A presention given by Jessica Fanzo, Senior Nutritionist at a meeting in St. Petersburg. The meeting marked the end of a research project "Promoting the use and conservation of berry fruits for health diets in Russia: The strategic value of the Vavilov Institute and its germplasm collections Statement for policy makers and public policy in Russia". Read more about Bioversity International’s work on diet diversity for nutrition and health
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/diet-diversity/
Resilient seed systems and Adaptation to climate change
Trends in global nutrition and health: Local fruits and their
1. Trends in global nutrition and health: Local fruits and theirpotential importance for nutrition and health Jessica Fanzo PhD Senior Scientist, Nutrition and Diversity Bioversity International
3. 10-20% 21-30% 31-40% 41-50% >51% <10% Over a billion are overweight or obese Arctic Ocean Arctic Ocean North Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean South Atlantic Ocean South Pacific Ocean Source: The World is Fat (Penguin, Dec 2008)
5. Main driver of overnutrition…not poverty alone Global shifts in the diet Energy dense foods High in fat and sugar Low in micronutrients Decline in physical activity Sedentary nature of work Modes of transportation Increased urbanization
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7. One alarming trend Children who are born of low birth weight followed by exposure to high fat, nutrient dense foods ---- are more at risk of becoming obese and susceptible to non-communicable diseases
8. Children under two who are undernourished in Russia Zohoori, Gleiter, and Popkin 2001
9. Adults ages 18 to 29 who are overweight in Russia Zohoori, Gleiter, and Popkin 2001
10. Adults ages 30 to 59 who are overweight in Russia Zohoori, Gleiter, and Popkin 2001
11. Adults over 60 who are overweight in Russia Zohoori, Gleiter, and Popkin 2001
12. Summary of Russia’s nutritional status Low birth weight babies: 7% (EU is 4 to 7) Stunting in children under 2: 8-15% Overweight or obese adults: over 50% Emphasis on high meat, high protein, high calorie diet The “double burden” in Russia is due to a lack of micronutrients essential for growth followed by weight gain during infancy
13. What is being done globally to address the global burden? The interventions being currently scaled are: Good child feeding and hygiene practices Micronutrient supplementation Food fortification Ready to use therapeutic foods to treat acute malnutrition What is not addressed in these interventions? Diet diversity Overnutrition Agriculture’s role
14. Agriculture, for the most part, hasforgotten about nutrition Agriculture research, programs and policy have not focus on maximizing nutrition output from farming systems
15. Agricultural Biodiversity Agricultural Biodiversity is POTENTIALLY important: As a coping mechanism against hunger For environmental sustainability For food security resilience For strengthening of local food systems As a rich source of nutrients for improved diet diversity and quality Deriving direct benefits from agricultural biodiversity is an incentive to conserve that diversity
16. Diet Diversity Good predictor of dietary quality Associated with stunting Associated with longevity Associated with decreases in some cancers and heart disease risk
17. Fruits and vegetables contribute to diet diversity Important for diet diversity by providing micronutrients and non-nutrients Botanical diversity of fruits and vegetables plays a role in the biological effect of antioxidant phytochemicals Consumption of fruit and vegetables has many health benefits: Lowers blood pressure reduces risk of heart disease, stroke, and some cancers lowers risk of eye and digestive problems keeps blood sugar levels more level SO WHY DON’T PEOPLE CONSUME MORE???
18. The Berry Collection and its importance in health and nutrition In Northern territories with cold climates, berries play a critical role in diets and are highly adopted to local conditions (Finland, Russia, NE USA, Canada, Greenland) Large diversity of Ribes (currants), Rubus (blackberries), Lonicera (honeyberries), Sorbus (moutain ash), Vitis (grape) should be harnessed! Beyond just essential vitamins and minerals essential for nutrition, phytochemicals are critical important
19. Importance of Genetic Diversity to Diet diversity for Russia Traditional foods have been replaced with cheaper calorie-rich, nutrient-deficient staples like bread and potatoes "We are losing our culinary traditions,“ -Gennady Onishchenko, head of the Federal Consumer Protection Service Conservation and characterization of genetic diversity of local Russian crops is the FIRST and most critical step in preserving those culinary traditions – and gaining ACCESS to agricultural biodiversity and dietary diversity
21. Linking genetic resource conservation with wellbeing: The importance of this collaboration: VIR, BI, and CRPGL New collaboration platforms: partnerships between nutritionists and gene bank scientists are rare New links: linking the importance of local genetic resources to better nutrition and health is a new area of work New research: Research on the nutrient and health factors of local varieties assessed from gene banks, grown in different environmental and geographical conditions is innovative
22. Critical Future Questions What is the impact of the nutrient and phytochemical values of these foods on human health and nutrition? How much is needed to consume to get the protective effects of phytochemicals? And its bioavailability? How widespread are these foods consumed in Russia? If critically important to human health, how can the collection be best managed and how can improvements in production of important varieties be scaled? How should the value of these foods be promoted and to whom in Russia? Does industry play a role?
24. Our challenge: How can our work influence the food industry to ensure locally sourced nutritious foods are a part of programs? “Good Nutrition Programme” for schools - Nestlé Russia Goal of the program: To instill a basic understanding of nutritional culture among children, parents and teachers, and provide practical experience Target reach: 31 regions of Russia, with 3 more regions planned in 2011. Annually, over 350,000 children in 5,000 schools are involved in the programme, and in total has helped 3 million children from 30,000 schools to learn about good nutrition
25. Thank you! Thank you to VIR – Sergey, Tatjana, Artem The Centre de Recherche Public Gabriel Lippmann – Jean Francois and Isabelle The Global Crop Diversity Trust – Luigi Guarino The Peoples of the Russian Federation And to Sergey, our translator!
Notas del editor
Diet diversity interventions and food approachesSustainable management of environmental resources for food productionActions to address overnutrition and non-communicable disease riskNutrition-sensitive interventions in other sectors, such as agriculture
Agricultural extension services promoting better crop diversity and biodiversity for improved nutrition; Integrated agro-forestry systems that reduce deforestation and promote the sustainable exploitation of nutrient-rich non-wood forest products; Integrated farming systems exploiting the synergies of horticulture, aquaculture and small livestock rearing to reduce waste and expenses on agricultural inputs and increase food production diversity; Improved household food production and livelihoods (i.e. diversification of household food production for self-consumption, to improve the nutritional quality of the family diet).
Pertains to the biological variety exhibited among crops and animals used for food and agriculture as well as among organisms that constitute agricultural ecosystems at ecosystem, species, and genetic levels
Finland abounds with wild berries. The annual harvest of wild berries in Finland has been estimated at more than 50 million kilograms (110 million lb)-more than ten kilograms (22 lb) per Finn. Approximately 50 different species can be found in Finland in all kinds of environments from rocky seashores to swamps and forests. Of all the different species of wild berries in Finland, roughly 20 are edible. The best known and most valuable are lingonberry, bilberry, cloudberry, and buckthorn berry. The most commonly traded of the wild berries is the lingonberry. Anthocyanins are a group of phytochemicals that give berries their red color. Anthocyanins inhibit growth of lung, colon and leukemia cancer cells without affecting growth of healthy cells in lab studies.Ellagic acid is a phytochemical found in virtually all berries. Ellagic acid also blocks metabolic pathways that can lead to cancer. In animals, it has inhibited development of colon, esophageal, liver, lung and skin cancers stemming from a variety of carcinogens.Pterostilbene is an antioxidant phytochemical that affects metabolic processes to decrease development of both cancer and heart disease. Blueberries are an excellent source of this relative of the health-promoting resveratrol that is found in grapes and red wine.