1º eso

1. UNIT 7: THE EARTH’S
CRUST

2. MINERALS
 The Earth’s crust is made up of rocks.
 The rock is made up of minerals.
 A mineral is a solid substance with a definite chemical
composition.
 Silicates are minerals made up of oxygen and silicon.
 The rest of minerals are called non-silicates.

3. ACTIVITIES
1.What’s a mineral?
2.What’s the difference between silicates and
non-silicates?
3. What are the three layers of geosphere?

4.  The physical properties of minerals are
characteristics which can be observed and determined
easily.
 Types: Mohs hardness scale
 Colour
 Luster
 Hardness
 Streak
 Fractures and cleavage
THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
MINERALS

5. ACTIVITIES
3. What property does a mineral have if we
can break it up easily into thin sheets?
4. What properties do you need to consider to
describe a mineral?
5. What is the hardest mineral? And the
weakest?

6.  Rocks are aggregates of minerals which have been
formed in a natural process.
 TYPES OF ROCKS:
 Sedimentary rocks. Ex: Limestone and clay.
 Metamorphic rocks. Ex: Marble and slate
 Magmatic rocks. They can be: Plutonic rocks and
volcanic rocks. Ex: Granite and basalt.
ROCKS

7. ACTIVITIES
6. What are the rocks?
7.What types of rocks do you know?
8. Write down two rocks of each type of rock.