1. Using the Semantic Web, and Contributing to it Mathieu d’Aquin KMi, The Open University – m.daquin@open.ac.uk

2. Semantic Web A large scale, heterogenous collection of formal , machine processable, ontology-based statements (semantic metadata) about web resources and other entities in the world, expressed in a XML-based syntax <rdf:RDF> <owl:Ontology rdf:about=&quot;&quot;> <owl:imports rdf:resource=&quot;http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#&quot;/> </owl:Ontology> <j.1:Organization rdf:ID=&quot;KMi&quot;> <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string&quot; >The Knoledge Media Institute of the Open University, Milton Keynes UK</rdfs:comment> </j.1:Organization> <j.1:Document rdf:ID=&quot;KMiWebSite&quot;> … <rdf:RDF> <channel rdf:about=“http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/blog”> <title>Elementaries - The Watson Blog</title> <link>http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk:8080/blog/</link> <description> &quot;Oh dear! Where the Semantic Web is going to go now?&quot; -- imaginary user 23 </description> <language>en</language> <copyright>Watson team</copyright> <lastBuildDate>Thu, 01 Mar 2007 13:49:52 GMT</lastBuildDate> <generator>Pebble (http://pebble.sourceforge.net)</generator> <docs>http://backend.userland.com/rss</docs> …

3. Metadata UoD <rdf:RDF> <channel rdf:about=“http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/blog”> <title>Elementaries - The Watson Blog</title> <link>http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk:8080/blog/</link> <description> &quot;Oh dear! Where the Semantic Web is going to go now?&quot; -- imaginary user 23 </description> <language>en</language> <copyright>Watson team</copyright> <lastBuildDate>Thu, 01 Mar 2007 13:49:52 GMT</lastBuildDate> <generator>Pebble (http://pebble.sourceforge.net)</generator> <docs>http://backend.userland.com/rss</docs> … <rdf:RDF> <foaf:Image rdf:about='http://static.flickr.com/132/400582453_e1e1f8602c.jpg'> <dc:title>Zen wisteria</dc:title> <dc:description></dc:description> <foaf:page rdf:resource='http://www.flickr.com/photos/xcv/400582453/'/> <foaf:topic rdf:resource='http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/vittelgarden/'/> <foaf:topic rdf:resource='http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/wisteria/'/> <dc:creator> <foaf:Person><foaf:name>Mathieu d'Aquin</foaf:name> … <rdf:RDF> <owl:Ontology rdf:about=&quot;&quot;> <owl:imports rdf:resource=&quot;http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#&quot;/> </owl:Ontology> <j.1:Organization rdf:ID=&quot;KMi&quot;> <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string&quot; >The Knoledge Media Institute of the Open University, Milton Keynes UK</rdfs:comment> </j.1:Organization> <j.1:Document rdf:ID=&quot;KMiWebSite&quot;> … FOAF DC RSS TAP WORDNET NCI Galen Music … … … … …

4. OK, nice… but what’s the reality? 2007 2008 2009

7. Next Generation Semantic Web Applications Dynamically retrieving, exploiting and combining relevant semantic resources from the SW, at large Need for a Gateway to the Semantic Web

8. Watson: a Gateway to the Semantic Web

9. Architecture

10. Interface http://watson.kmi.open.ac.uk

12. Some Applications We Developed Ontology Reuse: The Watson Plugin Question Answering: PowerAqua Semantic Browsing: PowerMagpie Semantic Relation Discovery: Scarlet Folksonomy Enrichment And also: Word sense disambiguation Query Expansion Synonym Discovery…

13. Example: The Watson Plugin Chose an entity to search Get entities from online ontologies Integrate statements Into the edited ontology

14. Example: Scarlet ka2.rdf Researcher AcademicStaff Semantic Web Researcher AcademicStaff ISWC SWRC Ham SeaFood Semantic Web Ham SeaFood Meat Meat SeaFood Agrovoc NALT pizza-to-go wine.owl NALT

15. Example: Scarlet

16. Example: PowerAqua Natural language question Answers from online semantic data

17. Example: FLOR Can the Semantic Web provide the structure needed to improve search and navigation of tagged spaces?

19. Bring in the SW… Dolphin Seal Marine Mammal Mammal Sea livesIn Whale Body of Water Ocean Sea Elephant Fish livesIn Animal FreshwaterFish SaltwaterFish livesIn Animal Water <Animal livesIn Water> <Dolphin> or < Seal> or <“Sea Elephant”> or <Whale>

20. Results dolphin seal whale sea elephant 18/24 ≈ 75% relevant

21. Other Use of Watson/the Semantic Web: Understanding Knowledge Online Number of entities Domain covered Underlying description logic

27. From a Semantic Web search engine… Slide

28. … to Ontology Repositories? Slide Ontologies Ontology Metadata Versions of Alignments Comments and Reviews

29. Cupboard

31. Automatic evaluation of statements through a trust engine Watson Trust Service Trust Propagation You Click Here This statement is good Ranking for statements/ entities

32. Example - Evaluation as a Side Effect

33. Example - Ranking According to Trust

34. Example - Propagation

36. Thank You! Mathieu d’Aquin ( [email_address] , http://people.kmi.open.ac.uk/mathieu ) With contributions from many people in Kmi ( http://kmi.open.ac.uk ) and the NeOn project ( http://neon-project.org ) /* I would normally include a bibliography slide at the end, but all the relevant papers can be found on these 3 websites */