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¿QUÉ SON LOS ALCANOS?
ALC A NOS
𝗈 Los alcanos son hidrocarburos saturados, están
formados exclusivamente por carbono e hidrógeno y
únicamente hay enlaces sencillos en su estructura.
𝗈 Fórmula general: CnH2n+2 donde “n” represente el
número de carbonos del alcano.
𝗈 Esta fórmula nos permite calcular la fórmula
molecular de un alcano. Por ejemplo para el alcano
de 5 carbonos: C5H [(2 x 5) +2] = C5H12
ALCANOS
PROPIEDADES D E L O S
ALCANOS
𝗈 El estado físico de los 4 primeros alcanos: metano,
etano, propano y butano es gaseoso.
𝗈 Del pentano al hexadecano (16 átomos de carbono) son
líquidos y a partir de heptadecano (17 átomos de
carbono) son sólidos.
𝗈 El punto de fusión, de ebullición y la densidad
aumentan conforme aumenta el número de átomos de
carbono.
𝗈 Son insolubles en agua
PROPIEDADES D E L O S
ALCANOS
𝗈 Pueden emplearse como disolventes para sustancias
poco polares como grasas, aceites y ceras.
𝗈 El gas de uso doméstico es una mezcla de alcanos,
principalmente propano.
𝗈 El gas de los encendedores es butano.
𝗈 El principal uso de los alcanos es como combustibles
debido a la gran cantidad de calor que se libera en esta
reacción.
E J E M P L O S D E
ALCANOS
3-METIL-5-ISOPROPILNONANO
E J E M P L O S D E
ALCANOS
3-METIL-5-ISOPROPILNONANO
E J E RC I C I O S D E
ALCANOS
E J E RC I C I O S D E
ALCANOS
E J E R C I C I O S D E
ALCANOS
𝗈 11. 4-etil-4-metilheptano
𝗈 12. Isobutano
𝗈 13. Neopentano
𝗈 14. Isopentano
𝗈 15. 2,3-dimetilpentano
𝗈 16. Radical isobutilo
𝗈 17. 4-etil-3,5-dimetilheptano
𝗈 18. 2,4,5-trimetiloctano
𝗈 19. Radical isopentilo
𝗈 20. 4,5-dietil-5-isopropil-3,4-dimetil-6-propil undecano

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Alcanos normal

  • 1. ¿QUÉ SON LOS ALCANOS?
  • 2. ALC A NOS 𝗈 Los alcanos son hidrocarburos saturados, están formados exclusivamente por carbono e hidrógeno y únicamente hay enlaces sencillos en su estructura. 𝗈 Fórmula general: CnH2n+2 donde “n” represente el número de carbonos del alcano. 𝗈 Esta fórmula nos permite calcular la fórmula molecular de un alcano. Por ejemplo para el alcano de 5 carbonos: C5H [(2 x 5) +2] = C5H12
  • 4. PROPIEDADES D E L O S ALCANOS 𝗈 El estado físico de los 4 primeros alcanos: metano, etano, propano y butano es gaseoso. 𝗈 Del pentano al hexadecano (16 átomos de carbono) son líquidos y a partir de heptadecano (17 átomos de carbono) son sólidos. 𝗈 El punto de fusión, de ebullición y la densidad aumentan conforme aumenta el número de átomos de carbono. 𝗈 Son insolubles en agua
  • 5. PROPIEDADES D E L O S ALCANOS 𝗈 Pueden emplearse como disolventes para sustancias poco polares como grasas, aceites y ceras. 𝗈 El gas de uso doméstico es una mezcla de alcanos, principalmente propano. 𝗈 El gas de los encendedores es butano. 𝗈 El principal uso de los alcanos es como combustibles debido a la gran cantidad de calor que se libera en esta reacción.
  • 6. E J E M P L O S D E ALCANOS 3-METIL-5-ISOPROPILNONANO
  • 7. E J E M P L O S D E ALCANOS 3-METIL-5-ISOPROPILNONANO
  • 8. E J E RC I C I O S D E ALCANOS
  • 9. E J E RC I C I O S D E ALCANOS
  • 10. E J E R C I C I O S D E ALCANOS 𝗈 11. 4-etil-4-metilheptano 𝗈 12. Isobutano 𝗈 13. Neopentano 𝗈 14. Isopentano 𝗈 15. 2,3-dimetilpentano 𝗈 16. Radical isobutilo 𝗈 17. 4-etil-3,5-dimetilheptano 𝗈 18. 2,4,5-trimetiloctano 𝗈 19. Radical isopentilo 𝗈 20. 4,5-dietil-5-isopropil-3,4-dimetil-6-propil undecano