How the world works

2. 4TH UNIT OF INQUIRY:
HOW THE WORLD WORKS

3. What is matter?
• Matter is anything that has mass and
occupies space.
• Matter is everywhere.
• Anything we can see, touch, taste or smell
is matter.
• Everything on our planet and in the
Universe is made of matter.
• Even you are made up of matter.

4. Describing matter
• We can identify and describe matter using
its physical properties.
• Size (big or small)
• Shape (regular or irregular)
• Colour (blue, red…)
• Texture (rough, smooth, soft, hard)

5. • We can also measure:
• Length (metres)
a tape measure
• Volume (litres)
a measuring jug
• Mass (grammes and kilogrammes)
a scale

6. The three states of matter
• Solid: solids have a definite shape and volume, if we
put them in a container the shape does not change.
• Liquid: liquids have a definite volumen but do not have
a definite shape, they take the shape of the container.
• Gas: gases do not have a definite shape and they do
not have a definite volumen either. They take the shape
of the container they are in and fill it.

8. Physical changes of matter
• Change of state: We can chage the state of wáter
form solid to liquid, from liquid to gas by heating it.
• Change of shape: We can bend, twist, press and
stretch plasticie and the plasticine stays in the new
shape. We can stretch a rubber band and it will go back
to its shape when we let go.

9. Materials
• Materials are made up of matter.
• We use materials to make things.
Plastic
Wood
Glass
Paper
Metal
Fabric

10. Natural and man-made
materials
• Natural materials: we find natural materials in
nature. We obtain them form living and non-living things.
• Man-made materials: when we trasnform a
natural material into another material, we make man-
made materials.

11. Properties of Materials

12. Mixtures
• A mixture is something that contains two
or more different materials.
• In some mixtures we see the different
materials.
• In others is imposible to see the different
materials.

13. Separating materials in a
mixture

14. Energy
• Energy is the ability to do work or produce
a change.
• Thermal energy is in anything that is hot.
• Light energy
• Electrical energy
• Sound energy is in things that make noise
• Kinetic energy is in things that move

15. Machines
• A machine is something we use to make
work easier.
• We can classify machines as SIMPLE
MACHINES and COMPLEX MACHINES.
• When we put simple machines together
we make a complex machine.
• All machines use energy.

16. Simple machines
Simple machines
have few or no
moving parts.

17. An incline plane
• Helps moving objects up and down
different levels.

18. A screw
• Helps holding things together.

19. A pulley
• Helps lifting and lowering heavy objects.

20. A wedge
• Helps cutting objects

21. A wheel and axle
• Helps moving objects from one place to
another.

22. A lever
• Helps lifting objects

23. Complex machines
• We can put simple machines together to
make complex machines.

24. • Natural Science ByMe
• Ediciones Bilingües S.L.
• MACMILLAN EDELVIVES
• Primary 3 Activity Book