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1. Audience, Purpose,
& Context
Who?
Why?
What?

2. Analyzing the Audience
 Who will be reading, listening to, or using this material?
 What particular characteristics do they have?
 What are their backgrounds and attitudes towards the
subject?

3. Typical Business Audiences
 Subordinates
 Co-workers / peers
 Supervisors
 Investors
 The Public

4. “General” Audience
“The Public” isn’t a general audience.
The “general” audience does not exist.
When writing for the public, you are actually writing to
interested members of the public. Or those you hope will
become interested.

5. Mixed Audiences
Many business documents have a mixed audience
 Memos to subordinates may be read by superiors in a
performance review
 A document written for investors may be posted on the
corporate web site
 An internal email may be subpoenaed

6. Analyzing the Purpose
 Why is this communication important?
 Why is it needed?
 What will users do with this information?

7. Typical Business Purposes
 Informational
 Persuasive
 Analytical

8. Mixed Purpose
Purpose, like audience, is often mixed:
 An advertisement is often at least partly informational
 An analytical report must persuade the reader that the
analysis is valid

9. Analyzing the Context
 What are the organizational settings in which the document
will be used?
 Are there legal issues to consider?
 How much time do the users have to perform a task?
 Are the readers of this document members of a larger
professional community?
 Are the readers from one culture only or cross-cultural?

10. Using Audience Analysis
The results of your audience analysis will affect
 Word choice
 Examples
 Document format
 Document length
 Document genre
 Included or excluded information

11. Relevance
Relevant information is useful to the audience.
 What do they already know?
 What do they need to know?
 Why are they reading this document?