Egypt was home to several ancient civilizations from 3100 BC to 332 BC. The geography of Egypt centered around the Nile River, which provided fertile land for agriculture. Egyptian society was stratified, with pharaohs at the top ruling through governors and civil servants. Religion was central to Egyptian life, with many gods and grand temples and pyramids constructed in their honor. The Egyptians also had strong beliefs about preserving bodies and providing for the afterlife.

1. Egypt
By Cristina Rueda, Raúl Moral, Juan Martín
and Marina Sanz.
From 3100 BC to 332 BC.

2. Egypt 3100 BC - 332 BC
Old Kingdom
Middle
Kingdom
New Kingdom Late Period
Invasions
Invasions
Invasions
Capital:
Memphis.
Pyramids: Khufu,
Khafre, Menkaura.
Capital: Thebes.
Wars and
invasions.
Capitals: Thebes and Tell-el-
Amarna.
Ramses II expands territory.
Akhenaton proclaims monotheism.
End of Egyptian unification.
Egypt becomes a
persian province.
Conquests of
Alexander the
Great.
Egypt became a
Roman province
Stability and prosperity.

3. Geographical Zone
Egypt is a large desert with the Nile
river running through it. Egypt is in
the north of Africa and in the north is
located the mediterranean sea and in
the eastern is located the read sea.
Egypt has two legions: Lower Egypt
and Upper Egypt. The egyptians
build dikes around the Nile to irrigate
crops. They became an important
civilisation.

4. Economy
The level of the Nile rises every June
flooding the river banks.In October, the
water level decreases,allowing the
surrouning land to cultivated.
The egyptians built dikes and canals to
irrigate crops.
Egypt became an important agrarian
civilisation.

5. Social Groups
Pharaohs: Privileged Class: Common people:
Absolute power. - High officials: A lot of land - Peasants: work the land,
and very wealth. help to built pyramids
and
- Priests: Religious rites and temples without any
controlled the land around compensation.
the temple. - Traders:
- Scribes: Calculated - Craftsmen: work in
taxes and transcribed textiles, metals and
pharaoh`s orders. carpentry.
- Soldiers: Slaves:
Protect the city. Heaviest tasks.

6. Political organisation
The pharaoh is the most
important person in Egypt. He had
the absolute power. Pharaoh
used governors and civil servants
to help them govern.
pharaoh
governors and
civil servants
others

7. Everyday life in Egypt
Most people were peasants who lived
in small villages on the banks of the
river Nile.
They lived in simple houses.
Wealthy people had residences made
of stone and brick, surrounded by high
walls.
The city was where the pharaoh and the
nobles lived.

8. Clothes
People in Egypt was Cloth with very simple dresses.
-Pharaoh dress: sandals, and mantles decorated with many
joyes.
-Privileged people dress:
Jewels, diamonds and pectorals.
waist. Men: A little flap.
-Normal persons:
Women: One robe.

9. Food
Most people in ancient Egypt had a very simple diet.
-Beer
-Bread
-Fish
-Lentils
-Peas
-Fruit.
The wealthy had much more varied diets that included poultry, meat
and vegetables.

10. Art
In Egypt the art was: painting,
sculpture and architecture.
The art in Egypt started around
the river Nile. Between the years
3000 B.C. to 100 A.D. The painting
and sculpture were very symbolic.
Bust of
Nefertiti

11. Architecture
In Egypt buildings was made of stone. And it
was decorated with sculpture, engravings and
paintings.
Most important buildings
was the temples, that all
of them had the same
structure.

12. Religion
Egyptians was polytheists, it say that they
believe in many gods.
Gods like: RA, Seth, Horus… And others.
In Egypt they engaged very monuments for the
gods and for the pharaoh. And for the gods,
Also they give them most
of the power.

13. Gods / Goddess
The most important gods in egypt were:
. RA - The sun god.
. Osiris - The god of the dead.
. Seth - The god of darkness.
. Horus - The god of the war.
. Isis - The goddess of fertility.
. Anubis - The god of underworld.
. Thot - The god of wisdom.

14. Temples
Egyptians practised Polytheism.
One of the most important
buildings was the temple. All the
temples has a similar structure.
All of the temple has a patio, a
sanctuary…. They has a lot of
pillars and a lot of decorations
with in the temple and out them .
The temples are very big.

15. Pyramids
The pyramids are a very big
buildings. The first Egyptians
tombs were called mastabas.
They were simple low
rectangular buildings. Then the
mastabas developed into
pyramids. The pyramids has a
funerary chamber or tombstones.
In the pyramids were buried the
dead.

16. Tombs- Believed in the life after death.
- Dead bodies become mommies.
- Kept in a sarcophagus.
- Buried in tombs.
- Around the sarcophagus, they put everything that
the dead will need in the afterlife.
- The first Egyptian tombs were called mastabas.
- Only pharaohs and the wealthiest nobles had large tombs.

17. The afterlife
The Egyptian religion promised life after
death. The Egyptians believed that after
dying, the Ka (soul) passed into the afterlife.
-Before passing into the afterlife, the dead
presented themselves for the Judgment of
Osiris.
The Egyptians believed that the paintings
and statues came to life in the afterlife.