1. Aaleqsandre Sengelaia iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti zegamtarobis saocari samyaro 3.04.2009

3. eleqtruli deni  V I A v d q v d  t

5. Kamerlingh Onnes, 1911 metalebis winaRoba dabal temperaturebze Teoriuli modelebi:

6. ra aris temperatura ? civi neli atomebi cxeli : swrafi atomebi

8. temperaturuli Skala kelvinebSi 0 K ( absoluturi nuli ) 295 K ( oTaxis temperatura ) 273 K ( wylis gayinva ) 184 K ( yvelaze dabali temperatura antarqtikaSi ). 77 K ( Txevadi azoti ) 2.7 K ( kosmosis temperatura ) 255 K ( Zalian civi amindi )

9. Absolute Zero must mean “stopped” slide 1 … da “civi” niSnavs nels Tu “cxeli” niSnavs swrafs absoluturi nuli unda niSnavdes uZravs . Termodinamikis kanonebis Tanaxmad absoluturi nulis miRweva SeuZlebelia, magram SeiZleba usasrulod mivuaxlovdeT mas. amJamad dabali temperaturis rekordia 10 -10 K anu 0.1 nanokelvini !

10. ramodenime tipiuri temperatura temperatura Celsius ( º C) Absolute (K) tropikebi adamiani oTaxis temperatura yinulis wertili antarqtikis zamTari myari CO 2 Txevadi Jangbadi Txevadi azoti Txevadi heliumi absoluturi nuli 45 37 20 0 - 50 - 78 - 183 - 196 - 269 - 273 318 310 293 273 223 195 90 77 4 0

11. Cveulebrivi macivari siTxe (freoni) moZraobs sistemaSi. kompresori amoZravebs siTxes kondensoris konturSi maRali wnevis qveS (~ 10 atm. ). siTxe ifrqveva gafarToebis Sedegad aorTqlebis konturSi sadac wneva SedarebiT naklebia (~ 2 atm. ). cold reservoir (fridge interior) T=5 0 C hot reservoir (fridge exterior) T=25 0 C P V liquid gas liquid+gas 1 2 3 4 compressor condenser throttling valve evaporator processes at P = const,  Q=dH

13. Kamerlingh Onnes, 1911 idealuri gamtaroba – zegamtaroba ! T c

14. deni wredSi ibrunebs minimum 10 10 weli ! marTlac nulia Tu ara winaRoba ? I B

15. zegamtarobis meqanizmi : eleqtronebis dawyvileba - kuperis wyvilebi

17. eleqtruli energiis Senaxva zegamtarebSi

18. maRaltemperaturuli zegamtaroba Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 (La 1.85 Ba .15 )CuO 4 YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 Hg 0.8 Tl 0.2 Ba 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 8.33 Tl 2 Ba 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10 kritikuli temperatura ( K ) wlebi

21. Large HTS Power cable Bi-2223 cable -Albany New York – commissioned fall 2006 February 2008 updated with YBCO section

24. Detecting 100 fT magnetic fields using SQUIDs, S uperconducting Q uantum I nterference D evices Prototype of a SQUID-based magnetoencelography system developed at the Chieti University (courtesy of G.L. Romani).

27. Zlieri magnituri velebis Seqmna solenoidi B I

28. magnetorezonansuli tomografia (MRI) zegamtarobis gamoyeneba medicinaSi

29. magnetorezonansuli tomografia (MRI) zegamtarobis gamoyeneba medicinaSi

30. 1500 tona zegamtari kabelebi 27 km gvirabi 3286 mtz kontaqti Large Hadron Collider 15000 MJ of magnetic energy 1232 zegamtari magniti didi adronuli kolaideri- CERN Switzerland France Mont Blanc Jenevis tba

31. zegamtarebis meore saocari Tviseba: sruliad gamodevnis magnitur velsB meisneris efeqti

34. The End

36. Nb 3 Sn zegamtari kabeli

37. zegamtari mavTulebi da lentebi Cross sections filamentary BSCCO wire

38. MagLev Yamanashi