fg"Itcp"Dtgvcòc/"cwpswg"rqnîvkecogpvg"gtcp"korqtvcpvgu"rqt"ugt"wpqu"fg"
nqu"rtkogtqu"vgttkvqtkqu"gp"kpfgrgpfk|ctug0"
Itcp"Dtgvcòc"cngpvô"nc"kpfgrgpfgpekc"fg"ncu"eqnqpkcu"jkurcpcu"*jwdq"wp"kpvgpvq"fg"crqfg/
tctug" fg" gnncu" eqp" ncu" kpxcukqpgu" kpingucu+" rgtq" nc" eqcnkekôp" eqpvtc" Pcrqngôp" {" nwgiq" nc"
Ucpvc"Cnkcp|c"hwgtqp"wpc"nkokvcekôp"korqtvcpvg"swg"nc"qdnkiô"c"vgpgt"wpc"cevkvwf"ecwvc"eqp"
tgurgevq"c"ncu"eqnqpkcu0"Gp"Dwgpqu"Cktgu"jcdîc"wpqu"ewcvtq"okn"eqogtekcpvgu"kpingugu"rctc"
3:32"{"gn"pûogtq"gtc"ecfc"xg|"oc{qt0"
Fgufg"gn"rwpvq"fg"xkuvc"geqpôokeq"nc"guvtwevwtc"fgn"rcîu"ug"uwuvgpvcdc"gp"nc"gzrqtvcekôp"fg"
ewgtqu." ectpgu" ucncfcu" {" ugdq" swg"xkpewncdc" c" nc" Ctigpvkpc" eqp" ncu" geqpqoîcu" guencxkuvcu"
jcuvc" nqu" ecodkqu" rtqfwekfqu" eqp" nc" oqfgtpk|cekôp" rquvgtkqt" c" nc" ecîfc" fg" Tqucu0" Guvg"
rtqeguq"rtqfwlq"wpc"fgecfgpekc"fg"ncu"geqpqoîcu"fgn"kpvgtkqt"gp"hcxqt"fgn"nkvqtcn"gp"fqpfg"
nc"rtkpekrcn"dgpghkekctkc"hwg"Dwgpqu"Cktgu0"
Nc"rqnîvkec"gzvgtkqt"fg"Itcp"Dtgvcòc"eqpukuvîc"gp"eqogtekct"eqp"ncu"eqnqpkcu0"Hgtpu"ugòcnc"
vtgu"gngogpvqu"korqtvcpvgu"gp"gn"fgucttqnnq"fgn"eqogtekq"cpinq"ctigpvkpq<"3+"nc"ecrcekfcf"fg"
eqogtekct"rqt"gn"dclq"equvq"fg"ncu"ogtecfgtîcu="4+"wp"cdwpfcpvg"ecrkvcn"eqogtekcn="{"5+"$nc"
gzrgtkgpekc"{"xkpewncekqpgu"eqogtekcngu$340"Fgufg"gn"rwpvq"fg"xkuvc"rqnîvkeq."Itcp"Dtgvcòc"
dwuecdc"fgucttqnnct"$ncu"tgncekqpgu"eqogtekcngu"dtkvâpkecu"{"nc"fkuokpwekôp"fg"eqortqokuqu"
dtkvâpkequ"gp"Coêtkec"ncvkpc$035"C"guvq"ug"nq"nncoô"rqnîvkec"fg"ogfkcekôp0"
Okgpvtcu"vcpvq"nqu"GGWW"/"swg"gp"3:34"gphtgpvctqp"wpc"iwgttc"octîvkoc"eqp"Itcp"Dtgvcòc"
/."qrvctqp"rqt"wpc"rqnîvkec"fg"ckuncokgpvq"fg"nqu"rtqdngocu"gwtqrgqu"swg"ngu"rgtokvkô"gz/
rcpfktug"uqdtg"gn"gurcekq"pqtvgcogtkecpq"qewrcfq"rqt"Gurcòc"{"uw"uweguqt"Oêzkeq."fwtcpvg"
gn"ukinq"ZKZ0"C"rguct"fg"gnnq."Jctqnf"Rgvgtuqp"fkeg"swg"gn"iqdkgtpq"fg"Ocfkuqp"gpxkô"wp"
gpecticfq"fg"pgiqekqu"{"swg"guvg"jgejq"gtc"wpc"gzegrekôp"{c"swg"$gn"iqdkgtpq"pqtvgcogtk/
ecpq"pwpec"jcdîc"gpxkcfq"cpvgu"wp"tgrtgugpvcpvg"c"wp"Guvcfq"pq"tgeqpqekfq0$36"
Rqt" uw" ncfq." gn" Korgtkq" Rqtvwiwêu" kpvgpvô" c" vtcxêu" fg" nc" Kphcpvc" Ectnqvc" cuwokt" gn" eqpvtqn"
rqnîvkeq" fg" Coêtkec" fgn" Uwt0" Nwgiq" fg" hqtoctug" nc" Rtkogtc" Lwpvc" fg" Iqdkgtpq" gzkuvkgtqp"
kpvgpvqu"rctc"swg"Rqtvwicn"ug"jkekgtc"ectiq"fgn"rcîu"eqp"wpc"oqpctswîc0"

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
12 FERNS, H.S. Gran Bretaña y la Argentina en el siglo XIX. Buenos Aires, Solar-Hachette, 1966, 90.

13 FERNS, H.S. Gran Bretaña y.. , 104.

14 PETERSON, Harold H. La Argentina y los Estados Unidos. I. 1810-1914. Buenos Aires, Hyspamérica, 1984,
33.


Gp"Itcp"Dtgvcòc"gn"ogtecfq"tkig"ncu"tgncekqpgu"rqnîvkecu<"fqpfg"jc{"eqogtekq."jc{"tgncekqpgu"
rqnîvkecu0"Guvg"glgornq"nq"vqoctqp"nqu"rqnîvkequ"ctigpvkpqu"gp"nc"ugiwpfc"okvcf"fgn"ukinq"ZKZ0"
Eqp"Guvcfqu"Wpkfqu"jcdîc"vtgu"rwpvqu"dâukequ<"3+"ocpvgpgt"nc"pgwvtcnkfcf."ugt"korctekcngu"
rgtq"dgpêxqnqu"eqp"nqu"tgdgnfgu="4+"nc"rtgqewrcekôp"eqpuvcpvg"fg"kpxguvkict"uqdtg"gn"vgttgpq"
ncu" eqpfkekqpgu" gzkuvgpvgu" gp" nc" |qpc" uqdtg" nc" ewcn" gn" iqdkgtpq" pqtvgcogtkecpq" ucdîc" ow{"
rqeq."rgtq"nc"dclc"ecnkfcf"fg"nqu"tgrtgugpvcpvgu"swg"Guvcfqu"Wpkfqu"ocpfcdc"vgtokpô"lw/
icpfq"gp"nc"rqnîvkec"nqecn="5+"gzcokpct"nqu"ceqpvgekokgpvqu"c"codqu"ncfqu"fgn"Cvnâpvkeq"swg"
lwuvkhkectcp"wpc"c{wfc"oâu"ghkec|037"
Guvc"rqnîvkec"ug"gpeqpvtô"eqp"ekpeq"kpeqpxgpkgpvgu<"3+"nc"vgogtkfcf"fg"nqu"eqtuctkqu"fg"Dwg/
pqu"Cktgu."rqt"ncu"rcvgpvgu"fg"eqtuq"swg"gpvtgicdcp"nqu"rqtvgòqu="4+"nc"eqpfwevc"kpghkec|"fg"
nqu"cigpvgu"pqtvgcogtkecpqu"gp"Dwgpqu"Cktgu="5+"nqu"guhwgt|qu"htcecucfqu"rctc"nqitct"wpc"
eqortgpukôp"vqvcn"fg"nc"ukvwcekôp"{"igpgtct"wpc"rqnîvkec="6+"nqu"rgfkfqu"fg"tgeqpqekokgpvq"
rqt" ogfkq" fg" tgrtgugpvcpvgu" gp" Ycujkpivqp=" 7+" nc" qrqukekôp" fgn" ugpcfqt" Jgpt{" Enc{" swg"
vtcdô"vqfcu"ncu"kpkekcvkxcu="{"8+"nc"cevkvwf"fg"nc"cnkcp|c"gwtqrgc038"
Gp" 3:39" Rwg{ttgfôp" hktoô" wp" cewgtfq" fg" eqogtekq" swg" gn" rtgukfgpvg" pqtvgcogtkecpq"
Cfcou"xgvô"rqtswg"kornkecdc"gn"tgeqpqekokgpvq"fg"nc"kpfgrgpfgpekc."equc"swg"vqfcxîc"pq"
guvcdc"fkurwguvq"c"jcegt0"Rgtq"uî"ug"gpxkctqp"gpecticfqu"fg"pgiqekqu"swg"ukiwkgtqp"gp"cniw/
pc"ogfkfc"vtcvcpfq"fg"guvcdngegt"wp"nc|q"geqpôokeq"gpvtg"ncu"fqu"pcekqpgu0"
Nqu"rtgukfgpvgu"Oqptqg"{"Cfcou"jcdîcp"tgeqpqekfq"uw"kpvgpekôp"fg"ocpvgpgt"nc"rqnîvkec"fg"
kpxguvkicekôp."pgwvtcnkfcf"{"pq/tgeqpqekokgpvq039"
Jcuvc" 3:42" Itcp" Dtgvcòc" swkuq" vgpgt" wpc" rqnîvkec" fg" ogfkcekôp" rqt" gn" eqortqokuq" eqp"
Gurcòc"{"rqt"gn"qvtq"ncfq."wpc"rqnîvkec"eqogtekcn"eqp"ncu"eqnqpkcu0"Uquvwxq"codcu"tgncekq/
pgu"okgpvtcu"rwfq0"
Nwgiq"fg"guc"hgejc"ug"guvcdngekô"wpc"rwlc"eqp"GGWW"rqt"nc"kphnwgpekc"gp"nc"tgikôp0"Ug"nngiô"
c"ecodkqu"gp"nc"rqnîvkec"dtkvâpkec"swg"cdcpfqpctqp"nc"rqnîvkec"fg"ogfkcekôp"{"egttctqp"ncu"
rwgtvcu"c"swkgpgu"swgtîcp"kpvgtxgpkt"gp"guvqu"eqphnkevqu0"Nc"pwgxc"rqnîvkec"dtkvâpkec"eqpuku/
vkô"gp"pq"$glgtegt"gn"rqfgt"rqnîvkeq"gp"Coêtkec"fgn"Uwtﬁ"rgtq"vcorqeq"›rgtokvkt"swg"qvtcu"
rqvgpekcu"nq"jkekgtcp$3:0"Eqoq"eqpvtcrctvkfc."Guvcfqu"Wpkfqu"ncp|c"nc"Fqevtkpc"Oqptqg"swg"
hwg"dkgp"tgekdkfc"rqt"gn"iqdkgtpq"fg"Dwgpqu"Cktgu0"
Gp"guvg"ugpvkfq."nqu"Guvcfqu"Wpkfqu"ug"xkgtqp"qdnkicfqu"c"tgeqpqegt"c"nqu"iqdkgtpqu"jkurc/
pqcogtkecpqu"$rqt"gn"êzkvq"kppgicdng"fg"nqu"oqxkokgpvqu"kpfgrgpfgpvkuvcu"tgikuvtcfqu"gp"nc"
tgikôp"fgurwêu"fg"3:43"{"rqt"nc"eqornglc"vtcoc"fg"nc"fkrnqocekc"gp"Gwtqrc0$3;"Rgtq"vqfc/
xîc"gp"3:45"gzkuvîc"wpc"hwgtvg"tgukuvgpekc"c"rtqegfgt"cn"tgeqpqekokgpvq042"

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
15 PETERSON, Harold H. La Argentina y.. , I, 47.




19 TULCHIN, Joseph. Argentina Estados Unidos: historia de una desconfianza. Buenos Aires Planeta, 1990, 41.



Okgpvtcu" vcpvq" gp" gn" âtgc" ncvkpqcogtkecpc." Ukoôp" Dônkxct" eqpxqeô" cn" Rtkogt" Eqpitguq"
Ncvkpqcogtkecpq0" Uw" guvtcvgikc" eqpvkpgpvcn" eqpukuvîc" gp" ugiwkt" nqu" rcuqu" fg" nc" Hgfgtcekôp"
Pqtvgcogtkecpc<"wpkt"c"nqu"guvcfqu"jkurcpqu"fg"Coêtkec"{"pq"fkuitgictug"gp"xctkqu"guvcfqu0"
Guvc"eqphgtgpekc"hwg"korqtvcpvg"rqt<"3+"nc"cnkcp|c"gpvtg"nqu"guvcfqu"fg"Coêtkec"jkurcpc="4+"
nc"fgnkokvcekôp"vgttkvqtkcn"*kiwcn"cfokpkuvtcekôp"swg"ewcpfq"gtcp"eqnqpkcu+="5+"nc"uqdgtcpîc"
fg"ecfc"rctvg"eqpvtcvcpvg="{"6+"nc"pq/kpvgtxgpekôp043"
Nqu"ctigpvkpqu"pq"rctvkekrctqp"fg"gnnc."ukgpfq"gn"rtkogt"ukipq"fg"ckuncokgpvq"eqp"tgurgevq"c"
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ekôp"vwxq"vtgu"rwpvqu<"3+"nqu"rtkxkngikqu"eqogtekcngu"c"Itcp"Dtgvcòc"swg"uk"dkgp"pq"nqu"pgeg/
ukvcdc."GGWW"rtgukqpcdc"rctc"swg"pq"gzkuvkgtcp<"gn"rtkpekrcn"rtkxkngikq"gtc"$gn"swg"nqu"uûd/
fkvqu"dtkvâpkequ"swgfcdcp"gzgpvqu"fg"rtguvct"ugtxkekq"oknkvct"qdnkicvqtkq"gp"ncu"hwgt|cu"ct/
ocfcu"ctigpvkpcu$44="4+"nc"tgekrtqekfcf"fg"fgtgejqu"cn"tgeqpqegtug"eqoq"guvcfqu"rctgu="{"5+"
nc"nkdgtvcf"tgnkikquc."swg"hwg"gn"curgevq"oâu"fkuewvkfq."enâwuwnc"fgn"cewgtfq."swg"$qdnkicdc"c"
ncu"rctvgu"c"eqqrgtct"gp"nc"gnkokpcekôp"fgn"vtâhkeq"fg"guencxqu$045"
Guvg"vtcvcfq"hwg"nc"rkgftc"cpiwnct"fg"vqfcu"ncu"tgncekqpgu"cpinq"ctigpvkpcu"gp"gug"ukinq"{"nc"
rtkogtc" okvcf" fgn" ZZ." gpoctecfcu" gp" wpc" ukvwcekôp" fqpfg" Itcp" Dtgvcòc" hwg" nc" rqvgpekc"
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ecrkvcngu"gp"gortgucu"rqt"ceekqpgu"swg"kdcp"c"guvcdngegtug"gp"nc"Ctigpvkpc="ncu"kpxgtukqpgu"
tgcnk|cfcu"rqt"dtkvâpkequ"tgukfgpvgu"gp"nc"Ctigpvkpc"gp"gortgucu"hkpcpekgtcu"q"kpfwuvtkcngu"
fgn"nwict="{"rqt"ûnvkoq"ncu"kpxgtukqpgu"dtkvâpkecu"gp"vîvwnqu"rûdnkequ"ctigpvkpqu046"
Fgpvtq"fg"gnnq"ug"kpugtvc"gn"gortêuvkvq"eqp"nc"Ecuc"Dctkpi"fg"Nqpftgu"swg"htcecuô"rqtswg"uw"
qdlgvkxq"gtc"rcict"c"nqu"cetggfqtgu"fgn"Guvcfq"rqt"ncu"fgwfcu"igpgtcfcu"gp"ncu"iwgttcu"fg"nc"
kpfgrgpfgpekc0"Gzkuvgp"fqu"gzrnkecekqpgu<"$nc"iwgttc"{"nc"fgenkpcekôp"fgn"vtâhkeq"c"vtcxêu"fgn"

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
21 BOESENER, Demetrio. Relaciones internacionales de América Latina. México, Nueva Imagen, 1982, 107.





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ukinq"rcucfq0"
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rqfgt"swg"ug"dwuecdc"gp"nc"tgikôp"fgn"Rncvc0"Guvg"vkgpg"uw"qtkigp"gp"nc"tkxcnkfcf"gpvtg"Gurc/
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fg"Rqtvwicn0"
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1.2. La proto-política exterior argentina (1829-1862)
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nc"Eqphgfgtcekôp"fwtcpvg"nc"êrqec"fg"Tqucu"{"gp"nc"uwdukiwkgpvg"cn"tqukuoq."gzkuvgp"fqu"guvc/
fqu<"gn"fg"Dwgpqu"Cktgu."{"nc"Eqphgfgtcekôp0"Rqt"gug"oqvkxq"nqu"jgoqu"eqpukfgtcfq"lwpvqu0"

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""




1.2.1. La proto-política exterior en la época de Rosas (1829-1852)
Vtcu"nc"ecîfc"fg"Fqttgiq"{"gn"kpvgttgipq"fg"Ncxcnng."gp"3:4;"Tqucu"cuwog"gn"rqfgt0"Xc"c"ugt"
wp" iqdkgtpq" hwgtvg0" Vgpîc" wpc" xkukôp" ukornkuvc" fg" eôoq" ocpglct" nc" equc" rûdnkec." rqt" guq"
swgtîc"nc"uwoc"fgn"rqfgt"rûdnkeq04:"
Fgufg" nq" geqpôokeq." Tqucu" tgrtgugpvcdc" nqu" kpvgtgugu" fgn" eqornglq" icpcfgtq/ucncfgtq/
eqogtekcn<"nqu"kpvgtgugu"fg"guvqu"ugevqtgu"qtkgpvcdcp"uw"rqnîvkec"jcekc"nqu"ogtecfqu"gzvgtkqtgu0"
Gp" nqu" fqu" rtkogtqu" còqu" fg" iqdkgtpq" xc" c" jcegt" wpc" tgrgtewukôp" fg" wpc" etkuku" geqpôokec"
gwtqrgc"swg"ug"uwoc"c"wpc"ugswîc"swg"rtqfwlq"nc"owgtvg"fg"wp"oknnôp"fg"ecdg|cu"fg"icpcfq04;"
Gp"nc"gvcrc"tqukuvc"cpcnk|ctgoqu"nc"kornkecpekc"fgn"Rcevq"Hgfgtcn"gp"guvc"gvcrc."nc"Ng{"fg"
Cfwcpc."nc"qewrcekôp"kpinguc"fg"ncu"kuncu"Ocnxkpcu."nqu"Dnqswgqu"Htcpeêu"{"Cpinq"Htcpeêu"
eqoq"cuî"vcodkêp"nc"rqnîvkec"fg"pq/tgeqpqekokgpvq"fg"nc"kpfgrgpfgpekc"fg"xctkqu"rcîugu"swg"
jcdîcp"hqtocfq"rctvg"fgn"Xkttgkpcvq"fgn"Tîq"fg"nc"Rncvc"*Wtwiwc{."Rctciwc{"{"Dqnkxkc+0"Gu"
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pcekqpgu"hqtocfcu"vtcu"nc"fkuqnwekôp"fgn"xkttgkpcvq0"
Gn"Rcevq"Hgfgtcn"fg"3:53"ug"hqtoc"eqoq"wpc"tgurwguvc"c"nc"Nkic"fgn"Kpvgtkqt"swg"gtc"wpkvc/
tkc0"Gn"igpgtcn"Rc|"fgttqvô"c"nqu"iqdgtpcfqtgu"hgfgtcngu"fgn"kpvgtkqt"{"pwengô"c"nqu"pwgxqu"
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cp"c"Dwgpqu"Cktgu"gn"tgrctvq"fg"nqu"tgewtuqu"fg"nc"Cfwcpc"{"swg"ug"hklctcp"vcucu"rctc"rtqvg/
igt"c"nqu"rtqfwevqu"fgn"rcîu."cfgoâu"fg"nc"crgtvwtc"fg"pwgxqu"rwgtvqu"gp"eqpvtc"fgn"oqpqrq/
nkq"fg"Dwgpqu"Cktgu0"Guvcu"ogfkfcu"fgdknkvcdcp"gn"rqfgt"{"gn"oqfq"fg"kpugtekôp"swg"gn"tq/
ukuoq"jcdîc"rgtlgòcfq0"Rgtq"gp"tgcnkfcf"nq"swg"dwuecdc"gtc"ocpvgpgt"nqu"xîpewnqu"gzvgtpqu"
fg"nc"geqpqoîc"rqtvgòc0"
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Eqp"tgurgevq"c"nc"Cfwcpc."gn"ctiwogpvq"rqt"gn"ewcn"Dwgpqu"Cktgu"ug"jcdîc"jgejq"ectiq"fg"
gnnc"gtc"rqtswg"nc"Rtqxkpekc"rcicdc"ncu"fgwfcu"fg"nc"iwgttcu"fg"nc"kpfgrgpfgpekc"{"ncu"eqpu/
vtcîcu"rqt"nc"iwgttc"eqp"gn"Korgtkq"fgn"Dtcukn."eqoq"cuî"vcodkêp"gn"gortêuvkvq"eqp"nc"ecuc"
Dctkpi"fg"Nqpftgu"cn"fgucrctgegt"gn"Guvcfq"Pcekqpcn"gp"3:490"
Rqt"gn"Rcevq"ug"etgc"wpc"eqokukôp"tgrtgugpvcvkxc"fg"nqu"iqdkgtpqu"nkvqtcngu"swg"vgpîcp"eqoq"
hkp"fgenctct"nc"iwgttc."hktoct"vtcvcfq"fg"rc|."gve0520"Guvg"curgevq"gtc"wpc"gxqnwekôp"jcekc"wpc"
hqtoc"rctc"guvcvcn"rgtq"fg"jgejq"ukiwkô"hwpekqpcpfq"gn"ukuvgoc"fg"fgngicekôp"gp"nc"rtqxkp/
ekc"fg"Dwgpqu"Cktgu0"

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
28 BUSANICHE, José Luis. Juan Manuel de Rosas. Buenos Aires, Theoría, 1983, 56-58.

29 GIBERTI, Horacio. Historia económica de la ganadería argentina. Buenos Aires, Hyspamérica, 1985, 131-
134.

30 BUSANICHE, J. Juan Manuel..., 61.


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ogtkecpqu054"
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fgtq"pq"vgpîcp"rctc"Tqucu"pkpiûp"qdlgvq"gurgekcn0"
Gn" kpekfgpvg" fg" nc" Ngzkpivqp" hwg" ow{" vtcwoâvkeq" rctc" ncu" tgncekqpgu" ctigpvkpq/
pqtvgcogtkecpcu"{c"swg"eqpuvkvw{gtqp"$wp"qduvâewnq"oc{qt"rctc"nqitct"ncu"tgncekqpgu"coku/
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jcekc"Ucpvc"Etw|"nc"fgueqphkcp|c"owvwc"korkfkô"swg"eqpegtvctcp"wp"vtcvcfq"fg"cnkcp|c0"Rqt"
gnnq."c"rtkpekrkqu"fg"3:5:"ncu"hwgt|cu"ctigpvkpcu"kpxcfkgtqp"gn"vgttkvqtkq"dqnkxkcpq"ukp"eqqt/
fkpcekôp"eqp"nqu"ejkngpqu056"

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
31 BUSANICHE, J. Juan Manuel..., 69.


33 TULCHIN, Joseph. Argentina Estados ..., 47.

34 BOESSENER, D. Relaciones..., 141.


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Nc" eqpuvcpvg" kpvgtxgpekôp" ctigpvkpc" gp" nqu" cuwpvqu" wtwiwc{qu" c" ecwuc" fg" uw" pq/
tgeqpqekokgpvq"rqt"rctvg"fg"Tqucu"fg"guc"pcekôp."nngxô"c"wp"etweg"fg"cnkcp|cu"rqnîvkecu"fg"
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c"Tkxgtc0"Guvc"ukvwcekôp"ug"citcxô"ewcpfq"nqu"htcpegugu"ukpvkgtqp"swg"uwu"kpvgtgugu"gp"Oqp/
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Guvc"iwgttc"ekxkn"{"nqu"rtqdngocu"ctcpegnctkqu"eqp"nc"Ctigpvkpc"fkhkewnvcdcp"uw"eqogtekq0"Nc"
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tqukuvc0" Gzkuvg" wpc" rtqvguvc" rqt" rctvg" fgn" gpecticfq" fg" pgiqekqu" icnq" swg" gu" fgueqpqekfq"
eqoq"vcn"{"igpgtc"wp"rtqdngoc"fkrnqoâvkeq0""
Gpvqpegu"qrgtctqp"rctc"hcxqtgegt"c"Tkdgtc"{"rqt"guq."dnqswgctqp"gn"rwgtvq"fg"Dwgpqu"Cktgu"
etgcpfq"wpc"twrvwtc"fg"nc"eqttkgpvg"eqogtekcn"korqtvcpvg0"
Kpincvgttc"cecvc"gn"dnqswgq"rctc"pq"eqphtqpvct"eqp"Htcpekc."rgtq"Guvcfqu"Wpkfqu"nqitô"kp/
itguct"wpqu"vtgkpvc"dctequ"eqpvtc"wpq"fg"nqu"kpingugu"ug"vtcpuhqtoô"gp"wpc"rtgukôp"rqnîvkec"
rctc"nqu"icnqu0"Rqt"gnnq"ug"nqitc"hktoct"gn"vtcvcfq"Ctcpc/Ocemcw"fqpfg"ug"ng"fc"c"Htcpekc"gn"
vtcvq" fg" Pcekôp" oâu" hcxqtgekfc." ug" kpfgopk|ô" c" nqu" ekwfcfcpqu" htcpegugu" swg" ug" jcdîcp"
rgtlwfkecfq"rqt"gn"eqphnkevq"rgtq"pq"ug"qvqtictqp"nqu"fgtgejqu"fkhgtgpekcngu"{"rquvgtkqtogp/
vg"ug"egttô"nc"pcxgicekôp"fg"nqu"tîqu0"
Tqucu" vcorqeq" tgeqpqekô" nc" gzkuvgpekc" fgn" Rctciwc{." equc" swg" ug" rwuq" fg" ocpkhkguvq" cn"
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pcxgicekôp"gzvtcplgtc"{"rncpgô"kpxcfkt"Rctciwc{"eqp"gn"hkp"fg"kpeqtrqtct"cswgn"vgttkvqtkq"c"
nc" Pcekôp" Ctigpvkpc." uqdtg" nc" dcug"fg" swg"êuvg" cpvgtkqtogpvg" jcdîc" hqtocfq" rctvg" fgn" xk/
ttgkpcvq"{"cngicpfq"swg"gn"iqdkgtpq"fg"Dwgpqu"Cktgu"gtc"jgtgfgtq"fg"cswgnnc"cwvqtkfcf0"Ncu"
rqvgpekcu"gwtqrgcu"pq"crtqdcdcp"gn"tgencoq"vgttkvqtkcn"ctigpvkpq"{"ug"pgicdcp"c"cegrvct"swg"
ug"ncu"gzenw{gtc"fgn"ukuvgoc"hnwxkcn00057"
Cniwpqu" etggp" xgt" gp" guvcu" pgicvkxcu" fg" tgeqpqekokgpvq" wpc" kpvgpekôp" fg" hqtvcngekokgpvq"
vgttkvqtkcn0"Gp"tgcnkfcf."nq"swg"uqrgucdc"Tqucu."gtc"nc"kfgc"fg"nc"uwrtgoceîc"rqtvgòc"gp"vqfq"
gn"gurcekq"fgn"cpvkiwq"Xkttgkpcvq."equc"swg"pq"ug"eqttgurqpfg"eqp"nc"tgcnkfcf"{c"swg"owejcu"
gnkvgu"jcdîcp"uwdukuvkfq"ow{"dkgp"ukp"Dwgpqu"Cktgu"pk"Tqucu"{"pq"swgtîcp"swgfct"uwlgvcu"c"
uw"rqfgt0"Gp"hwpekôp"fg"nc"fgdknkfcf"vgttkvqtkcn"jc{"swg"jcegt"pqvct"swg"gn"ûpkeq"fgurqlq"swg"
uwhtkô"nc"Ctigpvkpc"hwg"gp"guvc"êrqec0"
Gp" 3:67" Kpincvgttc" {" Htcpekc" kpvgtxkpkgtqp" eqp" wp" pwgxq" dnqswgq" rqt" gn" rtqdngoc" fg" nqu"
ctcpegngu"swg"pq"jcdîcp"ukfq"oqfkhkecfqu"vtcu"gn"cpvgtkqt"eqphnkevq"eqoq"vcorqeq"nc"ewgu/
vkôp"fg"nc"nkdtg"pcxgicekôp"fg"nqu"tîqu0"Fwtcpvg"guvc"citgukôp."ncu"pcxgu"gzvtcplgtcu"kpitguc/
tqp"gp"gn"ukuvgoc"hnwxkcn"vtcu"tqorgt"ncu"ecfgpcu"gp"nc"Xwgnvc"fg"Qdnkicfq0"Uk"dkgp"vtkwphc/
tqp"fgufg"gn"rwpvq"fg"xkuvc"oknkvct."fgufg"nq"eqogtekcn<"

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
35 TULCHIN, Joseph. Argentina Estados ..., 52.


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rwpvqu"fg"rctvkfc"vcp"ecticfqu"eqoq"jcdîcp"ucnkfq."rwgu"ncu"uqdtgecticu"pq"rwfkgtqp"eqnq/
ect"pcfc058"
Nc" kpvgpekôp" fg" xgfct" gn" kpitguq" gp" nqu"tîqu" gu" wp" kpvgpvq" rqt" ocpvgpgt"gn" oqpqrqnkq"fgn"
rwgtvq"fg"Dwgpqu"Cktgu"gp"fgvtkogpvq"fg"nqu"rwgtvqu"fgn"kpvgtkqt0"Rqt"qvtq"ncfq"eqoq"ugòcnc"
Rwki."guvq"gu"wpc"ugòcn"fg"nq"swg"ug"nncoc"nc"fgrgpfgpekc"tcekqpcnk|cfc"gp"nc"ewcn"ug"cegrvô"
gn"eqogtekq"rgtq"dclq"uwu"rtqrkcu"tgincu0"
Gp"3:6;"ug"hktoc"gn"vtcvcfq"Ctcpc/Uqwvjgtp"rqt"gn"swg"ug"fgxqnxkgtqp"nqu"dctequ"ecrvwtcfqu"
{" nc" kunc" Octvîp" Icteîc" 0" Ug" tgeqpqeg" nc" rqvguvguvcf" fg" nc" Eqphgfgtcekôp" rctc" tgiwnct" gn"
ocpglq"fg"nqu"tîqu"kpvgtkqtgu"eqoq"cuî"vcodkêp."gn"Wtwiwc{0"Cn"còq"ukiwkgpvg."nqu"htcpegugu"
hktoctqp"wp"vtcvcfq."ukgpfq"êuvg."wpq"fg"nqu"vtkwphqu"oâu"pqvcdngu"fg"Tqucu0"
Gn"dnqswgq"vtclq"eqpugewgpekcu"geqpôokecu."{c"swg"Gpvtg"Tîqu"eqogtekô"fktgevcogpvg"eqp"
nc"rqvgpekcu."equc"swg"tgrgtewvkô"gp"uw"geqpqoîc0"Ewcpfq"vgtokpc"gn"dnqswgq"nc"geqpqoîc"
uwhtkô"wpc"tgvtceekôp."ukgpfq"wpq"fg"nqu"oqvkxqu"swg"lwuvkhkectqp"gn"ngxcpvcokgpvq"fg"Wtswk/
|c"eqpvtc"Tqucu0"Rgtq"gp"Dwgpqu"Cktgu<"
Nc"rtqurgtkfcf"eqogtekcn"swg"ukiwkô"cn"vgtokpct"nc"kpvgtxgpekôp"cpinqhtcpeguc"{"nc"chnwgp/
ekc" fg" kpokitcpvgu" swg" ceqorcòô" c" guc" rtqurgtkfcf" eqogtekcn." eqpvtkdw{gtqp" c" etgct" gug"
pwgxq"guvcfq"fg"âpkoq"swg"eqogp|cdc"c"rgpgvtct"gp"vqfc"nc"uqekgfcf"ctigpvkpc059"
Ug" hwg" igpgtcpfq" nc" ukvwcekôp" geqpôokec" pgeguctkc" rctc" rtqfwekt" nqu" ecodkqu" rqnîvkequ"
kpfkurgpucdngu"rctc"fgurnc|ct"nc"geqpqoîc"fgn"ucncfgtq"rqt"qvtc"oâu"oqfgtpc0"

1.2.2. La proto-política exterior de la Confederación Argentina y el Estado de Buenos
Aires (1852-1862)
Gp"guvg"octeq"ug"kpuvcnô"nc"ecîfc"fg"Tqucu0"Gp"wp"rtkogt"oqogpvq."nqu"dtkvâpkequ"nq"fghgp/
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Nc"rqnîvkec"ugiwkfc"rqt"Wtswk|c<"
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ecwfknnqu"fg"nc"Ctigpvkpc"{"gn"okgodtq"oâu"rqfgtquq"fg"nc"encug"oâu"rqfgtquc"fg"nc"Pcekôp"
Ctigpvkpc0"Gn"jgejq"fg"swg"cjqtc"pkpiûp"kpvgtêu"korqtvcpvg"fg"nc"eqowpkfcf"ug"qrwukgtc"cn"
nkdtg"vtâhkeq."c"ncu"kpxgtukqpgu"fg"ecrkvcn"{"c"nc"korqtvcekôp"fg"ocpq"fg"qdtc"gtc"nc"pwgxc"g"
jkuvôtkecogpvg"korqtvcpvg"eqpugewgpekc"fg"nc"ecîfc"fg"Tqucu05:"
Guvg"rtqitcoc"guvcdc"kpugtvq"gp"nc"rtqrkc"Eqpuvkvwekôp"Pcekqpcn."{"eqoq"nq"ugòcnc"Hkictk."
gu" nc" ocpkhguvcekôp" fg" wpc" guvtwevwtc" geqpôokec" fg" rcîu" swg" $jcdîc" ukfq" fgucttqnncfc" gp"

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""




xktvwf"fg"nc"fkxkukôp"kpvgtpcekqpcn"fgn"vtcdclq0$5;"["uw"hqtoc"eqorngogpvctkc."dclq"nc"hôt/
ownc" cndgtfkcpc" vgpîc" eqoq" ogvcu" rctc" nc" rqnîvkec" gzvgtkqt" $cugiwtct" nc" rc|." rtqoqxgt" gn"
eqogtekq."pq"eqortqogvgtug"gp"cnkcp|cu$"swg"ugtîcp"ncu"rcwvcu"rctc"nqu"iqdkgtpqu"ctigpvk/
pqu"fgufg"gpvqpegu620"
Fg"guvc"rqnîvkec"nqu"dtkvâpkequ"ucectqp"têfkvqu."{c"swg<"
000"ug"hktoô"gn"Vtcvcfq"fg"nkdtg"pcxgicekôp."ug"gxkvô"wpc"iwgttc"ekxkn"vqvcn"gpvtg"Dwgpqu"Cktgu"
{"nqu"qvtqu"Guvcfqu"fg"nc"Tgrûdnkec"{"ug"nngiô"c"wp"cewgtfq"uqdtg"gn"rciq"eqorngvq"fgn"go/
rtêuvkvq"fg"3:46."eqp"uwu"kpvgtgugu"cvtcucfqu063"
Wtswk|c" tgxktvkô" nc" fgueqphkcp|c" hktocpfq." cfgoâu" fgn" vtcvcfq" fg" nkdtg" pcxgicekôp" eqp"
Kpincvgttc."qvtqu"ukoknctgu"eqp"Guvcfqu"Wpkfqu"{"Htcpekc0"Vcodkêp"tgeqpqekô"c"Wtwiwc{"{"
Rctciwc{." {" hktoô" wp" cewgtfq" fg" nkdtg" pcxgicekôp" eqp" Dqnkxkc" {" ogfkô" gp" wp" eqphnkevq"
fkrnqoâvkeq" gpvtg" Guvcfqu" Wpkfqu"{" Rctciwc{0" Okgpvtcu" vcpvq." gn" Guvcfq"fg" Dwgpqu" Cktgu"
tgeqpqeg"cn"Rctciwc{"{"nc"nkdtg"pcxgicekôp"fg"nqu"tîqu064"
Rgtq"c"rguct"fg"guvc"xgpvclc"swg"nc"Eqphgfgtcekôp"qhtgeîc."nqu"eqogtekcpvgu"kpingugu"rgpuc/
dcp"swg<"
000" Itcp" Dtgvcòc" fgdîc" cuwokt" wpc" rqnîvkec" fg" crq{q" c" Dwgpqu" Cktgu." eqpvtc" Wtswk|c" {" nc"
Eqphgfgtcekôp0" Rgtq" gn" Hqtgkpi" Qhhkeg" vgpîc" wpc" qrkpkôp" fkhgtgpvg000" ug" tgukuvkô" gp" hqtoc"
fgekfkfc" c" nc" uwiguvkôp" fg" tgeqpqegt" nc" kpfgrgpfgpekc" fg" Dwgpqu" Cktgu" q" fg" cegrvct" ncu"
rtgvgpukqpgu"swg"Dwgpqu"Cktgu"vgpîc"fg"tgrtgugpvct"c"nc"Tgrûdnkec"Ctigpvkpc"gp"nc"eqowpk/
fcf"kpvgtpcekqpcn065"
Nqu"kpingugu"rtqrkekctqp"gn"gpvgpfkokgpvq"gpvtg"Dwgpqu"Cktgu"{"nc"Eqphgfgtcekôp"{"gp"guvg"
ugtkq"eqphnkevq"cwogpvô"eqpukfgtcdngogpvg"uw"kphnwgpekc="fcpfq"qtkigp."lwpvq"cn"rtqeguq"fg"
oqfgtpk|cekôp."cn"kpitguq"fg"nc"Ctigpvkpc"c"nc"guhgtc"fg"kphnwgpekc"dtkvâpkec0"

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
39 FIGARI, Guillermo. Pasado, Presente y Futuro de la política exterior argentina. Buenos Aires, Biblos, 1993,
160.

40 PARADISO, José‚. Debates y trayectoria de la política exterior argentina. Buenos Aires, GEL, 1993, 25.


42 FERRARI, Gustavo. Esquemas de política exterior. Buenos Aires, EUDEBA, 1981, 44-47.



2. El modelo clásico de inserción (1862-1916)
Owejqu"fg"nqu"rtguwrwguvqu"swg"ug"kpkekctqp"gp"ncu"gvcrcu"rtgegfgpvgu"vgtokpctqp"rqt"eqp/
uqnkfctug"gp"guvc"gvcrc."rwpvq"fg"rctvkfc"fg"nc"rqnîvkec"gzvgtkqt"vtcfkekqpcn0"Ug"kpkekc"wp"rtq/
eguq"fg"oqfgtpk|cekôp"fqpfg"ug"rtqfwegp"ecodkqu"gp"nc"guvtwevwtc"rtqfwevkxc"vgpfkgpvgu"c"
dwuect"wpc"kpugtekôp"gp"gn"ogtecfq"owpfkcn0"Gn"rcîu"gpvtc"gp"nc"fkxkukôp"kpvgtpcekqpcn"fgn"
vtcdclq"cuwokgpfq"gn"tqn"fg"rtqxggfqt"fg"ocvgtkcu"rtkocu"rctc"ncu"pcekqpgu"kpfwuvtkcnk|cfcu."
hwpfcogpvcnogpvg"Kpincvgttc0"
Fgufg"gn"âodkvq"fg"ncu"tgncekqpgu"kpvgtpcekqpcngu."Ctigpvkpc"eqrkc"gn"oqfgnq"fg"ogtecfqu"{"
rqnîvkec"gzvgtkqt"kpinêu"swg"nc"xgtvgdtc"vqfqu"nqu"qvtqu"rtguwrwguvqu"{"ng"fc"tcekqpcnkfcf"c"nc"
rqnîvkec"gzvgtkqt0"

2.1. Los inicios del modelo (1862 y 1880)
Uk" dkgp"Itcp"Dtgvcòc" vqfcxîc" pq" gtc"wpq" fg" nqu"rtkpekrcngu" eqortcfqtgu" fg" pwguvtqu"rtq/
fwevqu"gp"guvg"rgtîqfq."uî"nq"gu"gp"ewcpvq"c"ncu"kpxgtukqpgu"{"eqoq"rtqxggfqt."cevkxkfcfgu"
swg"eqpuqnkfctqp"uw"rtgugpekc"gp"gn"rcîu0"
Vqfcxîc"pq"ug"jcdîc"rtqfwekfq"gn"itcp"ecodkq"uk"dkgp"gu"ekgtvq"swg"gn"icpcfq"ncpct"/"rtq/
fwevq"rtgfqokpcpvg"gp"nc"êrqec"/"ugpvô"ncu"dcugu"rctc"nc"oqfgtpk|cekôp"ukiwkgpvg0"Gp"gug"
rgtîqfq."rqt"glgornq"gpvtg"3:97"{"gn"9;"$ncu"gzrqtvcekqpgu"ctigpvkpcu"cûp"guvcdcp"eqpuvk/
vwîfcu"hwpfcogpvcnogpvg"rqt"ncpcu."ewgtqu"{"ectpg"ucncfc0$66"Guvc"ukvwcekôp"gu"ukipkhkecvkxc"
fgn"guvcfq"fg"vtcpukekôp"fg"nc"geqpqoîc"ctigpvkpc"{c"swg"eqpxkxkgtqp"gngogpvqu"fgn"xkglq"
qtfgp"ucncfgtkn"{"fgn"pwgxq"gp"uwu"gzrqtvcekqpgu0"
Eqp"tgurgevq"c"nqu"Guvcfqu"Wpkfqu"vwxkgtqp"eqoq"kpeqpxgpkgpvg<"
Nc"cwugpekc"fg"wp"ogfkq"fg"eqowpkecekôp"octîvkoq"fktgevq"{"gn"fcòq"c"nqu"kpvgtgugu"ocvg/
tkcngu"{"cn"qtiwnnq"pcekqpcn"ctigpvkpq."c"vtcxêu"fg"wpc"ngikuncekôp"rtqvgeekqpkuvc="tgrtgugpvc/
tqp"itkgvcu"gp"nc"tgncekôp"gpvtg"nqu"fqu"rcîugu067"
Uk"dkgp"êuvc"gu"nc"vgpfgpekc"rtgfqokpcpvg"gp"guvg"rgtîqfq."gzkuvgp"kpvgpvqu"fg"cegtecokgpvqu"
eqogtekcngu."eqoq"vtcu"nc"etkuku"fg"3:88."fqpfg"nqu"ctigpvkpqu"dwuectqp"cn"ogtecfq"pqtvgc/
ogtkecpq"eqoq"qrekôp"cpvg"gn"ekgttg"fg"nqu"ogtecfqu"gwtqrgqu."rgtq"hwgtqp"tgejc|cfqu"rqt"
ogfkfcu"rtqvgeekqpkuvcu068"
Gp"tgcnkfcf"nc"qrqukekôp"c"Guvcfqu"Wpkfqu"vqoô"hwgt|c"ewcpfq"ug"rtqfwlgtqp"ncu"Eqphgtgpekcu"
rcpcogtkecpcu"c"hkpgu"fg"nqu"ﬂ:2"fgn"ukinq"rcucfq."{c"swg"guvc"cevkvwf"vqoô"ewgtrq"rqnîvkeq0"

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
44 DIAZ ALEJANDRO, Carlos F. "La economía argentina durante el período 1880-1913" (En: FERRARI, Gus-
tavo y GALLO, Ezequiel (Comp.) La Argentina del ochenta al centenario. Buenos Aires, Sudamericana, 1980),
371.

45 TULCHIN, Joseph. La Argentina y los Estados Unidos. Historia de una desconfianza. Buenos Aires, Planeta,
1990, 57.

46 PANETTIERI, José. La crisis ganadera. Ideas en torno a un cambio en la estructura económica y social del
país (1866-1871). La Plata, UNLP, 1965.


Nc"gzrtgukôp"fgn"ckuncokgpvq"ug"fc"eqp"nc"rtgukfgpekc"fg"Okvtg"ewcpfq"ug"pgiô"c"rctvkekrct"
fgn"Eqpitguq"fg"Nkoc"eqp"oqvkxq"fg"nc"citgukôp"gurcòqnc"c"nc"kuncu"Ejkpejcu0"Guvc"pgicvk/
xc."eqoq"{c"jcdîc"qewttkfq"eqp"nc"hktoc"fgn"Vtcvcfq"eqpvkpgpvcn"gp"3:78."octec"nc"vgpfgp/
ekc"c"pq"vgpgt"nc|qu"rqnîvkequ."eqpukfgtcfqu"$ctvkhkekcngu$"{"rtkxkngikc"nqu"eqogtekcngu"q"$pc/
vwtcngu$."{c"swg"uônq"gn"rtqitguq"hwg"nc"oglqt"ctoc"rctc"gphtgpvct"ncu"citgukqpgu0"
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000" nc" rqnîvkec" fg" wpkôp" jkurcpqcogtkecpc." rtqoqxkfc" rqt" nqu" rcîugu" fgn" Rceîhkeq." kpenwuq"
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nc"kpvgtxgpekôp"ctigpvkpc"gp"nqu"cuwpvqu"fgn"Rceîhkeq="kornkec"uqdtg"vqfq"wp"gphtgpvcokgpvq"
eqp"Ejkng069"
Wp" fcvq" swg" pqu" nncoô" nc" cvgpekôp" gu" swg" gn" fkuewtuq" uqdtg" nc" rqnîvkec" {" nqu" ogtecfqu" gu"
wvknk|cfq"ukgortg"eqp"tgncekôp"cn"tgejc|q"rqt"guvcdngegt"cnkcp|cu"rgtocpgpvgu"eqp"Coêtkec"
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"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
47 FERRARI, Gustavo. Esquemas de política exterior argentina. Buenos Aires.
EUDEBA, 1981, 47-48.

48 FERRARI, Gustavo. Esquemas..., 51.

49 PARADISO, José. Debates y trayectoria de la política exterior argentina. Buenos Aires, GEL, 1993, 29.

50 FIGARI, Guillermo. Pasado, Presente y Futuro de la política exterior argentina. Buenos Aires, Biblos, 1993,
121.

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