15. Agricultura y deforestación son responsables por alrededor de 1/3 de la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero por actividades humanas.
16. Aproximately 80% of total agricultural emmisions including deforestation comes from developing countries Argentina April 2008 Incendios, enero a setiembre. 2008
36. Incremento en G ases de E fecto I nvernadero CO2: 37% Metano: 150% Oxido nitroso: 18%
37. Nivel de estabilización (ppm CO 2 -eq) Incremento global de temp. al equilibrio ( ºC) Año en que CO 2 debe revertirse Año en que emisiones de CO 2 regresan a niveles del 2000 Reducción de emisiones de CO 2 en 2050 comparado con 2000 445 – 490 2.0 – 2.4 2000 - 2015 2000- 2030 -85 a -50 490 – 535 2.4 – 2.8 2000 - 2020 2000- 2040 -60 a -30 535 – 590 2.8 – 3.2 2010 - 2030 2020- 2060 -30 a +5 590 – 710 3.2 – 4.0 2020 - 2060 2050- 2100 +10 a +60 710 – 855 4.0 – 4.9 2050 - 2080 +25 a +85 855 – 1130 4.9 – 6.1 2060 - 2090 +90 a +140
57. Arrecifes de coral seriamente amenazados por elevación temperatura del mar. Es muy probable que desaparezcan los manglares de las líneas costeras bajas en el peor escenario de aumento del nivel del mar. Aumento pronunciado de la extinción de mamíferos, aves, mariposas, ranas y reptiles para 2050 Aumento de la aridez y escasez de recursos hídricos Degradación y desertificación severas de la tierra Disminución severa de disponibilidad de agua Cerrados: Pérdidas del 24% de 138 especies de árboles para un aumento de temperatura de 2°C. Agotamiento del ozono y cáncer de piel Amazonas: pérdida del 43% de 69 especies de árboles a finales del siglo XXI; conversión en sabanas de la parte oriental. Pérdida sitios de anidación de tortugas marinas por erosión de playas
73. Cubierta de hielo hemisferio norte 10 7 5 4 6 8 1960 1970 1980 1990 1953 Source: National Snow and Ice Data Center 9 Sea-Ice Extent (millions km 2 ) 2000 2007 2005 2010
81. Estudios Seleccionados de Cultivos de América Latina: Estudio Escenario Área Geog. Cultivos Impacto/ Cosecha (%) Baethgen 1992,1994 GISS, GDFL UKMO Uruguay CEBADA -30 A -40 -30 Baethgen y Magrin, 1994 2 x CO 2 +5.4 ºC Argentina Trigo -5 a -10 Siquiera et al 1994, Siquiera, 1992 GISS, GDFL UKMO, sensibilidad Brasil Trigo Maíz Soja -15 a -50 -5 a -25 -10 a +40 Liverman, et al, 1991 / 94 GISS, GDFL UKMO, sensibilidad México Maíz -6 a -61 Dowming, 1992 +3ºC, -25% Precipitac. Norte Chico, Chile Trigo Maíz Papas Uvas Disminución Aumento Aumento Disminución Sala y Paruelo, 1992, 1994 GISS, GDFL UKMO, sensibilidad Argentina Maíz -17 a -36
87. 312 Gt de carbono (15,2% del stock mundial) está protegido en las más de 100 mil áreas protegidas. La conversión y degradación de ecosistemas naturales contribuye significativamente al CC. Ref.: SCBD/STTM/JM/JW/ac/67599 3 Junio 2009
116. Estamos en un momento crítico de la historia de la Tierra, en el cual la humanidad debe elegir su futuro. Carta de la Tierra
117. Eduard Müller Universidad para la Cooperación Internacional Costa Rica [email_address] T: (506) 22836464 Dejemos que nuestro tiempo sea recordado como el despertar de una nueva reverencia hacia la vida, la resolución firme de lograr el desarrollo sostenible, el aceleramiento de la lucha por la justicia y la paz y la alegre celebración de la vida.
From NASA Goddard - minimum Arctic sea ice extent from September 1980 http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003400/a003464/index.html
From NASA Goddard - minimum Arctic sea ice extent from September 2007 http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a000000/a003400/a003464/index.html
NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft captured several stunning images of Earth taken with its wide-angle camera during a gravity assist swingby of Earth on Aug. 2, 2005. The images were sequenced into an MPEG movie showing Earth through one complete rotation from the view from MESSENGER as it departed Earth. The movie starts when MESSENGER was 40,761 miles (65,598 kilometers) above South America on Aug. 2. It ends when the probe was 270,847 miles (435,885 kilometers) away from Earth – farther than the Moon’s orbit - on Aug. 3. The gravity assist allowed NASA to test several MESSENGER science instruments by observing its home planet. One of them the Mercury Dual Imaging System's wide angle camera which is used to capture these images. The Mercury-bound MESSENGER spacecraft took 358 image s during a gravity assist swingby of Earth on Aug. 2, 2005. Those images were sequenced into an MPEG movie showing the v iew f rom MESSENGER as it departed Earth. "
pale blue dot: Earth (the dot in the middle) as seen from 3.7 billion miles away by the Voyager 1 spacecraft, on 6/6/1990. Carl Sagan quote: "But for us, it's different. Look again at that dot. That's here. That's home. That's us. On it everyone you love, everyone you know, everyone you ever heard of, every human being who ever was, lived out their lives. The aggregate of our joy and suffering, thousands of confident religions, ideologies, and economic doctrines, every hunter and forager, every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilization, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every mother and father, hopeful child, inventor and explorer, every teacher of morals, every corrupt politician, every "superstar," every "supreme leader," every saint and sinner in the history of our species lived there - on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam. "The Earth is a very small stage in a vast cosmic arena. Think of the rivers of blood spilled by all those generals and emperors, so that, in glory and triumph, they could become the momentary masters of a fraction of a dot. Think of the endless cruelties visited by the inhabitants of one corner of this pixel on the scarcely distinguishable inhabitants of some other corner, how frequent their misunderstandings, how eager they are to kill one another, how fervent their hatreds. "Our posturings, our imagined self-importance, the delusion that we have some privileged position in the Universe, are challenged by this point of pale light. Our planet is a lonely speck in the great enveloping cosmic dark. In our obscurity, in all this vastness, there is no hint that help will come from elsewhere to save us from ourselves." - Pale Blue Dot