it shows how it helps to develop agriculture

1. AGRICULTURE
DEVELOPMENT WITH
COMPUTER SCIENCE
AND ENGG..
By bikash kumar

2. TOPICS
 1. INTRODUCTION
 2. BASIC CONCEPT OF AGRICULTURE
 3. BASIC CONCEPT OF IT
 4. LINK OF AGRICULTUREAND IT
 5. USE OF IT IN AGRICULTURE
 6. CONCLUSION
 7. BIBLIYOGRAPHY

3. USE OF IT IN AGRICULTURE
1. Office automation
2. Wireless technologies
3. Global Positioning System
4. Geographic information systems
5. Computer-controlled devices (automated systems)
6. Smartphone mobile apps in Agriculture
7. RFID
8. Knowledge management systems
9. E-learning
10. E-commerce
11. Agricultural resources and services management
12. Computer-aided manufacturing
13. Computer-aided design

4. INTRODUCTION
 The application of information and communications
technology (ICT) in agriculture is increasingly important.
 E-Agriculture is an emerging field focusing on the enhancement
of agricultural and rural development through improved
information and communication processes. More specifically, e-
Agriculture involves the conceptualization, design, development,
evaluation and application of innovative ways to use information
and communication technologies (IT) in the rural domain, with a
primary focus on agriculture. E-Agriculture is a relatively new
term and we fully expect its scope to change and evolve as our
understanding of the area grows.Indian Agriculture contributes
to 18.6 per cent of India’s GDP, and approximately 59 per cent
Indians derive their livelihood from the agricultural sector. Private
sector initiatives like contract farming have commercialized the
Indian agricultural sector.

5. INTRODUCTION
 E-Agriculture is one of the action lines identified in the declaration
and plan of action of the World Summit on the Information
Society (WSIS).The "Tunis Agenda for the Information Society,"
published on 18 November 2005 and emphasizes the leading
facilitating roles that UN agencies need to play in the
implementation of the Geneva Plan ofAction.The Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has been
assigned the responsibility of organizing activities related to the
action line under C.7 ICT Applications on E-Agriculture.
 The main phases of the agriculture industry include crop
cultivation, water
management, fertilizer application, fertigation, pest
management, harvesting, post-harvest handling, transport of food
products, packaging, food preservation, food processing/value
addition, quality management, food safety, food storage, and food
marketing.

6. INTRODUCTION
 All stakeholders of agriculture industry need information and knowledge
about these phases to manage them efficiently. Any system applied for
getting information and knowledge for making decisions in any industry
should deliver accurate, complete, concise information in time or on
time.The information provided by the system must be in user-friendly
form, easy to access, cost-effective and well protected from
unauthorized accesses
1. Record text, drawings, photographs, audio, video, process descriptions,
and other information in digital formats,
2. Produce exact duplicates of such information at significantly lower cost,
3.Transfer information and knowledge rapidly over large distances through
communications networks.
3. Develop standardized algorithms to large quantities of information
relatively rapidly.
4. Achieve greater interactivity in communicating, evaluating, producing
and sharing useful information and knowledge.

7. INTRODUCTION
 The main focus of this article is to elaborate
how the achievements of IT can be applied in
Agriculture sector and its development.The
main applications of ICT in Agriculture sector
are listed below.

8. OFFICE AUTOMATION
 The office automation is application of computers, computer
networks, telephone networks, and other office automation tool
such as photocopy machines, scanners, printers, cleaning
equipment, and electronic security systems to increase the
productivity of organizations.
 There are many government, private and non-government
organizations involved in agriculture sector and rural development.
They all have to work together to give better service to farming
community.Therefore, application of office automation is one of the
solutions to enhance the efficiency and inter-connectivity of the
employees work in all above mentioned organizations.
 Many computer applications such as MS Office, Internet
Explorer, OpenOffice.org and other tailor-made office automation
software packages are providing unlimited potential to
organizations and individuals to fulfill their day to day data
processing requirements to give an efficient service to their
customers.

9. WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES
 Wireless technologies have numerous
applications in agriculture.One major usage
is the simplification of closed-circuit
television camera systems; the use of wireless
communications eliminates the need for the
installation of coaxial cables.[1]

10. GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
 GPS Receivers
 In agriculture, the use of the Global Positioning
System provides benefits in geo-fencing, map-
making and surveying. GPS receivers dropped in price over
the years, making it more popular for civilian use.With the
use of GPS, civilians can produce simple yet highly accurate
digitized map without the help of a
professional cartographer.
 In Kenya, for example, the solution to prevent an elephant
bull from wandering into farms and destroying precious
crops was to tag the elephant with a device that sends a
text message when it crosses a geo-fence. Using the
technology of SMS and GPS, the elephant can roam freely
and the authorities are alerted whenever it is near the farm.

11. Geographic information systems
 Geographic information system s, or GIS, are
extensively used in agriculture, especially
in precision farming. Land is mapped
digitally, and pertinent geodetic data such as
topography and contours are combined with
other statistical data for easier analysis of the
soil. GIS is used in decision making such as
what to plant and where to plant using
historical data and sampling.

12. Computer-controlled devices (automated systems)
 Automatic milking systems are computer controlled stand
alone systems that milk the dairy cattle without human
labor.The complete automation of the milking process is
controlled by an agricultural robot, a complex herd
management software, and specialized computers.
Automatic milking eliminates the farmer from the actual
milking process, allowing for more time for supervision of
the farm and the herd. Farmers can also improve herd
management by using the data gathered by the computer.
By analyzing the effect of various animal feeds on milk
yield, farmers may adjust accordingly to obtain optimal
milk yields. Since the data is available down to individual
level, each cow may be tracked and examined, and the
farmer may be alerted when there are unusual changes that
could mean sickness or injuries

13. Smartphone mobile apps in Agriculture
 Use of Mobile technologies as a tool of intervention in agriculture
is increasingly popular. Smartphone penetration enhance the
multi-dimensional positive impact on sustainable poverty
reduction and identify accessibility as the main challenge in
harnessing the full potential (Silarszky et al., 2008) in agricultural
space. Reach of smart phone even in rural areas extended the ICT
services beyond simple voice or text messages. Several
smartphone apps are available for agriculture, horticulture,
animal husbandry and farm machinery.
 Smartphone mobile applications designed and developed by
Jayalaxmi agrotech Pvt Ltd from India are the most commonly
used agriculture apps in India.Their mobile apps are in regional
language are designed to break the literacy barrier and deliver
the information in most simple manner. Several thousands of
farmers across Asia are empowered with these apps.

14. RFID
 TheVeterinary Department of Malaysia's Ministry of
Agriculture introduced a livestock-tracking program in
2009 to track the estimated 80,000 cattle all across the
country. Each cattle is tagged with the use of RFID
technology for easier identification, providing access to
relevant data such as: bearer's location, name of breeder,
origin of livestock, sex, and dates of movement.This
program is the first of its kind in Asia, and is expected to
increase the competitiveness of Malaysian livestock
industry in international markets by satisfying the
regulatory requirements of importing countries like United
States, Europe and Middle East.Tracking by RFID will also
help producers meet the dietary standards by
the halal market.The program will also provide
improvements in controlling disease outbreaks in livestock

15. Knowledge management systems
 Knowledge management (KM) is the process of capturing,
developing, sharing, and effectively using
organizational knowledge.[1] It refers to a multi-disciplinary
approach to achieving organizational objectives by making
the best use of knowledge.[2]
 An established discipline since 1991 (see Nonaka 1991), KM
includes courses taught in the fields of business
administration, information systems, management, and
library and information sciences.[3][4] More recently, other
fields have started contributing to KM research, including
information and media, computer science,public health,
and public policy.[5] Several Universities now offer
dedicated Master of Science degrees in Knowledge
Management.

16. Knowledge management systems
 Many large companies, public institutions and non-profit
organisations have resources dedicated to internal KM efforts,
often as a part of their business strategy,information technology,
or human resource management departments.[6] Several
consulting companies provide strategy and advice regarding KM
to these organisations.[6]
 Knowledge management efforts typically focus on
organisational objectives such as improved
performance, competitive advantage, innovation, the sharing of
lessons learned, integration and continuous improvement of the
organisation.[7] KM efforts overlap with organisational
learning and may be distinguished from that by a greater focus
on the management of knowledge as a strategic asset and a
focus on encouraging the sharing of knowledge.[2][8] It is an
enabler of organisational learning.[9][10]

17. Computer-aided design (CAD)
 Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of computer systems to aid in the
creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design.[1] CAD software is
used to increase the productivity of the designer, improve the quality of design,
improve communications through documentation, and to create a database for
manufacturing.[2] CAD output is often in the form of electronic files for print,
machining, or other manufacturing operations.
 Computer-aided design is used in many fields. Its use in designing electronic
systems is known as electronic design automation, or EDA. In mechanical design
it is known as mechanical design automation (MDA) or computer-aided
design(CAD), which includes the process of creating a technical drawing with
the use of computer software.[3]
 CAD software for mechanical design uses either vector-based graphics to depict
the objects of traditional drafting, or may also produce raster graphics showing
the overall appearance of designed objects. However, it involves more than just
shapes. As in the manual drafting of technical and engineering drawings, the
output of CAD must convey information, such as materials,
processes, dimensions, and tolerances, according to application-specific
conventions.

18. Computer-aided design (CAD)
 CAD may be used to design curves and figures in two-dimensional (2D)
space; or curves, surfaces, and solids in three-dimensional (3D) space.[4]
 CAD is an important industrial art extensively used in many applications,
including automotive, shipbuilding, and aerospace industries, industrial
and architectural design, prosthetics, and many more. CAD is also
widely used to produce computer animation for special effects in
movies, advertising and technical manuals, often called DCC digital
content creation.The modern ubiquity and power of computers means
that even perfume bottles and shampoo dispensers are designed using
techniques unheard of by engineers of the 1960s. Because of its
enormous economic importance, CAD has been a major driving force for
research in computational geometry, computer graphics (both hardware
and software), and discrete differential geometry.[5]
 The design of geometric models for object shapes, in particular, is
occasionally called computer-aided geometric design(CAGD).[6]

19. E-LEARNING
 Educational technology is the effective use of technological tools in learning. As
a concept, it concerns an array of tools, such as media, machines and networking
hardware, as well as considering underlying theoretical perspectives for their
effective application.
 Educational technology is not restricted to high technology.
 Nonetheless, electronic educational technology, also called e-learning, has
become an important part of society today, comprising an extensive array of
digitization approaches, components and delivery methods.
 For example, m-learning emphasizes mobility, but is otherwise
indistinguishable in principle from educational technology.
 Educational technology includes numerous types of media that deliver text,
audio, images, animation, and streaming video, and includes technology
applications and processes such as audio or video tape, satelliteTV, CD-ROM,
and computer-based learning, as well as local intranet/extranet and web-based
learning. Information and communication systems, whether free-standing or
based on either local networks or the Internet in networked learning, underlie
many e-learning processes.

20. E-LEARNING
 Theoretical perspectives and scientific testing
influence instructional design.
 The application of theories of human behavior to
educational technology derives input from instructional
theory, learning theory, educational psychology,media
psychology and human performance technology.
 Educational technology and e-learning can occur in or out
of the classroom. It can be self-paced, asynchronous
learning or may be instructor-led, synchronous learning. It
is suited to distance learning and in conjunction with face-
to-face teaching, which is termed blended learning.
Educational technology is used by learners and educators in
homes, schools (both K-12 and higher education),
businesses, and other settings.

21. e-COMMERCE
 Electronic commerce, commonly written as e-
commerce, is the trading or facilitation of trading in
products or services using computer networks, such
as the Internet. Electronic commerce draws on
technologies such as mobile commerce,electronic
funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet
marketing, online transaction processing, electronic
data interchange (EDI), inventory management
systems, and automated data collection systems.
Modern electronic commerce typically uses
theWorldWideWeb for at least one part of the
transaction's life cycle, although it may also use
other technologies such as e-mail.

22. e-COMMERCE
 E-commerce businesses may employ some or all of the
following:
1. Online shopping web sites for retail sales direct to consumers
2. Providing or participating in online marketplaces, which
process third-party business-to-consumer or consumer-to-
consumer sales
3. Business-to-business buying and selling
4. Gathering and using demographic data through web contacts
and social media
5. Business-to-business electronic data interchange
6. Marketing to prospective and established customers by e-mail
or fax (for example, with newsletters)
7. Engaging in pretail for launching new products and services

23. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

24.         
 
 
tHaNk 
 U 
        