Urban development heritage protection and tourism validation with social inclusión Alberto Cerdá Micó

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KAIROS
Cultural heritage as an opportunity for urban development
through tourism and social sustainability
2 ‘STATE OF THE ART’
2.1 Why is cultural heritage/landscape important and how is it a valuable asset to develop
tourism and other related activities?1
The presence and qualityof cultural activities is a major factor of attractiveness of a city. Cultural heritage
is a key elementofthe image and identity of cities and the main focus ofcity tourism while the participation
in culture enhances intercultural dialogue,supportsocial cohesion and lead to social innovation.
Investing in culture is wise decision for local and regional policymakers,buthow to invest is a more
complexissue.Making the rightchoices is essential, as expenditures mustbe efficient.
Many cities with an urban regeneration strategyhave inaugurated new cultural facilities in order to serve
their inhabitants,butalso to upgrade their image2
.Cultural facilities attractquality, interest,added value,
visitors and residents.An active cultural life also has a crucial role to play in the developmentofnew
transferable skills such as creativity, digital literacy, adaptation to change and new ways of working,
especiallyrelevantin times ofcrisis and the shift to “knowledge-based” economy.
Heritage has manydimensions:cultural,physical,digital, environmental,human and social3
.Both the
preservation and valorisation ofcultural heritage open up considerable opportunities for local development.
Hosting heritage sites and effectively managing them has proved to be a strategic asset,which contributes
to smart,sustainable and inclusive growth.
EU-wide data in particular are lacking, but sectoral and country-based studies indicate that the heritage
sector makes a significanteconomic contribution.According to the European Construction Industry
Federation,in 2013 renovation and maintenance represented 27.5% ofthe value of Europe's construction
industry. UK studies have shown thatthe historic environmentcan offer a high return on investment:each
£1 invested generating up to £1.60 of additional economic activity over ten years.
Heritage has spill-over effects in other economic sectors
Tourism is estimated to contribute €415 billion to the EU GDP and 3.4 million tourism enterprises
accountfor 15.2 million jobs – manylinked to heritage,directly or indirectly. 27% of EU travellers
indicate that cultural heritage is a key factor in choosing a travel destination. In 2013, 52% of EU
citizens visited at leastone historical monumentor site and 37% a museum or galleryin their respective
countries,while 19% visited a historical monumentor site in another EU country . Heritage can
therefore help brand cities and regions,attracting talentand tourism.
Technologyadds economic value in the heritage sector:digitised cultural material is used to enhance
the visitor experience,develop educational content,documentaries,tourism applications and games.
Cultural heritage creates considerable externalities atlocal level in terms of image and attractiveness.
Furthermore,as cultural heritage helps to distinguish from other towns in the global competition,itis a key
assetto brand cities and raise their international outlook attracting notonly visitors,but also talent,
businesses and investment.
1Culture for Cities and Regions: ttp://www.cultureforcitiesandregions.eu/culture/project
2
Cities of Tomorrow – Action Today. URBACT II Capitalisation. From crisis to choice: re-imagining the future in
shrinking cities, Urbact 2013. The publication provides the interesting experiences of Glasgow in Scotland, Bilbao in
Spain and Nantes in France)
3
COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE
EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS. Tow ards an
integrated approach to culturalheritage for Europe, 2014

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Globally, travel & tourism employs 50% women and 50% youth
Every $1 spent on tourism generates $3.2 in GDP across the economy4
The promotion and valorisation ofcultural heritage can be instrumental for the regeneration ofareas facing
challenges such as de-industrialisation,degradation,depopulation,gentrification,and the shiftto the new
economy.The rich and varied European heritage features greatpotential to promote lesser-known
destinations (as mostofthe Kairó´s partners are) and develop sustainable cultural-ecofriendlytourism.
Culture for social inclusion,social innovation and intercultural dialogue
Culture-led developmentstrategies have directand indirectimpacts on social inclusion,social innovation
and intercultural dialogue.Access to culture for all increases social cohesion atlocal level, but also
strengthens considerablythe sense ofbelonging to a city and local pride.Culture is also a key to foster
intercultural dialogue.Promoting intercultural dialogue provides a means to enjoythe richness ofcultural
diversity by establishing linkages between differentcultures,communities and people.
In the New Urban Agenda (United Nations,2016) “the persistence of multiple forms ofpoverty, growing
inequalities and environmental degradation” are recognized as the major obstacles to sustainable
development,with social and economic exclusion and spatial segregation (art.3, NUA).
Access and participation in artistic and cultural activities for sociallyexcluded groups such as migrants,
minorities,youth and elderly can help enhance their social capital,self-esteem,develop new transferable
skills and competences. Culture can be a tool for developing new behaviours and skills as well as
enhancing intercultural dialogue.Laws are fundamental butare notthe only way of regulating coexistence.
Cities and neighbourhoods are a privileged setting for invention and provide an environmentfor
encounters with the different and the distinct:origin,vision,age, gender,ethnicity and class.
Culture is increasinglyregarded as a tool to foster citizens’ participation in public life.The cultural and
creative sector is permeated with values such as free exchange,critical thinking,personal development,
solidarity,cooperation,networking,diversity and co-creation.Those values can spread from the cultural
field through the society in ways such as forms ofcommunityarts,workshops or voluntary programmes.
Key aspects ofan authentic dialogue between citizens and governmentagencies (LEADER Observatory,
1995) involves differentinterests working together towards a common understanding.Dialogue creates the
possibilityof reaching better solutions and strategies than the original proposals.
Social innovation through culture:CCIs to stimulate economic growth and vitality
By promoting citizens’ participation,forms ofco-creation and involvement,culture can be also instrumental
to social innovation by stimulating new forms ofproblem solving and innovative governance models to
address societal challenges.Creativity, lateral thinking and imagination generate new ideas to solve
societal issues through the creation of new products,services and models.Innovative participatory
approaches give new dynamism to cities’ plans byinvolving citizens in the decision-making process.
The economic contribution ofthe Cultural and Creative Sector (CCS) in the European Union in general
and to regional developmentin particular is widelyacknowledged.CCS accounts for 3.3% of the EU
GDP and generates 6.7 million jobs (3% oftotal employment),being one of the mostdynamic sectors in
4 Culture, Heritage, & Sustainable Tourism, PUTTING CULTURE & HERITAGE ATWORK TO CREATE JOBS (World
Bank, 2016)

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Europe.Recent data also show that, in a time of crisis,employmentin the sector proved to be more
resilientthatthe restof the economy.In terms ofwealth creation, cultural and creative industries (CCIs)
grew much faster than other sectors.
The promotion ofcreative entrepreneurship offers an importantstimulus to the emergence ofnew
economic activities thus generating new employmentopportunities and growth.In addition,the presence
of a vital CCIs sector can play an importantrole in attracting private investments .
Developing a creative environmentfor young people in Leoben.OP-ACT Urbact Project
"The Local Action Plan generated a “Creative Workshop” (Kreativwerkstatt),a place for artists,
musicians,designers and the performing arts,along with freelancers working in the media and IT.
Funding and advice for small businesses was also on hand
CCIs and CCI operators play an importantrole in the new economyas they are a key source of creativity
and innovation, either in their working methods or in their ability to exploit the capacity of people to think
inventively and imaginatively. Creative industries trigger cross-sectorial innovation or creative spillovers.
Culture heritage and ecology: interlinked for sustainable territories
Culture embraces the environmental dimension because cultural and natural diversityare linked and have
evolved together. More responsible consumption,environmentallycorrectbehaviors,sustainable
managementare results ofthe encounter between modernityand traditional knowledge.Culture creates
identity with land and place, and raises awareness ofecological responsibility.5
Culture provides the local knowledge for resilience byemphasizing localityand historical continuities,key
elements in the fight againstclimate change and natural hazards.Culture raises awareness ofthe impacts
of ecological footprints,the need to transform production/consumption patterns (e.g.,slow food,0 km
products,etc.), and people´s responsibilitytowards a more harmonious balance with the environment.
5 E.g. example of the French cultural organization Dédale, about urban territory and biodiversity:
http://www.dedale.info/en/

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What are heritage assets?6
A ‘heritage asset’ can be defined as ‘a building,monument,site,place,area or landscape identified as
having a degree of significance in planning decisions,because ofits heritage interest’. The term heritage
assetgenerallyincludes designated assets,such as listed buildings,conservation areas,world heritage
sites,ancientmonuments,areas ofarchaeological importance,registered parks,as well as non-
designated assets identified by the national/regional authority.
Once listed buildings fall outof use, especiallyif they are in a poor shape,they are frequently considered
as an ‘expensive problem’.For developers,they are a constrainton the redevelopmentpotential ofa site,
causing risk and uncertainty,including increased building and maintenance costs while for the local
planning authority,conserving the building and bringing itback to use is an importantpolicyobjective.
However, even when vacant and in poor condition,listed buildings,and all other forms of builtheritage,
remain ‘assets’. The challenge for both developers/owners and those responding to development
proposals is to see beyond the immediate constraints and to work together proactively, using flexibility, to
find a solution where ‘heritage works’ for the owner,occupiers,communityand environmentatlarge .
Critical to the success ofregeneration is finding a viable economic use thatcan supportinitial
refurbishment,provide the owner or developer with a reasonable return on their investment,which
generates income to ensure the long-term maintenance ofthe building and associated public open spaces.
It is importantto ensure the projectteam has access to expert professional advice on heritage and
regeneration issues from the start. Reducing risk can be achieved by seeking to establish an appropriate
planning policyframework for the project – reflecting both regeneration and heritage objectives.
Purchasers and owners should make sure theypay the right price for the asset – reflecting full knowledge
of the conservation constraints and realistic repair costs.Involving the communitycan build supportfor a
project, help to avoid opposition later and mayuncover unexpected resources.It is importantto think
ahead and plan for the long-term managementofthe heritage asset.Undertaking thorough surveys ofthe
building and making realistic assessments of its capacity to be adapted for the proposed use is an
essential stage ofany project.
Work to listed buildings can be more complexthan for a new building.Costs maybe greater than for
corresponding elements ofnew build.Running and maintenance costs maybe higher than for comparable
modern buildings so itis needed to plan and budgetaccordingly to develop innovative and affordable
building renovation solutions thatcan deliver significantimprovements in energyperformance while
ensuring indoor comfort requirements,non-invasive,reversible solutions7
.The emphasis should be on
eco-innovation and sustainabilityby integrating cost-effective technologies for energyefficiency and
renewable energysolutions
6
Heritage Works The use of historic buildings in regeneration A toolkit of good practice
Feb 2013 (www.english-heritage.org.uk/heritageworks)
7
An example of Horizon 2020 source of funding for this kind of operations can be found at:
https://ec.europa.eu/info/funding-tenders/opportunities/portal/screen/opportunities/topic-details/ee-03-2014

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There have been unsuccessful cases where heritage-based regeneration projects have faltered or failed
completely.The reasons vary considerablyand are often complex.In some cases unexpected costs have
undermined viability,in others there has been difficulty in finding a beneficial use for a listed building,while
elsewhere uses based on visitor attractions have failed to attract sufficientpublic interest
Urban regeneration of a heritage city
The architectural,cultural and social decline in the city of Vila do Conde was
reversed through an innovative and integrated urban regeneration programme.
The old centre featured remarkable historical monuments which,along with its cultural environment,has
always attracted a vast range of artists and men of letters. The city encountered a cycle of decline and
deprivation,combined with a dwindling population and serious deterioration ofits ancientheritage. The
Municipal Council,in partnership with the European,national,regional and local authorities,developed
an integrated programme ofurban regeneration,with a view to mobilising and combining all agencies
and supporttools available.This resulted in the implementation of a integrated urban regeneration
pogramme between 2000 and 2010.
A core aspectof this programme centred on enhancing cultural heritage through the integration and
recovery of importantbuildings in the historic centre and activities primarilyrelated to culture and
creativity. New ways of promoting creative and cultural activities to strengthen the identity of the city
were introduced,working in close partnership with key regional and local actors.
The regeneration process has been innovative with the adoption of manynew techniques in the
construction and development ofpublic spaces and facilities
Tangible and Intangible Heritage:An Integrated Approach
The UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding ofthe Intangible Cultural Heritage (art. 2) defines
intangible cultural heritage as the practices,representations,expressions,knowledge and skills – including
the instruments,objects artefacts and cultural spaces associated with them – that communities,groups
and individuals recognize as partof their cultural heritage.This intangible cultural heritage is transmitted

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from generation to generation and is constantlyrecreated by communities and groups in response to their
environment,their interaction with nature and their history, and providing a sense ofidentity and continuity.
Tangible cultural heritage (M. Bouchenaki, UNESCO),be it a monument,historic city, or landscape is easy
to catalogue and its protection consists mainlyof conservation and restoration measures.On the other
hand,intangible heritage requires a differentsafeguarding approach and methodologyto tangible heritage.
It is fragile by nature because it relies on actors and social environmental conditions thatare subjectto
rapid change.While tangible cultural heritage is designed to outlive those who produce or commission it,
the fate of intangible heritage is far more intimatelyrelated to its creators as it depends,in mostcases,on
oral transmission.Therefore,legal and administrative measures traditionallytaken to protect material
elements ofcultural heritage are often inappropriate for safeguarding a heritage whose mostsignificant
elements relate to particular systems ofknowledge and value as well as a specific social and cultural
context. The Shanghai Charter recommends thatmuseums “establish interdisciplinaryand cross-sectorial
approaches thatbring together movable and immovable,tangible and intangible,natural and cultural
heritage” and “develop documentation tools and standards in establishing holistic museums and heritage
practices”.
2. 2 Facing Challenges8
The heritage sector is at a crossroads. Public budgets are decreasing,as is participation in traditional
cultural activities while high touristinfluxes are a mixed blessing – increasing revenues but also
environmental and physical pressures.
Digitisation and online accessibilityof cultural contentshake up traditional models,transform value chains
and call for new approaches to the cultural and artistic heritage. Museums and archives9
are also evolving
by digitising collections,connecting them in open networks and making them widelyavailable to citizens
(although the percentage of digitised heritage available online remains small).These challenges need to be
addressed and the heritage sector mustadaptmanagementand business models while developing new
professional skills,working with authorities notthrough isolated interventions,butby making the
valorisation and preservation ofheritage part of long-term plans.
Additionally, rehabilitation often raises the issue ofgentrification.It can displace people and destroylocal
identity and markets,butmay guarantee a better conservation offragile buildings.Striking a balance can
be difficultin the long term, especiallywhen there is real estate price inflation.
In Quito, the early rehabilitation operations were very successful.However,rehabilitated parts ofthe city
gained attractiveness and,twenty years later, speculation started to increase.Market pressures evicted
a significantpartof the population,and the neighbourhood started to lose its original cultural character
and environment10
Cultural heritage is also embedded in rural areas and remote regions,often closelylinked with the natural
environment; how to reach and attract the “passing by” tourists can be key issue.Initiatives on food
traditions thatbuild on local communityfarming and production can become a laboratoryof civil society
engagementfor more sustainable ways ofproducing and consuming.
SHCity: from the concept of the Smart City to the SmartHeritage City. To achieve this, the project
created a unique open source tool to collect data in historic urban centres and facilitate the work of the
administrations responsible for their management(Avila, Spain)
8 A sector in transformation: heritage as a source of socialinnovation for smart, sustainable and inclusive grow th
COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE
EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS
Tow ards an integrated approach to culturalheritage for Europe, 2014
9
New technologies bring culturalheritage sites backto life. VirtualMuseums offer visitors the possibility to see art w orks
residing in different places in context and experience objects or sites inaccessible to the public.
10 Cuture and local development. Background document, OECD 2018

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The projectSHCity addressed the need for comprehensive managementofhistoric urban centres in
order to avoid their deterioration due to natural and human factors while providing solutions to problems
like mass tourism. Surveillance technologies,artificial intelligence and tools to aid municipal
administrators to have useful data and information attheir disposal to manage the city
The new circular economy and the role of cultural heritage11
Many EU cities are facing importantchallenges related to economic,social and environmental crisis
referred to three great changes:demographic changes (population growth while some areas become
depopulated),structural changes (globalization) and environmental changes (climate change,pollution,
etc.). Population aging,unemployment,growing fragilityof social ties are features oftoday´ society.
The traditional economyneeds to be re-shaped/re-generated in order to be more respectful to social
environmentand human being and to become more productive in a multiple dimensional space. In this
framework,cities play a central role. However, cities are also generators ofentropy, places where negative
impacts on environmental (pollution,environmental degradation,loss ofbiodiversityetc.) and social capital
(inequalities,social fragmentation,negative impacts on wellbeing,etc.) are produced and concentrated.
The “new economy” is based on the circularization of processes and aims atreducing social and
environmental externalities and greenhouse impacts. Cities need to be re-organized according to the logic
of this “new circular economy” which is increasinglyde-carbonized,ecological and inclusive.12
The
challenge todayis to transform the traditional economyinto another one able to spread prosperityand
produce benefits for environmental and social capital,focusing on human beings. Cultural heritage
represents a particular example ofcommon good.The decay of common goods (both tangible and
intangible) is an obstacle to the developmentofthe human wellbeing as the qualityof life depends also on
the quality of common goods.Through self-managementin taking care of these specific common
resources,cooperation and integration ofown self-interestwith the general interestis stimulated.
Subsidiarity and circular economy
The Italian experience of “Labsus” (www.labsus.org),was aimed atthe shared managementand
valorisation ofcommon goods,including cultural heritage,through a bottom -up local development. The
citizens carried outactivities to manage common goods on the basis of the principle ofsubsidiarity.
Private individuals were notactively replacing the public bodies butallied with them
Multifunctional Historic Centres (?)13
Historic centers have the risk of becoming mono-structured centers,especiallywhen orientated to satisfy
mass tourism and leisure needs (historic centers as “consumerism” product).This developmentevolution
often leads to historic “Disneyland” centers,which manytouristand visitors appreciate,butmany
inhabitants find inhospitable as the historic areas become crowded and tourism functions push out
‘traditional’ inhabitantfunctions (fewer shops,housing space decreases,rents increase,etc). On the
contraru, multifunctional historic centres have a strong appeal to a wide and numerous variety of:
residents,tourists,entrepreneurs,etc.The functional diversity of historic centres can be supported by the
revitalisation ofthe traditional activities of the urban centre, as well as by strengthening new sectors –
11
INTEGRATING CULTURAL HERITAGE IN URBAN TERRITORIAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
December 13, 2017, by Luigi Fusco Girard, Francesca Nocca
12
The circular economy model is inspired by the nature’s one, based on the circularization of processes, in w hich
“nothing is w aste” and a product of an element becomes a nutrient for another one. The circular economy aims to close
the loops and to extend the lifetime of resources over time
13
Can European cities grow smarter, sustainable and inclusive? The Urbact Tribune

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looking towards supporting a vital mixture of retail and services,habitation,crafts,communication,
education and academic life,recreation and culture,gastronomy,housing and tourism.
2.3 KAIRÓS´s core policy challenge and related thematic areas
Kairós projecthas selected its thematic areas taking into consideration the approved project´s application,
a tentative identification ofareas and sub-topics elaborated bythe Lead Expert and the discussions held
among the 8 city partners at Mula Kick off meeting (9-10 October). As a result, it was identified a core
policy challenge (with subtopics),which deals with the main projectobjectives and aims together with three
derived thematic areas,which are developed to fulfill the core policy challenge.The core policy challenge
covers the essence ofKairós projectand acts like an umbrella for the other three thematic areas.
A) Core Policy Challenge:
Degraded areas with relevant cultural heritage/landscape: how to preserve- restore and develop
these areas
Deals with the conservation and restoration ofarea-buildings with historic or architecture value and
promotion oftheir adaptive reuse for tourism activities;
Subtopics:
a) Eco-restoration technics and methodology for sustainable renovation with local roots and
production
b) Energy strategies and solutions for efficient deep renovation of historic buildings
c) Accessibility to heritage areas:pedestrian access; car-vehicles access,touristic routes, facilitating
access to local services; accessibility with a gender perspective;parking areas;shopping zones,
improving roads to reach heritage town and areas, etc.
d) Landscape regeneration,existence or creation of open-green areas for community encounter and
social life.
a) Funding heritage´s supportand tourism-local economy diversification and development:Annalise
sources of funding,from EU funds, to National/Regional support,private investmentand
innovative ways for funding (e.g: private/public partnership;crowdfunding;community shares;
social responsible investmentfunds, lottery funds, etc.)
B) Derived Thematic Areas:
1 – Heritage support and tourism development (and relatedactivities) to promote local economy
growth and diversification
Deals with the supportbusiness creation related to heritage and tourism,self-employment, entrepreneurial
skills to facilitate the diversification of the local economy.Growth initiatives,including supportto SMEs
(hospitality,creative industries,crafts,etc.) through skills development,business planning,and access to
credit. Improved managementoftouristdestinations and the developm entofleisure travel clusters.
Subtopics:
a) Intangible Cultural heritage as a tool for economic development:conservation,developmentand
promotion ofimmaterial cultural heritage
b) Cultural and Eco-friendly tourism:needs and requirementfor its development while creating
Multifunctional Heritage Centre/Area to preserve genuine local character avoiding Gentrification.
c) SmartHeritage City: use of Information Communication Technologies for smartsolutions (e.g.
using apps - smartcity initiatives for heritage preservation-valorisation and tourism development
while improving managementof resources
d) “Passing by” tourist: how to make them stay; how to reach them from rural or remote areas.
e) Creative Culture Industries’support addressed to link heritage and sustainable tourism while
stimulating production ofdiversified tourism thematic products aimed atcombatting seasonality
2 - Employment opportunities relatedto cultural heritage and tourism to develop in the cities.

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Deals with labour market issues,including analysis ofavailabilityand efficiency of active employment
measures adapted to heritage and tourism-local development;matching employmentand demand by
improving forecasting tools on markettrends and needs on skills and professional profiles (including e-
skills required in a globalized economywhile preserving and reinventing skills atrisk ofbeing lost). Making
education and vocational training responsive to the needs ofthe local labour market (improving career and
vocational guidance,apprenticeships,traineeships,entrepreneurial education and the acquisition of
generic skills and highlyvalued abilities facilitating the transition into the world of work).
Subtopics:
a) Labour marketanalysis and activation measures for heritage and tourism.Passive measures
transformed into encouraging ones.
b) Vocational education measures to update and upgrade skills
3 - Social factors and cities identity: involving people
Developing effective models ofcooperation involving and mobilizing citizens and inhabitants with local
businesses,training providers and relevantadministrations. Changes within a city affect the individuals,
communities and businesses,therefore the need to involve all concerned stakeholders in the governance
of the city and facilitate interactions and co-generation.
Subtopics:
a) Cultural heritage for an inclusive city: participation and access for all ssetting up co-creation
processes and developing initiatives together with groups ofcitizens or stakeholders
b) Administrative / regulatory burden and new innovative management tools
c) Actions to involve immigrants,women,youth and groups under risk ofsocial exclusion in
decision making - problem solving related to heritage and tourism
Indicators
Kairós will use clear indicators to follow up progress in future IAP and planned activities ,providing
quantifiable evidence ofthe cultural,social,environmental and economic benefits (e.g.set-up of
companies, start-ups in new activities in different fields new cultural products and services,tourism,
construction industry,developing talent,attracting new investment;% of SMEs benefiting from the applied
measures; % of buildings reformed with increased energyperformance,etc.) of heritage use-reuse.14
Gender issues
Cities are the level of governmentclosestto people.Their actions and services have direct consequences
on everyday lives.It follows that when the city’s own decision-making bodies are fullyrepresentative,the
interests and experiences ofmultiple groups are included.Women and men ofdifferentethnic groups,
socio-economic backgrounds,abilities and sexualities all bring valuable experiences to local politics.
Women and minoritygroups become politicallyactive and raise their voices when they feel represented.
According to the European Network of Migrant Women68 (ENW) a migrantwoman,on average
is nearly 10% less likely69 to read and write, more likelyto struggle with her mental health and
to be paid less.She is also more likelyto bear a heavier load than men in balancing work and
caring responsibilities
Promoting inclusive entrepreneurship for targetgroups,such as women (and other groups like young
people, long term unemployed, immigrants and disabled) has to become a major objective in
craftsmanship sectors. For instance,for women,very different profiles have emerged,ranging from elderly
women who had losttheir jobs and held no further qualifications,to young female students atwhom
programmes can be targeted to show opportunities offered in the crafts sector.
14 Unesco provides an interesting table for self evaluation of servicesprovided to visitors at heritage sites:
https://visitworldheritage.com/en/eu/visitor-services-self-evaluation/744c8d71-316d-457f-a97e-45524c33b22a

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The Riga City Council created “CRAFT HOUSE” to help residents,mainlywomen, make their national
costumes enriching the design ofweaving, sewing,garmentmaking,etc; The “Art Pauma Initiative”
(Barcelona Chamber ofCommerce),targeted women who had alreadyworked in crafts, losttheir jobs
but could put their skills to new use;The Initiative for female and young “Routes of the Legacy of al-
Andalus” worked on cultural-rural tourism in Andalucia establishing agreements with stakeholders to
contribute to social-economic development organising training sessions to improve quality of jobs
2.4 Synergies with other Urbact projects.15
KAIRÓS includes 8 partner cities that share its vision to enhance social inclusion and economic
developmentthrough cultural heritage and its public spaces as touristic resources while taking into
accountlocal population needs.The network will work not only in develop tools to better manage cultural
heritage,but also to transform its values into tourism related products through a co-creation process with
direct involvementof citizens, companies and other concerned stakeholders.
Kairós´ takes into consideration the relevantlessons learned from several URBACTprojects as INHERIT,
that revitalised local cultural heritage administration through innovative models for entrepreneurship;
CREATIVE SPIRITS, that boosted the creative industries as a tool for cultural regeneration with direct
involvementof the local population to enhance the city´s heritage;CITYCENTERDOCTOR, which worked
on urban planning to regenerate city centres; COME-IN, which worked in raising awareness oflocal
population and stafffrom city councils using builtheritage to decrease social exclusion;C-CHANGE
network, which used artand cultural stakeholders to jointly draft action plan to improve local policies on
climate change;JOB TOWN network, which was coordinated by the city of Cesena and aimed at
spreading strategies for local developmentable to effectively deal with youth unemployment while making
labour marketmore dynamic,sustainable and competitive.The city of Sibenik was partner on the
RETAILINK network and through Urbact developed an action plan to reactivate its old centre by promoting
the retail sector, an interesting experience to enhance degraded historic areas for KAIRÓS network.
Other EU initiative which is linked to KAIRÓS is “ROSIE”, an Interreg Central Europe project to create
innovative solutions which are sociallyresponsible; LENAInterreg Danube project is also relevantas it
promoted the local economythrough the enhancementofnatural heritage.KAIRÓS also takes into
consideration the results ofthe European project“VOICES OF CULTURE”, which has indications about
how to regenerate local heritage to fight social exclusion.
In Paris Urbact Kick Off meeting (10-11 Sept. 2019) contact was made with several new APN, which are
relevant to Kairós´ objectives:“Cities Tourism Friendly” shares several areas related to sustainable tourism
so that both projects will coordinate to avoid overlapping and will support the transfer of knowledge and
experiences; “Access to Culture” shares ideas on facilitating access to culture for all; “Social Impact
Bonds” stronglyshare with Kairós ideas on social inclusion; “Gender Landscapes” will provide insights on
a gender perspective towards urban planning;“Find your Talent”, related to city branding,will be
interesting renovation results could be promoted with a specific brand.
2.4 EU Policies relatedto urban development and heritage as a tool for tourism development: 16
KAIRÓS contributes to the EU objectives as defined in the EU 2020 Strategy, and to the thematic objectives
of the URBACT III Programme, specifically for the Thematic Objective 6, Protecting the environment and
promoting resource efficiency.
In particular,KAIRÓS contributes to the EU2020 Strategy linked to the pillar ofsustainablegrowth,because
the neighbourhoods and historical centres of the cities, which have relevant elements of cultural heritage,
represent examples of compact cities in which the management of resources can be more competitive,
innovative and smarter.The challenge ofthese urban areas and their integrated developmentalso impacts
15 See Urbact histories for the identificationof manyrelevant initiatives undertakenby previous networks
16
Other key landscape markers include:
• The UN Habitat Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), linked to the New Urban Agenda
• The European Union Thematic Objectives linked to Cohesion Policy
• The Partnerships of the Urban Agenda for the European Union (UAEU)
• Other relevant policy framew orks, regulations, networks, initiatives at EU level

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the pillar of integrated growth, providing social an territorial cohesion through the developmentofeconomic
and employment dynamics that accompany the recovery of areas in decline.
Additionally, also in line with EU2020 Strategy, KAIRÓS will put special em phasis on eliminating barriers to
women's participation in the labour market.
Kairós`network looks at cultural heritage supportand renovation as a toold for tourism and related activities
development in holistically as a means of enabling local economic, social and environmental benefit
Cultural heritage is a shared resource,and a common good.Like other such goods it can be vulnerable to
over-exploitation and under-funding,which can resultin neglect,decayand,in some cases,oblivion.Looking
after our heritage is,therefore,our common responsibility.While heritage protection is primarilya matter for
national, regional and local authorities, the European Union has a role to play in line with the EU Treaties
and in respect of the principle of subsidiarity.
The Preamble to the Treaty on European Union states thatthe signatories draw 'inspiration from the cultural,
religious and humanist inheritance of Europe'. Article 3.3 requires the EU to 'ensure that Europe’s cultural
heritage is safeguarded and enhanced'.Since the adoption of the European Agenda for Culture17
in 2007,
heritage has been a priority for the Council's work plans for culture, and cooperation at European level has
advanced through the Open Method of Coordination18
.
2.4 Concluding thoughts to the State of the Art
17
COM (2007) 242 final and Resolution of the Council of 16 November 2007 on a European Agenda for Culture
18
ec.europa.eu/culture/policy/strategic-framework/european-coop_en.htm

12. 12
ANNEX:
TOWARDS AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO CULTURAL HERITAGE19
Cultural heritage is central to the European Agenda for Culture, making a significantcontributionto all three
of its objectives:
 promotion of cultural diversity and intercultural dialogue - because of its intrinsic and societal
value, heritage is a pivotal component
 promotion ofculture as a catalystfor creativity – heritage contributes through its directand indirect
economic potential, including the capacity to underpin our cultural and creative industries and
inspire creators and thinkers
 promotion of culture as a vital element of the Union's international dimension – European
expertise in cultural heritage is highly respected internationally
While policies for maintenance, restoration, accessibility and exploitation of cultural heritage are primarily
national or local responsibilities, cultural heritage is directly addressed in several EU policies, including
culture, environment, research and innovation, education, regional policy and customs cooperation.
To support the European Agenda for Culture, a new generation of EU instruments has been developed -
starting with the Creative Europe and Horizon 2020 programmes - which need to be better known and
mobilised. The EU supports major joint conservation efforts (for example in the Parthenon and the site of
Pompeii)20
, funds cutting-edge research, and participates in the elaboration of new, more open narratives
about Europe's heritage;it also contributes to raising awareness through prizes and other initiatives, often
in cooperation with civil society.
To strengthen Europe's position in the field of cultural heritage preservation, restoration and valorisation,
there is a need to:
 encourage the modernisation of the heritage sector, raising awareness and engaging new
audiences
 apply a strategic approach to research and innovation, knowledge sharing and smart
specialization;
 seize the opportunities offered by digitisation;to reach out to new audiences and engage young
people in particular;
 identify skills needs and improve the training of heritage professionals and
 continue developing more participative interpretation and governance models that are better
suited to contemporaryEurope,through greater involvementofthe private sector and civil society.
To achieve these objectives, the European heritage sector needs more opportunities for larger-scale
networking, and peer learning within and between Member States.
2.1. Enhancing the intrinsic and societal value of cultural heritage in order to promote cultural
diversity and inter-cultural dialogue
Research and innovation
Pooling resources in order to apply the latest technologies and stimulate new scientific approaches can
greatly improve the understanding, preservation and dissemination of cultural heritage. The EU has long
supported cultural heritage research within the framework ofits research framework programmes,promoting
EU excellence in heritage research.
19
COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE
EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS
Tow ards an integrated approach to culturalheritage for Europe (2014)
20
The European Investment Bank, in cooperation w ith Europa Nostra, also supports the protection of the seven
most endangered sites in Europe, selected annually: www.europanostra.org/7-most-endangered

13. 13
Under the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development, around
€100 million were invested in projects related to key aspects ofprotection, conservation and enhancement
of cultural heritage,addressingalso cultural interactions,museums,identities and linguistic diversity,cultural
landscapes and dedicated research infrastructures.
The Joint Programming Initiative Cultural Heritage and Global Change is an innovative and collaborative
research initiative that aims to streamline and coordinate national research programmes in order to enable
more efficient and effective use of scarce financial resources, exploit synergies and avoid duplication21
.
Horizon 2020 is the new EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, with nearly €80 billion
available from 2014 to 2020. It will further reinforce the EU's position in the field of cultural heritage
preservation,restoration and valorisation,supporting cooperation among researchers across a broad range
of themes.Opportunities for heritage-related research and innovation will be available under all three pillars
of the programme:excellentscience,industrial leadership,and societal challenges.The EU will supportthe
application ofcutting-edge science to heritage protection;the developmentofmore inclusive interpretations
of the past; and new methods of dissemination and knowledge sharing. The European Roadmap for
research infrastructures gives priorityto the creation of a new European Digital Research Infrastructure for
the Art and Humanities (DARIAH).22
Research and innovation activities willlook into the transmission ofEuropean cultural heritage,the changing
patterns of identity formation,the sometimes controversial heritage ofEuropean wars,Europe's intellectual
basis and cultural role in the world and the rich European collections of archives, museums and libraries,
tapping into the technological opportunities brought about by the digital age. Furthermore, research and
innovation is carried outon strategies,methodologies andtools needed to enablea dynamic and sustainable
cultural heritage in Europe in response to climate change and natural hazards and disasters. Particular
emphasis will be placed on converging technologies and on multidisciplinary research and innovation for
methodologies, products and services in the cultural heritage sector 23
.
An EU Research and Innovation policy framework and agenda for cultural heritage will also be launched,
based on the contribution of a high level expert group looking at innovative and sustainable investment,
financing and managementofcultural heritage.It will have a multi-stakeholder approach focusedon society
and entrepreneurship, and provide policy support at EU and Member States level.
The Social Platform on Reflective Societies will also bring together researchers, stakeholders and policy-
makers to address policy issues in a comprehensive way. The platform will support the Commission in
defining an innovative and focused researchagenda,including on cultural heritage and culturalexpressions
in Europe.24
Connecting our heritage and making it widely available in the digital era
The digitisation of heritage contributes to the European Agenda for Culture, by improving public access to
different forms ofcultural and linguistic expressions.Digitising cultural heritage,makingitaccessible online,
and supporting its economic exploitation are also activities at the heart of the Digital Agenda for Euro pe.
Digitisation multiplies opportunities to access heritage and engage audiences; while digital tools such as
3D scanning can facilitate the preservation and restoration of physical cultural assets.
The Europeana cultural platform (www.europeana.eu) now provides access to some 30 million cultural
objects from more than 2,500 organisations: the resources of Europe’s cultural institutions are now more
internet-friendly and more widely re-usable. Europeana helps develop and implement standards and
interoperabilityin this area and provides a space whereculture professionals share digital expertise.Itallows
Europeans to engage with their cultural heritage and contribute their own personal experiences, e.g. in
relation to landmark historical events such as World War I.
However, challenges remain: digital cultural content needs to be properly managed, maintained and
preserved; online rights have to be cleared; and material made available in machine -readable formats,
according to open standards, with minimum resolution, interoperability and rich metadata.
21 www.jpi-culturalheritage.eu/ and www.heritageportal.eu
22
ec.europa.eu/research/infrastructures/pdf/esfri-strategy_report_and_roadmap.pdf
23
Council Decision 2013/743/EU establishing the specific programme implementing Horizon 2020
24
ec.europa.eu/research/participants/portal/desktop/en/opportunities/h2020/topics/2102-reflective-9-2014.html

14. 14
At EU level some of these challenges are addressed by Directive 2003/98 on the reuse of public sector
information25
, while Recommendation 2011/711/EU26
on the digitisation and onlineaccessibilityofcultural
material and digital preservation calls on Member States to promote the availabilityof databases with rights
information,connected at European level (such as ARROW), and to create the legal framework conditions
to underpin licensingmechanisms for the large-scale digitisation and cross-border accessibilityofworks that
are out-of-commerce.
A number of EU projects have enabled online access to rare material. The Europeana Regia project has
digitised morethan 1,000 rare and precious manuscripts from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.Others
focus on the potential for creative re-use of digital cultural material, such as Europeana Creative and
Europeana Space.
The EU has recognised film as an essential componentof European heritage; the Parliamentand Council
have therefore recommended to the Member States to systematicallycollect,preserve and restore our film
heritage and facilitate its cultural and educational uses27
.The Commission monitors the application ofthese
recommendations28
and facilitates exchange of best practices in the framework of the Cinema Expert
Group/Subgroup Film Heritage29
. Film heritage is also central to the new Commission Communication:
European film in the digital era: bridging cultural diversity and competitiveness 30
.
Promoting cooperation,raisingawareness,rewardingexcellence,promoting EU flagships and remembrance
Building on the previous EU Culture programme,the new Creative Europe programme will supportcross-
border cooperation to promote the modernisation of the heritage sector. It will also improve civil society
capacity to operate transnationallyby supporting networks and platforms.Since audience developmentis a
key priority of the programme, the heritage sector will be encouraged to experiment with new ways of
reaching more diverse audiences, including young people and migrants.
The richness of Europe's cultural heritage and the efforts to protect it deserve to be better known by
European citizens. This is primarily the responsibility of national and local authorities and of the heritage
sector, but the EU also contributes with a number of pan-European initiatives.
Every year in September in 50 countries across Europe more than 20 million people enjoy access to
thousands of rarely opened sites and unique events as part of European Heritage Days. This locally-led
initiative is supported jointly by the European Commission and the Council of Europe.
The EU helps raise heritage awareness through the European Union Prize for Cultural Heritage/Europa
Nostra Awards which celebrates exemplary heritage achievements. To date 387 sites and projects have
received these prestigious awards.
The European Capitals of Culture (ECoC) is another flagship cultural initiative which demonstrates the
potentially large social and economic returns on investing in heritage. Some ECoC evaluations have found
a return of up to 8 euros for each euro spent.The ECoC title can alsocreate a significantsocial andeconomic
legacy, particularly when embedded in a long-term culture- and creativity-led development strategy (as in
Essen, Lille and Genoa).
A special focus for EU action is preserving the memoryofkey events in the historyof European integration,
and in particular those tragic events – such as those linked to the World Wars– which transcend the history
of individual European states.Started at inter-governmental level,the European Heritage Label highlights
heritage sites thatcelebrate and symboliseEuropeanintegration,ideals and history.It is now a fully-fledged
EU initiative; the first awards were made in April 2014.
The European Remembrance strand of the Europe for Citizens programme aims to encourage reflection
on the causes of totalitarian regimes in Europe's modern history. Activities also concern other defining
moments and reference points in recent European history. The strand aims to promote tolerance, mutual
understanding,intercultural dialogue and reconciliation as a means ofmoving beyond the pastand building
the future.
25 Directive 2003/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 November 2003 on the re-use of
public sector information.
26
Commission Recommendation 2011/711/EU of 27 October 2011 on the digitisation and online accessibility of
culturalmaterial and digital preservation
27
Recommendation 2005/865/EC on film heritage and the competitiveness of related industrial activities
28
2008, 2010 and 2012 reports available on ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/protection-film-heritage
29
ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/cinema-expert-group-subgroup-film-heritage
30
ec.europa.eu/culture/library/reports/com272_en.pdf

15. 15
2.2. A catalyst for creativity and growth: making greater use of the economic potential of EU
cultural heritage
Exploiting the potential of cultural heritage for local and regional development
The EU's cohesion andrural developmentpolicies can beinstrumentalin promoting the restorationofcultural
heritage, supporting cultural and creative industries and financing the training and upgrading of skills of
cultural professionals.
Conserving,promoting and managing cultural heritage is currentlywell supported under the EU Structural
and Investment Funds (ESIF). In 2007-2013, the European Regional Development Fund allocated €3.2
billion for protecting and preserving cultural heritage,€2.2 billion to develop cultural infrastructure and €553
million for cultural services, which also benefited cultural heritage.
In 2014-2020, ESIF investments in heritage will remain eligible, under certain conditions, through direct
funding,but also through investmentin urban regeneration,s ustainable developmentand supportto small
to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
Under the European Regional Development Fund investment in culture and heritage should be part of
integrated and sustainable economic development strategies. It can cover a wide spectrum of activities in
the public, non-profitand private sectors (in particular SMEs), pursuing investments thatcontribute directly
to the fund's objectives and investmentpriorities.Investments in small-scale cultural infrastructure as partof
a territorial strategyshould contribute both to the developmentofendogenous potential and to the promotion
of social inclusion andqualityoflife, particularlyamong marginalised communities,byimproving their access
to cultural and recreational services in both urban and rural contexts.
The European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development will continue supporting the conservation and
upgrading of rural cultural heritage (on which €1.2 billion was invested from 2007-13), and the European
Maritime and Fisheries Fund will finance community-led development projects that promote cultural
heritage – including maritime cultural heritage – in fisheries areas.
Moreover, in the 2014-2020 programming period,urban-regeneration projects,including heritage or cultural
sites, will continue benefitting from financial engineering mechanisms (i.e. equity loans or guarantees). A
new Financial Instruments - Technical AdvisoryPlatform (FI-TAP)) is under preparation to replace the policy
initiative JESSICA (Joint European Support for Sustainable Investment in City Areas), developed by the
European Commission jointly with the European Investment Bank and in collaboration with the Council of
Europe Development Bank.
Promoting tourism around European cultural & industrial heritage
The Commission promotes the developmentofsustainable,responsible and high-qualitytourism,including
products linked with cultural and industrial heritage. In addition to supporting the Council of Europe's
programme on cultural routes,the EU provides grants for the creation or improvementof European cultural
routes crossing several countries and joining them in a common narrative,such as the "EU sky route" aimed
at putting Europe on the Worldwide Tour of Astro-Tourism or the "Liberation Route Europe" around 1944-
45 events. These routes often link together lesser known destinations, thereby contributing to a
diversification of the touristic offer, and lessening the pressure on other localities.
Europe's rich underwater cultural heritage – shipwrecks and archaeological sites submerged by rising sea-
levels – is largely hidden, in danger through increasing human activities at sea and its economic potential
unrealised. The Commission has set out plans to make available maps of these sites, protect them by
ensuring that they are included in spatial plans, and realise their potential for attracting a coastal tourism
industry providing less precarious employment opportunities.31
Reviving old skills and developing new ones
A major problem faced bythe heritage sector is the progressive disappearance oftraditionalskills and crafts.
Demographic trends compound this situation so there may soon be a shortage of skilled workers. Newer
skills - such as in information technologies - are in strong demand, but often in scarce supply.
There is a need to increase the attractiveness of heritage-related professions and to provide more
opportunities for continuous training, taking advantage, for instance, of the opportunities provided by the
European Social Fund.
31
COM(2014)254 on innovation in the blue economy; COM(2013)133 on maritime spatialplanning.

16. 16
Building on the achievements ofthe Lifelong Learning Programme,the Erasmus+ programme will provide
increased opportunities for learning mobilityand tackle skills gaps bysupporting transnational partnerships
between businesses, higher education and vocational education and training institutions. Knowledge
Alliances (for higher education institutions) and Sector Skills Alliances (for vocational education and training)
can help design and deliver curricula that meetthe new needs of different sectors and better link them with
the labour market. The cultural heritage sector is well placed to take advantage of these initiatives.
Ongoing work on developing heritage-related occupational profiles within the European classification of
Skills, Competences and Occupations (ESCO) will also improve the transparency of qualifications and
facilitate the cross-border mobility of specialised workers.
THE WAY FORWARD: STRENGTHENING POLICY COOPERATION AT ALL LEVELS
Cooperation at EU level can and does make a decisive contribution towards heritage policies and
governance at national and local levels, building on Article 167 of the TFEU ('bringing…common cultural
heritage to the fore') and setting out a multi-layered, multi-stakeholder framework.
Legislative action has already been taken in areas of EU competence; for example the Environmental
Impact Assessment Directive 2014/52, whose recent revision strengthens the requirement for Member
States to assess the effects of certain public and private projects on material assets and cultural heritage.
In addition, in the context of the State Aid Modernisation programme, aid for culture and heritage
conservation are included as a new category of aid in the new General Block Exemption Regulation
(GBER)32
. The GBER significantly extends the possibilities for Member States to grant "good aid" to
companies without prior Commission scrutiny, be it in the form of investment or operating aid.
The next Council Work Plan for Culture starting in 2015 offers the opportunity to step up cooperation
between the Member States within the Open Method of Coordination (OMC). . EU Ministers for Culture
agreed recently33
that heritage should be a priorityarea for future OMC work.Importantissues in this respect
include improving the evidence base for policies,innovations in heritage management,and the bestuse of
the structural funds and other EU programmes. Heritage will also feature in the Commission's structured
dialogue with civil society.
In order to ensure the flow of information with the Member States and civil society and strengthen the
interface between national and EU policies,the Commission is working to improve access to information on
EU policy and programme supportfor the heritage sector through a detailed mapping exercise ofactivities
across the Commission services,which is being published online in parallel with this Communication34
and
which will be reviewed and updated regularly.
Through the Creative Europe programme, a pilot project promoting peer-learning among cities and
regions is planned, to contribute to the dissemination of good practices in culture and creative industries,
including heritage.The Commission,in cooperation with the Council of Europe,will also promote heritage-
based and local-led development within the territory of the Union, by identifying new models for multi-
stakeholder governance and conducting on-site direct experimentations.
32
Commission Regulation (EU) No 651/2014 of 17 June 2014 declaring certain categories of aid compatible
w ith the internal market in application of Articles 107 and 108 of the Treaty
33
Council Conclusions on cultural heritage as a strategic resource for a sustainable Europe, 21 May 2014
34
ec.europa.eu/culture/policy/culture-policies/cultural-heritage_en.htm

17. 17
Appendix: other networks dealing with urban planning of Kairós´ interest
- EUROCITIES is the network of major European cities bringing together the local governments of
over 130 of Europe's largestcities and 40 partner cities, that between them govern 130 million
citizens across 35 countries.Through six thematic forums,a wide range of working groups,
projects, activities and events, Eurocities offer its members a platform for sharing knowledge and
exchanging ideas.
http://www.eurocities.eu/
- United Cities and Local Governments - Agenda 21 for Culture
United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG) adopted the Agenda 21 for culture as a reference document
for its programmes on culture and assumed the role of coordinator ofthe process subsequentto its
approval.UCLG’s Working Group on Culture,constituted in Beijing on 9 June 2005,is the meeting point
for cities, local governments and networks that place culture at the heart of their developmentprocesses.
UCLG and its Committee on culture are locally,nationally and internationally well-known for its leadership
in processes that relate culture and sustainable development.Sound and collaborative research is the
engine of these activities.
http://www.agenda21culture.net/
- European ExpertNetwork on Culture – EENC
The European ExpertNetwork on Culture (EENC) is a group of experts which was set up in 2010 to
provide advice to the Directorate-General for Education and Culture of the European Commission in fields
related to cultural policy. Through the provision of responses to specific questions,the production of
studies and reports on a wide range of areas connected to the cultural sector and its policy implications at
national,regional and European levels,the EENC aims to contribute to the improvementofcultural policy
developmentin Europe.
http://www.eenc.info/
- COST European cooperation in Science and technology - Individuals,Societies,Cultures and
Health (ISCH) Action
COST is an intergovernmental framework for European Cooperation in Science and Technology,allowing
the coordination ofnationally-funded research on a European level.
Through its “Action” on the thematic ‘Individuals,Societies,Cultures and Health’,the network has
developed a research interest in the issue of culture and sustainable development.
http://www.cost.eu/domains_actions/isch
- PACT: stands for transnational policies and newschemes to allowexperimentation in spatial
design and land-use creative processes,city changes,based on the most advanced experiences
collected throughoutEurope,in cross-cutting fields such as Heritage,architecture,urban design,
transition,new economies,arts,or agro-ecology.PACT’s purpose is to gather figures of various
fields and profiles,such as: political stakeholders,academics,artists,professionals,civil servants,
citizens,critics, or authors; sharing the same concern about:
The urgency of innovative visions for dealing with contemporary urban challenges;The urgency to give
space to alternative models and experimentations in living environment;The urgency of positioning Culture
as a driver for spatial design and city changes.
http://www.pact.eu.com
- World Cities Culture Forum

18. 18
The World Cities Culture Forum is a major global initiative on culture and the future of cities. The forum is
an initiative of the Mayor of London.It was founded in 2012 by London,New York,Shanghai,Paris, Tokyo,
Sydney, Johannesburg,and Istanbul.By bringing together their cultural expertise and knowledge,the
participating cities have created an effective research and policy forum to address the role that culture
plays in their cities, and to strengthen their policy responses to the similar challenges they face.
In 2013, the Forum issued a report, which is at the core of the Forum research programme as a
compendium ofdata and effective practice.Download the report here.
http://www.worldcitiescultureforum.com/