Advantages of Hiring UIUX Design Service Providers for Your Business
Topic 2.3 network addressing for tcpip
1.
2. Learning Outcomes
1. Explain the addressing scheme of
TCP/IP
2. Identify Public and Private IP address.
3. Types of IP address
4. Methods of obtaining IP addresses
3. Recap!!
1. Can you list the 7 Layer in OSI?
2. What is protocol?
3. Did you still remember TCP/IP
Model. List all the 4 Layer in
TCP/IP?
4. IP Addresses and Subnet Mask
• IP address
IP address is a 32-bit binary number that
divided into 4 groups of 8 bits, known as
octets.
Allow to communicate with other
computers.
IP address is the number assigned to your
computer by the network device.
5. IP Addresses and Subnet Mask
• Subnet Mask
Determines how many IP addresses you
can use for your network.
Example, 255.255.255.0 would allow you
to use 254 IP addresses for your network.
Subnet mask defines how large of a
network you want to talk to by default.
8. Purpose of IP Address
1. First part identifies the
network (N)
2. Second part identifies
the host (H)
Where is
192.168.5.22?
192.168.5.99
192.168.5.0
192.168.5.23
192.168.5.22
Here is
NETWORK
192.168.5.22
in PTSS
1
2
I’m HOST
192.168.5.22
9. Purpose of IP Address
The logical 32-bit IP address is
hierarchical and is made up of
two parts. The first part identifies
the network and the second part
identifies a host on that network
First part identifies the network
Second part identifies the host
10. Binary and Dotted Decimal Notation
• Different format of IP address, binary,
dotted decimal and hexadecimal.
1. Binary.
Example: 11000000 10101000 00000001
00001010
2. Dotted Decimal.
Example: 192.168.1.10
3. Hexadecimal.
Example: C0.A8.1.A
11. Binary to
Hexadecimal
Binary= 0, 1
Decimal= 0–9
Hexadecimal= 0–9, A-F
Decimal Binary Hexadecimal
0 0000 0
1 0001 1
2 0010 2
3 0011 3
4 0100 4
5 0101 5
6 0110 6
7 0111 7
8 1000 8
9 1001 9
10 1010 A
11 1011 B
12 1100 C
13 1101 D
14 1110 E
15 1111 F
12. Types of IP/Network Address
CLASS RANGE
OF 1st
OCTET
RANGE OF
1st OCTET
(BINARY)
Network(N) and
Host(H) Part in
Address
DEFAULT SUBNET
MASK
PURPOSE
A 1-126 00000000 -
01111111
N.H.H.H
Host: 16.7
millions
255.0.0.0 Large network
B 128-191 10000000 -
10111111
N.N.H.H
Host: 65k
255.255.0.0 Medium
network
C 192-223 11000000 -
11011111
N.N.N.H
Host: 254
255.255.255.0 Small network
D 224-239 11100000 -
11101111
Not for
commercial use
as a host
255.255.255.255 Multicasting
E 240-254 11110000 -
11111111
- Reserved - for
experimental
use
The class of an address can be determined by the value of the
first octet
13. Extra!!!
• IP Addressing Rules
1. All Host portions cannot be ZERO
(0=network ID/00000000)
2. All Host portions cannot be 255 as 255 is a
broadcast address in any network
(255=1=broadcast ID/11111111)
3. No computing device can be assigned an IP
of 127.0.0.1 as it is a LOOPBACK IP address
(localhost)
4. All Host portion should be unique in any given
network.
14. Private and Public IP Addresses
• All hosts that connect directly to the Internet require a
unique public IP address. An IP address is
considered public if the IP number is valid.
• Some private addresses are reserved for use
exclusively inside an organization.
• Public IP addresses are used by servers (including
those for Web sites and DNS servers), network
routers or any computer connected directly to the
Internet via a modem.
15. Private and Public IP Addresses (cont…)
• Private addresses can be used internally by hosts
in an organization as long as the hosts do not
connect directly to the Internet.
• Private addresses are not routed on the Internet and
will be quickly blocked by an ISP router.
• The use of private addresses can provide a measure
of security since they are only visible on the local
network.
How to set Private IP?
Static – Our own host, Automatic - DHCP
17. Private IP Address
• Private IP addresses are used only within your
network.
• Private IP addresses always start with:
• CLASS A – 10.x.x.x
Valid IP addresses:10.0.0.1 to 10.255.255.254
• CLASS B - 172.16.x.x
Valid IP addresses:172.16.0.1 to 172.31.255.254
• CLASS C - 192.168.x.x
Valid IP addresses:192.168.0.1 to 192.168.255.254
18. Types of Addressing
• IP addresses also categorized as unicast,
broadcast or multicast.
• Hosts can use IP addresses to communicate
- one-to-one (unicast),
- one-to-many (multicast) or
- one-to-all (broadcast).
19. Unicast Addressing
• To describe communication where a piece
of information is sent from one point to
another point. In this case there is just
one sender, and one receiver.
• One-to-One
• Example: The standard unicast
applications (http, smtp, ftp and telnet)
which employ the TCP transport protocol.
21. Multicast Addressing
• To describe communication where a piece
of information is sent from one or more
points to a set of other points. In this case
there is may be one or more senders.
• One-to-Many
• Example of an application which may use
multicast is a video server sending out
networked TV channels / Group email.
23. Broadcast Addressing
• To describe communication where a piece
of information is sent from one point to all
other points. In this case there is just one
sender, but the information is sent to all
connected receivers.
• One-to-All
• Example: The standard application
(address resolution protocol (ARP))
26. Addressing Method (cont…)
• Static/Manual
– Setting up IP configuration at network manually
• Dynamic/automatic
– Automatically received IP address from DHCP
server
27. Static Addressing
Advantages Disadvantages
If you run servers, you will
always know where in the
world it is and or login
remotely
You can't move your
machine to a different subnet
and expect it to work. You
need to reconfigure it
Useful for printer setting
28. Dynamic Addressing
Advantages Disadvantages
IP configuration information
gets automatically configured
for client machine by the
DHCP server.
You can't move your
machine to a different subnet
and expect it to work. You
need to reconfigure it
Less security risk as the
computer is assigned a new
IP address whenever you log
on.
29. Dynamic Addressing (cont…)
• DHCP Server
Set of rules for dynamically
assigning IP addresses to
devices on a network.
It assigns the IP addresses
and ensures that all IP
addresses are unique.
30. Domain Name Service (DNS)
• Domain Name Service (DNS) is the service
used to convert human readable names of
hosts to IP addresses.
• Example:
- PC10 192.168.2.12
- www.google.com
74.125.135.105
74.125.135.104
74.125.135.106
74.125.135.147
74.125.135.99
74.125.135.103
