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GAITAN ANIBAL
MEDICO GENERAL.
• ES UN RETROVIRUS LINFOTRÒPICO DE LA FAMILIA:
RETROVIRIDAE, SUBFAMILIA LENTIVIRIDAE CON
UNA ESTRUCTURA ICOSAHÈDRICA DE 90-130mm DE
DIAMETRO CON 72 ESPÌCULAS, FORMADO POR
DOS PROTEÌNAS DE LA CAPSULA gp120 Y gp41(gp36
Y gp104 VIH-2).
• ENVOLTURA: BICAPA LIPÍDICA DERIVADA DE LA
CÉLULA HUÉSPED. CONTIENE LAS PROTEÍNAS
VIRALES GP120, GP41.
• NUCLEOCÁPSIDE (CORE): CONSTITUIDO POR LA
PROTEÍNA P24. CONTIENE MATERIAL GENÉTICO Y
ENZIMAS PARA REPLICACIÓN VIRAL
(TRANSCRIPTASA INVERSA, INTEGRASA Y
PROTEASA).
• MATRIZ: PROTEÍNA P17, ESTÁ ENTRE EL NÚCLEO Y
LA ENVOLTURA.
• MATERIAL GENÉTICO (GENOMA):
• ARN DE CADENA ÚNICA CON 2 HEBRAS IDÉNTICAS.
• GENES ESTRUCTURALES: RESPONSABLES DE LA
SÍNTESIS DE ELEMENTOS CONSTITUYENTES
COMO ENZIMAS, GLUCOPROTEÍNAS DE
ENVOLTURAS Y PROTEÍNAS ESTRUCTURALES.
• GENES REGULADORES: INTERVIENEN EN EL
CONTROL DE LA REPLICACIÓN VIRAL
• GEN GAG: CODIFICA LAS PROTEÍNAS DEL CORE.
• GEN POL: CODIFICA LA TRANSCRIPTASA INVERSA Y
LA PROTEASA.
• GEN ENV: CODIFICA LAS PROTEÍNAS DE LA
ENVOLTURA VÍRICA
. Sanguínea (transfusiones contaminadas,
compartir agujas durante el uso de drogas,
pinchazo laboral).
Vertical (madre a niño durante el parto o la
lactancia).
Sexual (75% a nivel mundial).
• Relación anal receptiva 0.1-3%
• Relación vaginal receptiva 0.1-0.2%
• Relación vaginal insertiva 0.03-0.09%
• Compartir aguja 0.67%
• ITS Incrementa riesgo
• Sexo oral bajo (hasta 7%)
• Carga viral < 3,500 copias/mL 0.0001
• Carga viral 50,000 copias/mL 0.0051
• FACTORES DEL VIRUS
• Tropismo
• Alta capacidad de replicación
• Resistencia
• FACTORES DEL HUESPED
• Genéticos: resistencia y progresión lenta
• Respuesta inmune específica anti-VIH
Esté JA, et al. Lancet. 2007;370:81-88.
CXCR4 CCR5CD4
Células Naive CD4+ Células de Memoria CD4+ Macrófagos
R5X4 D/M
D/M o X4
occure en
más de la
mitad de pts
cuando la
enfermedad
progresa
Causa
la mayor
transmisión
del VIH
Deben ser activadas a células de
memoria para ser blanco de R5
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VIH DR GAITAN

  • 2. • ES UN RETROVIRUS LINFOTRÒPICO DE LA FAMILIA: RETROVIRIDAE, SUBFAMILIA LENTIVIRIDAE CON UNA ESTRUCTURA ICOSAHÈDRICA DE 90-130mm DE DIAMETRO CON 72 ESPÌCULAS, FORMADO POR DOS PROTEÌNAS DE LA CAPSULA gp120 Y gp41(gp36 Y gp104 VIH-2).
  • 3.
  • 4. • ENVOLTURA: BICAPA LIPÍDICA DERIVADA DE LA CÉLULA HUÉSPED. CONTIENE LAS PROTEÍNAS VIRALES GP120, GP41. • NUCLEOCÁPSIDE (CORE): CONSTITUIDO POR LA PROTEÍNA P24. CONTIENE MATERIAL GENÉTICO Y ENZIMAS PARA REPLICACIÓN VIRAL (TRANSCRIPTASA INVERSA, INTEGRASA Y PROTEASA). • MATRIZ: PROTEÍNA P17, ESTÁ ENTRE EL NÚCLEO Y LA ENVOLTURA.
  • 5. • MATERIAL GENÉTICO (GENOMA): • ARN DE CADENA ÚNICA CON 2 HEBRAS IDÉNTICAS. • GENES ESTRUCTURALES: RESPONSABLES DE LA SÍNTESIS DE ELEMENTOS CONSTITUYENTES COMO ENZIMAS, GLUCOPROTEÍNAS DE ENVOLTURAS Y PROTEÍNAS ESTRUCTURALES. • GENES REGULADORES: INTERVIENEN EN EL CONTROL DE LA REPLICACIÓN VIRAL
  • 6.
  • 7. • GEN GAG: CODIFICA LAS PROTEÍNAS DEL CORE. • GEN POL: CODIFICA LA TRANSCRIPTASA INVERSA Y LA PROTEASA. • GEN ENV: CODIFICA LAS PROTEÍNAS DE LA ENVOLTURA VÍRICA
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11. . Sanguínea (transfusiones contaminadas, compartir agujas durante el uso de drogas, pinchazo laboral). Vertical (madre a niño durante el parto o la lactancia). Sexual (75% a nivel mundial).
  • 12. • Relación anal receptiva 0.1-3% • Relación vaginal receptiva 0.1-0.2% • Relación vaginal insertiva 0.03-0.09% • Compartir aguja 0.67% • ITS Incrementa riesgo • Sexo oral bajo (hasta 7%) • Carga viral < 3,500 copias/mL 0.0001 • Carga viral 50,000 copias/mL 0.0051
  • 13.
  • 14. • FACTORES DEL VIRUS • Tropismo • Alta capacidad de replicación • Resistencia • FACTORES DEL HUESPED • Genéticos: resistencia y progresión lenta • Respuesta inmune específica anti-VIH
  • 15. Esté JA, et al. Lancet. 2007;370:81-88. CXCR4 CCR5CD4 Células Naive CD4+ Células de Memoria CD4+ Macrófagos R5X4 D/M D/M o X4 occure en más de la mitad de pts cuando la enfermedad progresa Causa la mayor transmisión del VIH Deben ser activadas a células de memoria para ser blanco de R5